Sei kugadzira ftp zvengarava? Chii ftp-pachiteshi?

Ftp zvengarava nhasi mureza shanduro humboo kuburikidza siyana TCP network, kusanganisira Indaneti, uye rinowanikawo. protocols izvi anoshandiswa kakawanda kukopa ose pawebsite kana magwaro nemashoko private kukura mano kuti siyana rakazaruka Hosting servers.

Ndezvipi?

Ftp zvengarava dzinovakwa zvachose pamusoro "nemhosva-Server" mapurani, uye nokudaro dzinosanganisira kushandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana samambure kwokubatana kuti nhepfenyuro mirayiro kana mashoko pakati server kuti nemhosva. Vatengi vanoshandisa shanduro iyi dzakati runogona authentication nzira, anopfuura Username uye pasiwedhi pachena wenyaya. Kana, kana yakabva Server mamiriro anogona batanidza anonymously. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inopa mukana wokuti kushandisa SSH dzakati, chinopa takachengetedzwa date kuchinjirwa, kuvanza pasiwedhi uye Login, uye mberi encrypting yose mukati.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Wokutanga yeGmail.END_STRONG zvikumbiro kuti kushandisa ftp zvengarava, chinhu vatambi murayiro-mutsetse mudziyo umo nemarongerwo uye mirayiro mureza chaitwa. The graphical mushandisi inowanikwa kubva nguva dzave akagadzirirwa dzakasiyana-siyana uchishandisa hurongwa, izvo kushandiswa nanhasi, uye zvikurukuru zvinokosha kuziva pakati interfaces izvi, zvinonyatsorehwa Web Design munowanika Microsoft Chiratidzo.

Ftp zvengarava nhasi tiri mumwe mukuru mitemo, nokuti akaonekwa 1971, asati TCP / IP uye HTTP. Pakutanga, raishandiswa chete pamusoro NCP, asi kuti kudanana chikumbiro chacho ari kushingaira kuparadzira kwokupa-siyana software, uyewo kuenda kure nezvinhu.

Sei zvakasiyana HTTP?

Port ftp default rakanyatsojeka inopenya chepfungwa - ndiko kushandiswa vakawanda kubatana. Muchiitiko ichi mumwe mugero uyu nyaya rinoshandiswa senzira kuzvidzora, uye kuburikidza akapiwa Server mirayiro uye mhinduro dziri vakadzoka kubva pairi. Mushure channel dzasara rinoitwa zvakananga uchatamisa kutsvakwa mashoko, sezvamakaropafadzwa mumwe mugero rinoshandiswa pana mumwe hutachiwana.

Chikonzero ichi, kana ukashandisa default ftp port, panguva imwe chete kunopa mawa kupararira vakawanda mafaira kwakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo neimwe nzira richangomuka yayo TCP pachiteshi, iyo anosarudza nhamba manually pedyo nemhosva kana Server rwoga anosarudza, zvichienderana nokuti nokupfuuridzirwa muoti inoshandiswa.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira?

Binary nzira iri achitaurwa nevanopinda kuchinjwa hwaro, achishandisa ftp Protocol. Zvengarava kwakadai nokuda ichi kunogona kuderedza ari panhongonya motokari, uyewo kuderedza nguva inodiwa kuti kupanana ruzivo muitiro tama mafaira makuru. HTTP dzakati nemanyorerwo zvakadaro necessitates yeEncoding mashoko binary murugwaro muchimiro chinogona kuitwa, somuenzaniso, nokushandisa imwe unyanzvi algorithm Base64.

Kushandisa mureza ftp chiteshi, kuti nemhosva akatanga chikamu yechirongwa, uye zvinhu zvose hunotevedzana chichaitwa yatova mariri. Nemamwe mashoko, Server pakutanga rinochengeta mamiriro uye anoramba pane pamwero. Panguva iyoyowo apo pakushandisa HTTP dzakati, ndangariro kwakadaro asipo, sezvo chinangwa Protocol ichi chinongova date kuchinjirwa, achibva akanganwa zvachose pamusoro oparesheni. Panyaya iyi, kana uchishandisa HTTP stateful protocols chinozoiswa nedzimwe ruzivo zvisingakwanisi chokuita dzakati ichi.

Ungazviita sei?

Basa iri ftp dzakati chinozoiswa panguva pokushandisa rukoko of OSI muenzaniso uye rinoshandiswa wokushandura humboo uchishandisa TCP / IP. Kuti izvi zvidaro, pakutanga kuda kumhanya ftp-Server kuti achateerera kuti kuuya zvikumbiro. Kana mutengi anofanira kukwanisa vakazvimiririra nhengo Server uchishandisa chengarava nhamba 21. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti akwirwe akadaro achagara akazaruka kusvikira chirongwa chapera. The Kubatana yechipiri akazarura Server chengarava nhamba 20 kusvika kuchiteshi chengarava anoshandisa nemhosva inonzi kushingaira rudzi, kana zvinogona rakazaruka mutengi zvakananga kubva chero yakakunakira chiteshi kusvika runoenzanirana Server pachiteshi. Izvi zvinonzi pusa rudzi uye kunodiwa kuti uchatamisa faira.

Uchishandisa kuzvidzora nokuyerera rinoitwa kuti imwe pachirongwa. Somuenzaniso, shinda vakadaro uchipinda kushandiswa nedanho mukutsinhana pakati server kuti yeGmail.END_STRONG ose mavara echivande kana zvikwata, akadai telnet dzakati kana zvinoshanda. Saka, Somuenzaniso, chikwata «RETR filename" achaita kuchinjwa yakananga faira kubva Server kusvika nemhosva. Nokuda kuti paumbwe yakadaro hunyambiri-pachiteshi ftp chivako zvevakomana anoonekwa kuti vneshnepolosnym dzakati, kusiyana HTTP, riri-bhendi.

Mamisirwo?

Kana usingazive kuti kuvhura chengarava ftp, unogona kuita kudaro nokushandisa FileZilla zvekuvaka sezvinotevera:

1. mhanya pacharo FileZilla pakutanga.
2. Zvino kuzarura "Site Manager", zvadaro abuda hwindo, baya bhatani "New Site".
3. On the "General" Tab kupinda: Inochengeta: iwe kushandisa nzvimbo; Server mhando: asi ftp kana FTPES (tinoratidza ekupedzisira), kupinda mhando, "Hwakanaka" kana "Chikumbiro pasiwedhi" (zvakare, rokupedzisira sarudzo ndiyo yakanakisisa nokuti password vachaponeswa, kunyange zvingava kuisa panguva yayo chiyamuro); User zita: kupinda mutsetse yenyu iyi ftp Login.
4. Zvino kuenda chinhu "Kutamisirwa Settings", uye ipapo sarudza chikamu "Kutamisirwa muoti" Ipfungwa "pusa".
5. Panopera Click on "Connect" bhatani.

Zvino imi munoita chengarava vorega ftp, kubatana kwenyu rinoumbwa uye mudura "nzvimbo maneja", uye iwe unogona kurishandisa panguva nokungwara kwako.

Anonymous dzakati

Wehondo inopa ftp-basa, kana zvichikodzera, anogona kupa vanoshandisa ane zvachose kusazivikanwa kuwana. Muchiitiko chino, vanoshandisa pakutanga kuwira pasi sezvo kusazivikanwa. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hurongwa zvinogona kuva nyaya-inoshanda pane zvimwe servers. Kunyange zvazvo Ruzhinji rwakapindura kacho vanhu vari akakumbira kupinda tsambambozha kero dzavo panzvimbo pasiwedhi, kutaura zvazviri, ari hurongwa haasi kuita chero macheki, uye danho iri, chokwadi, hakuna madikanwa.

Most ftp-wehondo vanovakurudzira zvakasiyana-siyana-software reserved, kazhinji vanoda kuramba mukana kusazivikanwa kuwana.

Nat-PT dzakati

Zvakananga kuti kubvumira kushandisa ftp kuburikidza vakazvitsaurira firewalls, kwakasarudzwa kushandisa unyanzvi hwakasiyana Nat chisarudzo, iyo anonziwo Nat-PT unyanzvi. With zvichibvira pasina dambudziko uchatamisa ane kuuya kubatana kuti yeGmail.END_STRONG kubva Server, nekuti nedanho Nat anogona chinzvimbo mashoko chinopfuudzwa kubva yeGmail.END_STRONG inotaridza Server yakarurama chiteshi uye kero nayo achakwanisa batanidza, uye ipapo kutanga nhepfenyuro kubatana kubva Server kuti kero nemhosva yacho.

Pasinei kumbonyanya vazhinji-siyana zviyero uye zvakagadzirwa kuti vakagamuchirwa kutsigira ftp, pamaitiro, kushandisa Nat-PT vanosarudza chokukuvadza mashandiro zvakasiyana-siyana routers kana routers kuitira kupa mamwe kudzivirira dzakasiyana-siyana-wanda.