Seiko kuziva Chinese nevafungi izvi?

nyika yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe munyika nomumwe vaikudzwa upfumi musha munhu anonakidza tsika kwouzivi iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa mutsika dzokuMadokero. Uye pasina, nekuti zvikoro izvi kwepfungwa vasingawanzova dzinopikisana akaenda ruoko wakarebesa nhoroondo chichiitwa nemagariro munyika.

chikoro chitsva Mumwe nomumwe pfungwa inobva kwaainge pfungwa kuti nhasi rinoita Chinese muuzivi chinoramba ngetani pfungwa nouzivi. pfungwa idzi vakava hwaro zvinoshamisa inoshanda yokusvika upenyu, mumagariro kukura, kukura pakunamata, uyewo enyika uye zvoupfumi zvakanaka fronts.

Heino mazita mukuru uye simba zvikuru nevafungi gumi ari Chinese munhoroondo. Vamwe vakazvinzwa zvose, uye vamwe havana zvinenge sezvo nevakawanda mutsika dzokuMadokero, asi ivo vari zviripo kuona, kana chete kunzwisisa tsika Kushanduka vokuChina.

Lao Tzu (VI-V remakore BC)

vazivi ichi kunozivikanwa nevafungi vaiti anenge ngano unhu. Lao Tzu aiva muvambi chiTao. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kubvira kare nemaonero, kuvapo racho akabvunza, uzivi anofungisisa kwaari muvambi rimwe zvikuru zvikoro Eastern.

ChiTao anodana kusiya hondo pakati zvakapesana, vachidanidzira kuti kuyanana kwavo. Lao Tzu waitsigira asiri kunetsana chisarudzo zvichemo, izvo, zvisinei, hachisi chiratidzo chokusava nesimba, asi aiva nechido nounyanzvi zvinhu pasina mamiriro ezvinhu ari nyanzvi iwe. Imwe yakakurumbira inoti Lao anoti: "Kuti tirarame zvakanaka, havafaniri kuziva kwamunobva uye chii yakakumirira pashure porufu."

Confucius (551-479 gg. BC)

Hazvibviri kutanga kukurukura pamusoro Chinese uzivi uye tisingatauri Confucius. Muvambi chiConfucian, akasvina dzidziso ake akava dzidziso pehurumende uye vakapararira kufanana zvikuru sezvo chiBhudha kuIndia. mitemo yake mufambiro nokuda madzimambo, namakurukota, navabati, masoja, vanhuwo zvavo uye varanda vakanga hwaro nokuda ishande vokuChina emakore.

ChiConfucian kunobva mazano dzetsika, Humanism, nezvetsika uye kuva nomwero. Mashoko ake yakakurumbira "Usaita vamwe zvamunoda angasada woga" kare wakapfuurira pfuma yenyika uchenjeri.

Mo Tzu (468-391 gg. BC)

Muvambi moizma - dzidziso yezvisikwa rudo, renunciation akunde nzendo uye zveupfumi, akasika dzidziso kuti kwenguva refu somukwikwidzi pakati chiConfucian kuti musoro wehurumende.

Mo Tzu kutanga akazivisa pfungwa consequentialism, kureva kukosha zvabuda. Kana chiito kana kusiya kunobatsira, ipapo akarurama. Naizvozvo, vazhinji pfungwa dzake zvinoratidzwa gare gare chiConfucian uye pamurairo.

Kuparidza unbiased rudo vanhu vose, pasinei norudzi uye chinzvimbo, Mo Tzu akati: "Kana ari pakati pavanhu Kudanana, ipapo pasina pane akakuvenga."

Shang Yang (390-338 gg. BC)

Chinese yokutungamirira, political theorist uye muvambi wechikoro revateveri vemutemo, Shang Yang waitsigira neHurumende yakavakirwa kuitika nezvido uye vachifarira centralization uye isimbe.

Pashure kuitwa dzidziso dzaro kuchinja maererano nezvinodiwa revateveri vemutemo Shang Yang akagamuchira yakakwirira munzanga uye simba, asi kuchinja pachigaro choushe kwakatungamirira aurayiwe munhu anofunga, iyo, zvisinei, haana kukanganisa kukurumbira dzidziso dzake. Akanga akazvipira kune meritocracy, mitemo yakaoma uye mitero. Shang Yang vakati kuti "hurumende hurumende achibatsirwa kunyatsoomerera chirango kunotungamirira kuti vanhu vanotya uye regai mhosva." Shang Yang akanga chaizvoizvo musiki muenzaniso ane utongi mamiriro rokutanga.

Mencius (372-289 gg. BC)

Yakakurumbira pashure Confucius pachake anofunga uye mumiririri chiConfucian. Iye akarondedzera pfungwa kuti hazvina kutaurwa zvizere chiConfucian, dzakadai nokukwana evanhu uye uchenjeri tsika maitiro. Mencius aiva chipo chinokosha rokunyengetedza, uye saka akashanda vehurumende, zvichisimudzira chiConfucia. Akakwanisa kuziva uye muchidimbu dzinokosha tsika dzemunharaunda dzidziso: uchenjeri, vanhu, kururamisira uye tichiremekedza tsika.

Chzhan Hen (makore 78-139 BC.)

musayendisiti ichi erudite uye akangwara akanga yakakurumbira anofunga. Pazera makore 55, akava mumwe matanhatu machinda ose China uye wokutanga kushandisa rectangular batanidza maitiro neSvondo, uyewo zvakarurama akatsanangura chikonzero mwedzi inopenya. Akasika wokutanga China wokuenzanisira zvakasikwa, imwe odometer uye seismograph, uye akapa kupfuura yakarurama panguva kukosha "Pi". Zvinosuruvarisa dzidziso dzake uye vafunga chete vakachengetedzwa zvimedu, asi Chzhan Hen akateerera zvikuru dzidzo uye ruzivo.

Hui Neng (638-713 gg. BC)

Rechitanhatu wokupedzisira Patriarch pamusoro Zen chiBuddha, Hui Neng aiva munyori chete Chinese sutra muchiBuddha, pasinei nokuti Patriarch pachake kumbobvira dzidzo yokuchikoro uye kwainzi kuverenga nokunyora.

vadzidzi vake vakaramba kushanda pakusika vakasiyana zvikoro anoverengeka chiBuddha, kureva Chan uye Zen. Hui Neng aiva adherent kuti "kusingatarisirwi kuvhenekerwa" uye akati: ". Kungoerekana nokupenya uchenjeri kunogona kuparadza makore zviuru gumi nokusaziva"

Chzhu Si (1130-1200 biennium).

Mumwe havaoni uye ideologists pakati Neo-chiConfucian, izvo richibatanidza zvetsika Confucian pfungwa pamwe muBuddha uye Taoist zvinofurira. Akaripira zvishoma kuteerera pfungwa Confucius, Achivakira itsva kuitika kwayo pamusoro mabhuku mana rakanyorwa Confucius nevadzidzi vake. Nemhaka basa Chzhu Si Neo-chiConfucian akawana chinzvimbo huru mamiriro dzematongerwe muna China, Korea uye Japan. Akati kuti "zivo, asi isingadzorwi kwakafanana mukusaziva."

Mao Tszedun (1893-1976 biennium).

Mutungamiri Communist Party of China uye sachigaro Chinese vanhu Republic, Mao Tszedun aiva muvambi kupfuura yakabudiswa mubhuku munhoroondo mashoko. uzivi ake rinozivikanwa Maoism, zvikabatanidzwa pfungwa Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism, chiTao uye chiConfucian, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kushandisa dzidziso iyi kune Semi-feudal, Semi-yaitonga China zvokurima. Nhasi, Maoism mumwe mbiru nhatu dzidziso Chinese Communist Party.

Den Syaopin (1904-1997 biennium).

The mutsivi Mao akagadzira mashoko "DENA Syaopina Nemuromo" achaunza pamwe pfungwa gutsaruzhinji uye musika upfumi rakashama. Zvinhu zvikuru Xiaoping mupiro kuna wepanguva China kukura enyika zvinosanganisira pfungwa "gutsaruzhinji ine Chinese maitiro", "kuchinja uye kuudza gwara," uye "nyika imwe chete maviri hurongwa". kuchinja ake nezviito rinowanzoshandiswa ndiye zvemashoko dizzying zvoupfumi kuwedzera China.