Sea madandaude - risingazivikanwi ugere pakadzika

Sea madandaude anowanzonzi mhuka mnogokolenchatymi. Vanopinda mukirasi Chelicerata, mhando zvisikwa izvi - Arthropods. Uyewo chinogamuchirika ndiyo kupatsanura iro rokuti "Chelicerata" Inonzi subtype iyo gungwa madandaude ari oga kirasi. Pane nzira dzakawanda zita zvesayinzi kirasi ichi - Pantopody, Piknogonidy nevamwe.

Vamwe vakawanda mashoko

Pfungwa yokuti "gungwa dandemutande" haringorevi 1,300 siyana vakawanda vemhuri. Ivo vanogara pamakungwa munyika. Meet Marine arthropods kunogona siyana pakadzika. Dzimwe vanosarudza (chikamu naTidhari pachiwi) dzakaderera intertidal, mumwe anoenda pasi abyssal (yakadzika mapazi). The wakawanda uye brackish mvura Mnogokolenchatye vane zvakawanda zvakajairika kupfuura brackish kure negungwa mumakungwa. In mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, madandaude vari kugara algae mumatenhere uye pasi.

Deep-gungwa uye littoral mhando madandaude ndiwo kusiyana nemamiriro muviri, uye ari kukura. In chakadzama akaturikidzana zvegungwa mumvura dandemutande iri hombe, zviri yakareba uye makumbo wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, izvo zvinogona refu bvudzi. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuderedza singi unodiwa. Spider haasi chete zvinoyangarara, sokunge akayangarara mumvura. Kunyura kusvika pasi, zviri chiine zvakakwana kuisa pasi makumbo avo refu pasi Taurus.

Coastal chiine chimiro. Makumbo vari mukobvu uye mapfupi, asi ivo vari riri dzakabudirira anorovera uye yakatesvera panyanga dzacho zvinodiwa kuti kuvhima uye kudzivirirwa.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Chero gungwa dandemutande, uye zvakadzika-gungwa uye mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mhando, nezvaiitwa mamiriro. Muviri huviri Tagme (dhipatimendi). zita ravo - segmented uye non-segmented prosoma opisoma. Nokuti prosoma mamirire cylindrical kana Disc serin'i.

Hunde mugungwa madandaude makumbo yakaderera uye akafukidza chitinous cuticle. Pane kupesana pakati cephalothorax uye dumbu (wokugaya). In cephalothorax kubva 7 kusvika 9 zvikamu 4 vari fused pamwechete. mugove Fused pamusoro cephalothorax inonzi musoro chidimbu. The zvikamu yasara anogona kana fused, uye dissected. Front musoro hunde chidimbu ndiyo cylindrical kana ovoid chimiro. On lateral mativi hunde vari yakatarwa majoko maviri yayo: helifory uye palps. Pazuva ventral divi romusoro dhipatimendi vakanochengeta wechitatu peya Mbabvu (makumbo desyatichlenikovye oviparous). Mumwe STRUCTURAL zviri mugungwa madandaude kuti 3 mberi yegwara makumbo havana kusvika pasi, uye havabatanidzwi kufamba.

Kufamba makumbo gungwa dandemutande richengetwe kusvikira kurutivi matavi musoro wemuviri chidimbu. Kakawanda vava 4 nomwe, asi vamwe vamiririri - 5-6 nomwe.

alimentary maitiro

Marine dandemutande ine zvomudumbu wemuTesitamende muchimiro kuburikidza chubhu kusiyaniswa zvishoma diverticula. Diverticulum iyi nyaya - ndiye dumbu muitiro kuti zvinopinda mumwe gumbo. Kugayiwa arthropods izvi vasanganiswa. Zvinonzi akagoverana uye abdominal uye intracellular chimiro.

govera

Zviri nyore kuti zvokufungidzira chii zvomumvura chikafu madandaude. Vazhinji vavo - ndivo nezvikara. In Zvokudya zvavo uye ndakagara ndakagara invertebrates. Izvi zvinogona kuva polychaetes, bryozoans, ciliates, anemones, uye coelenterates golovozhabernye mollusks, echinoderms diki Starfish. Mining vakabata nenzara pamusoro heliforah. Ivowo adonhe uye zvimedu nezvokudya mumuromo make.

megalomania

Handizvo kare Antarctic mvura hofori gungwa dandemutande yakawanikwa. By kudzidza nomumwe, vatsvakurudzi akataura risingazivikanwi chakajairika, unonzi polar gigantism. Nokuti vamwe, sezvo asi vasingazivikanwi chikonzero, nechando mvura Antarctica anotendeuka zvavo mhando gungwa madandaude ari Hofori. Pamwe mutoro kunowedzera kukura reokisijeni, izvo zviri mumvura inotonhora kupfuura kudziya.

It Vakawana kuti gigantomania mu Arctic mvura musatendera chete madandaude, asi vamwe molluscs, crustaceans uye echinoderms. Investigations zviri kuramba.

"Starfish uye Spider"

Unofunga ticharamba kukurukura marongerwo uye upenyu mhuka marina? Asi iwe kururama! Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro zvinonakidza bhuku, rinotsanangura nheyo nokubudirira makambani siyana uye masangano. Vamwe vavo tsika, akafanana madandaude: tsoka dzavo varikukura kubva mubhokisi, musoro uye maziso. Vanogona kushanda, kurasikirwa chikamu gumbo kana kunyimwa nameso ake, asi akasiya asina musoro - kufa.

Chimwe chinhu Starfish, muviri wake anotarisa vanhuwo Zvisinei, asi akasiyana zvikuru Mabasa: musoro uye kuuropi hwemhuka haisi zvachose, uye zvikuru mitumbi inodzokororwa neimwe richiripo. Uyezve, kana nyeredzi akatema muzvidimbu izvozvo ichadzorerwa. Kunyange kana isu Akacheka gungwa yakaisvonaka wandei zvikamu, hazvina kuzofa, uye pashure kwechinguva sezvikamu kuzvimirira mhuka. Kutaura zvazviri, muenzaniso mhuka iyi nedzimwe vanogona kufunga makambani kuti ushande saizvozvo decentralized network.

Bhuku "Starfish uye Spider" - muenzaniso yokuti zvose zvakasikwa anonzwisisa wakajeka, uye vazhinji mitemo pakukura zvinobatsira muupenyu dzimwe nzvimbo nemabasa evanhu.