Seizvi Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia: Biography hwake, mapikicha

Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, ane Biography ndiyo nyaya ino, akararama nguva refu uye, ndinofunga, upenyu hunofadza. basa rake akasiya yakadzika chiratidzo kwete chete munhoroondo yeRussian Church Orthodox, asiwo mumwoyo yevanhu vazhinji. Zvichida ndokusaka, pashure mupristi afa vanhu vasingagoni kutenda, uye kuti urarame ake Nokufamba, uye achiri ari achiparadzira munharaunda shanduro Patriarch seizvi Alexy II akaurayiwa. Uyu murume akanga zvakawanda zvokuita muupenyu hwake mabasa akanaka, kuti kukosha wacho mumakore hakuna kuderera.

mavambo

Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, uyo Biography kumarudzi akawanda chokuita echechi yeRussian Orthodox, akaberekwa musi waFebruary 23, 1929 mumhuri kujairika muguta Tallinn. The tateguru mupristi nezveramangwana mumazuva rokutonga Catherine II vakagamuchirwa Orthodoxy ainzi Fedor. Akanga Kazhinji, munhu akakurumbira nomukurumbira uye wavarwi. Kubva ichi hondo gamba muna 1812 uye akaenda akaberekwa Russian Riediger.

Sekuru vatateguru ramangwana akakwanisa kutora mhuri yake kusvika Hottest nguva Revolution kubva St. Petersburg kusvika Estonia. baba Alexia vake kudzidza zvakakurumbira Imperial College of Law, asi akatotanga akapedza zvidzidzo ake muEstonia. Akabva vakamboshanda wedzimhosva muna Tallinn, akaroora mwanasikana Colonel wehondo tsarist. Mune semhuri akatonga vabereki Orthodox Alexia vaiva nhengo mberi kwebasa RSCM (Russian Movement Christian Student). Vaiitawo nharo dzechitendero, akashanyira dzemamongi vakaenda basa mutemberi. Apo Alex muduku, baba vake vakatanga kudzidza kubva makosi somufudzi, apo akasangana nababa vake John, uyo akazova baba mukomana pakunamata.

Mhuri aiva tsika kupedza zhizha pazororo kunonamata kuti dzemamongi siyana. Panguva iyoyo Alexis hwose Pühtitsa aida ndokugarapo. Muna 1940, baba Alexis vake akagadzwa mudhikoni. Kubvira 1942, akashanda ari Kazan mukereke Tallinn uye makore 20 kubatsira vanhu kuwana Mwari.

udiki

Kubva achiri muduku, remangwana Patriarch pamusoro Moskovskiy Aleksy akabhabhatidzwa mumhepo rezvitendero, waiva mukuru musimboti pakugadzirwa kwaari zvokunamata. Kubva makore 6 okuberekwa akatanga kubatsira mubasa temberi. Vabereki uye baba zvokunamata vakauya mukomana mumweya tsika dzechiKristu, akakura ari mwana akanaka, vanoteerera. Times vaiva nesimba, mhuri iri pakutanga Second World War vakatyisidzira vachiendeswa kuSiberia chakangomuka German. Riediger aifanira kuviga. Munguva yehondo, baba vangu vakatora naye Alyosha ari kushanyira vasungwa mumisasa vakatamira Germany vanhu.

achidana

Yose yakapoteredza mhuri Riediger maiva makazara chitendero, mwana vakanwa kubva pauduku. Aida uye aiziva yechechi, kunyange airidza navo mitambo yavo. confessor ake ave achishingaira vakatsigira vomukomana okutorwa mwoyo Faith Orthodox. Muna 1941, remangwana Patriarch seizvi Alexy 2 anova mukomana atari, achibatsira mudhikoni - baba vake. Ipapo makore anoverengeka kushumira mumachechi akasiyana-siyana Tallinn. The njodzi Alexis Chokwadi, chakafanorongwa kubva pakuzvarwa, akanga 5 makore dzaiwanika chete pachipfuva kereke.

Muna 1947, ramangwana Holiness Rake 2 anopinda Leningrad kuseminari, rakundwa zvakananga kupinda kirasi yechitatu nokuda yakakwirira dzidzo uye kurovedza. Muna 1949 akapinda Leningrad Theological Academy. Panguva iyi, akararamazve yedzidzo zvitendero zvimhare kuwedzera, rinotipa yepamusoro dzidzo kuna Alex. Aiva mudzidzi akanaka kwazvo, ose vadzidzisi akaona nehanya kwake uye kukomba. Akanga asina kuvhiringidzika mupfungwa uye kutsvaka, akanga aine chokwadi nokutenda kwake uye basa rake.

yomupristi upenyu

Asi akawanda zvidzidzo panguva Academy A. Riediger inopfuura externally. Leningrad Gregory Metropolitan akakoka jaya kuti kugadzwa vasati vapedza. Akakokwa anoverengeka basa zvokusarudza, akasarudza nzvimbo Rector pamusoro Epiphany Church mutaundi Jõhvi. Kubva ipapo, aigona kushanyira kazhinji vabereki uye kuenda chikoro. Muna 1953 iye kudzidza chikoro uye akava anoda kubhabhatidzwa zvechitendero. Muna 1957 akatamisirwako kubva akaoma yeko pamusoro Jõhvi paYunivhesiti Tartu. Saka remangwana Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, makore oupenyu zvichawanikwa chokuita basa rechitendero, akatanga nzira mupristi.

mugove wayo akawira zvakare dzakaoma. Church of kubvuma, rakanga akagadzwa Alexis, yakanga yasakara, zviremera havana kutsigira namaoko yechitendero, taifanira kushanda zvakaoma, taura vanhu, nokumira basa, enda kuchechi. mupristi ruzivo vakasarudza kutsvaka kubatsirwa Mufundisi Mukuru Alexis I, uyo aibatsira rokugadzirisa uye akaropafadza namesake. Muna 1958, Alexis anova archpriest, uye wedhipatimendi Tartu-Viljandi County. Muna 1959, mupristi akafa mai vangu, uye izvi zvakaita kuti kuitwa monasticism. Akatanga nezvazvo akadaro chiito, uye ikozvino pakupedzisira nekusimbiswa chinangwa chake.

bhishopu Way

Muna 1961, remangwana Bhishopi seizvi Alexy II (pikicha naye kakawanda aigona kuonekwa pakudzokorora kwevatariri nenhume wokumwe Russia) anopiwa kugadzwa itsva. Anova Bishop pamusoro Tallinn uye Estonia, uyewo kwenguva akamuita kuti hutonge Riga diocese. Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia rikwanise kuperevedza vaduku vashandi vakadzidza, kunyanya kubva iye relives rwakapoteredza itsva yokutambudzwa muRussia. Rokugadza, akumbirwa Alexis chakaitirwa muImba Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Tallinn. Pakarepo bhishopu muduku anogamuchira kudanwa nezviremera. chechi yake yainorongwa kuvhara machechi akawanda nemhaka "maturo" uye kufarira Pyuhittsky Monastery kupa zororo kumba miners. Zvinodiwa rokukurumidzira uye simba matanho.

Alexis anoronga Kushanya kakawanda mikuru yokumwe nenhume mu yeko ake uye yemamongi, somugumisiro dzokuMadokero nevezvenhau kuonekwa mabhuku nezvake, nokuti gore pano akanga akapindwa vamiririri masangano ezvitendero zvinenge zvose zvenyika, zviremera aifanira yokuupa, uye kuvhara zviri wemamongi asisiri kumutswa. Pyuhittsky yemamongi Vongai kuitwa Alexis akava nzvimbo kushanyirwa uye kutaurirana pakati vamiririri vekereke ose European.

Alexis vakashumira Tallinn chakaita kuti kota remakore. Panguva ino akanga yekudyidzana akasimbisa pano Church Orthodox atara yakawanda mabhuku, kusanganisira mutauro wokuEstonia. Ake kuita wapa vazhinji temberi mudunhu, kusanganisira Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, iyo refu akashanda se baba Alex, uyo akafa muna 1962, Kazan Church mu Tallinn. Asi anoparadzirwa uye zvinoitwa vakuru vakaita basa ravo; uwandu vatendi ava zvishoma nezvishoma payakaramba kumisha akaramba achishingaira machechi, Archimandrite akaripira zviri mari yechechi.

Muna 1969, Alex akaisa mamwe kushumira sezvo Metropolitan pamusoro Leningrad uye Novgorod.

Church uye upenyu paruzhinji

Alexis nguva dzose aifamba chaizvo mune parishes dzavo naMwari mabasa nechinangwa kuitisa kumbokurukura vatendi, simbisa zvavo mweya. Panyaya iyi, ramangwana Patriarch chaizvo nguva akapa pachena basa. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, ivo diocesan basa, haana kuramba kure upenyu hwose yeOrthodox. Muna 1961, remangwana Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, Photo izvo unogona kuona munyaya, ari nhengo nhume echechi yeRussian Orthodox muna World Council of Churches Assembly. Iye paChikoro basa masangano nomukurumbira vakadai Conference of European Churches, kwaaishanda kwemakore anopfuura 25, pakupedzisira achiva sachigaro Presidium, Rhodes Pan-Orthodox Conference, masangano runyararo, chidimbu Soviet Peace Fund, Fund pamusoro necheSalvic mabhuku uye necheSalvic mutsika. Kubvira muna 1961, akashanda se mutevedzeri sachigaro Department kuti External Church Relations of Moscow Patriarchate. Muna 1964 akava chanzera of Moscow Patriarchate uye anoita chaizvozvo kwemakore 22.

Muna 1989, Alexis akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri of USSR uye pakuchengetedza National tsika, mutauro, kudzivirira munhoroondo nhaka.

chigaro chaBhishopi

Muna 1990, Pimen akafa, uye Local Council vakasangana kuti vasanangurwa musoro itsva yekereke Russian, uye pakanga pasina kubhabhatidzwa kupfuura Alexis. Russian Patriarch akagadzwa 10 June 1990 panguva Epiphany Cathedral muMoscow. In kero yake kuungano, akati kuti zvaanoona sezvo chinangwa chayo chikuru nokusimbaradza basa nomudzimu wenhumbi eKereke. Aidavira kuti aifanira kuwedzera nhamba temberi, kusanganisira kudiwa kushanda munzvimbo yevasungwa, kupa vanhu rubatsiro yokunamata munzira kururamiswa. Okuchembera zvemagariro munzanga, chechi yaifanira kushandiswa kusimbisa nzvimbo yayo, uye Alex ainyatsoziva nayo.

Nokuti dzimwe nguva tateguru akapfuurira kushanda bhishopu Leningrad uye Tallinn diocese. Muna 1999, akatora basa rokutarisira vokuJapan yeOrthodox. Paaiita basa rake, Patriarch aifamba chaizvo kuna parishes, akaita basa, akapa kuna pakuvaka machechi. Makore ose dzaakashanyira 88 dioceses, temberi 168 vatsvene, akatora zviuru pupuro.

voruzhinji nzvimbo

Seizvi Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia, kubvira vachiri vaduku akasiyana zvakasimba chinzvimbo. Akaona basa rake kwete chete kushumira Mwari, asi ari kukurudzira Orthodoxy. Akanga nechokwadi kuti vaKristu vose vanofanira kubatana basa rokudzidzisa. Alex aidavira kuti kereke inofanira pamwe nemasimba, kunyange zvazvo iye akata- kutambudzwa nezviremera Soviet, asi pashure perestroika akatsvaka noukama hwakanaka utungamiriri nyika kushanda pamwe kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda ehurumende.

Chokwadi, nguva dzose Patriarch akadzivirira underdog, akanga achiparidza rakawanda rudo basa uye vakabatsira kuti muchechi dzakagoverawo rubatsiro kune vanoshayiwa. Muchiitiko chino, Alexis rave ataura kuzorwa vanhu vane zvakasiyana zvebonde zviito uye noushamwari akatenda meya Moscow kurambidza ngochani achimisa, akadana ungochani yakaipa kuti anoparadza chinyakare dzemunharaunda zvavanhu.

Church uye munzanga kushanduka pasi Patriarch

Seizvi Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow uye Russia All, akatanga basa rake somunhu chokwadi kuti akaita achiziva dzakaoma mamiriro kereke nehurumende kuitika munyika. Akaita zvakawanda kuwedzera basa kereke munyika yacho zvematongerwo enyika, zviri pamusoro ndima yokutanga vanhu ehurumende ari kushanyira chokurangaridza uye dzokuzvinatsa zviitiko. Alex akaita zvakawanda kuti chechi simba yakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko maBhishopu 'Council, kuderedza democratization marongerwo yechechi. Panguva iyoyowo zvaakaita kuti zvakawedzera kuzvionera kuti munhu kumatunhu ari Russian Federation.

Patriarch makodzero

Seizvi Alexy, Patriarch Vose Russia, kuti yeRussian Orthodox Church akaita Anopfuura wokutanga panzvimbo nekuvongwa iye kereke shure kwazvo rinoitirwa. Ndiye vakabatsira kuti nhasi chechi wokuRussia izere vomuchechi, kuti chitendero razova zvakare yaizivikanwa chikamu upenyu vokuRussia. Uyewo, akanga ava kukwanisa kubata zviri wenharaunda yaitongwa yeRussian Church rinoti vakava yakazvimirira somugumisiro pokuwa USSR. basa rake sezvo Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia akava chinokosha kwakabatsira pave Orthodoxy, kuti vawedzere kukosha kwayo munyika. Alexis aiva sachigaro wedare mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos zuro, nhasi, nokusingaperi." Muna 2007, somugumisiro ake kuita akanga asaina "Ita Dzechokwadi zvokugoverana", iro raireva kuti reunification echechi yeRussian Orthodox uye yeRussian Church Kunze Kwenyika. Alex akakwanisa kudzoka wakafara muitiro mudungwe dzechitendero, izvozvo zvinoita kuti kuwana zvisaririra zvevasande zhinji, dzakadai Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. Iye nekaviri nhamba dioceses muRussia, nhamba parishes kupetwa katatu nhamba machechi muMoscow yakawedzera kupfuura ka40, kana asati kugadzirisa nyika yakanga chete 22 wemamongi, kubudikidza 2008 paitova 804 zvikuru ukoshi tateguru akapa dzidzo kereke, izvozvo yekudyidzana zvakawedzera zvikoro zvinoverengeka pane nhanho dzose munyika, uyewo aiva akanaka kwakabatsira zvirongwa kudzidza, vasina anofungidzirwa kuti nyika yakati chechetere.

chinokudza

Seizvi Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia, nokuti mabasa ake akanga paakavapa kakawanda zvose zvenyika uye Ecclesiastical masimba. Akanga pamusoro 40 varayirwa uye Medals echechi yeRussian Orthodox, kusanganisira avo kukudzwa, sezvo Order of St. Andrew pamwe nedhaimani nyeredzi, Unorudzi Grand Duke Vladimir, ari Order of St. Alexis, Dmitriya Solunskogo menduru, sezvakarayirwa Grigoriya Pobedonostsa of weOrthodox Church.

hurumende yeRussia rave kakawanda akaona matunhu zvemashoko tateguru mibayiro, kusanganisira Order chokuita nokuda Yababa, sezvakarayirwa ushamwari hwevanhu, nokuraira Red Banner of Labor. Double seizvi Alexy akanga paakavapa State Prize pamusana kunoshamisa kubudirira mumunda dzavanhu basa, aiva nokukudzwa uye kuonga kubva President of Russian Federation.

Alexis aivawo zvakawanda mibayiro kubva kune dzimwe nyika, bonuses, Badge Kukudzwa uye Medals nemasangano paruzhinji.

Uyezve, iye honorary mugari maguta anopfuura 10 uye aiva chiremba 4 mumayunivhesiti munyika honorary.

Care uye chengetedzo

December 5, 2008 kupararira munyika chinosuruvarisa nhau: Patriarch seizvi Alexy akafa 2. Chikonzero rufu - mwoyo kukundikana. Patriarch mashoma apfuura kwave nezvinetso zvakakomba nemoyo, iye kunyange chokugara yakavakwa erevheta kusimudza pasi wechipiri kumubatsira ichengetedzwe mupfungwa. Zvisinei, munhau inenge pakarepo paiva shanduro kupondwa atateguru.

Asi uchapupu kufungirana izvi zvakanga zvisina, saka, zvose akaramba pachiyero makuhwa. Vanhu kuzvitenda kuti paiva munhu akadaro, uye saka vakaedza kuwana chaikonzera pakutambudzika kwake. mariro Patriarch muna Moscow kwakaita Cathedral Kristu Muponesi, uye akavigwa Chechi Epiphany.

Vanhu vanenge pakarepo vakatanga kushamisika: Patriarch seizvi Alexy II somusande kana kwakaverengwa? Chero bedzi haapinduri, sezvo canonization - chinhu kunzwisisa uye dzakareba muitiro.

Patriarch ndangariro akanga immortalized mune mazita mumaraibhurari, dzinoungana, muchimiro pazvivako, plaques, vanoverengeka sezvivako.

zvakavanzika

Patriarch seizvi Alexy 2, chinokonzera rufu, izvo haana chete mukana kukurukura ake unhu, upenyu, mabasa, kuziva zvakawanda. runyerekupe Vazhinji rinoparadzirwa nezveukama hwake pamwe KGB, Alexia chaitonzi muimbi zvinokosha mabasa. Kunyange pakanga pasina uchapupu kunyumwira kwakadaro.

Chimwe nyaya iri inofarirwa vanhuwo: kana mupristi akanga akaroora. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mabhishopi haagoni kuva vakadzi, sezvo ivo vari pasi kusawana. Asi pamberi mamongi, vaprista vazhinji vaiva mhuri, uye akanga asiri chipingamupinyi kwavo Ecclesiastical basa. Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, mukadzi waiva yake mudzidzi makore, haana anotaurwa ake ruzivo mhuri. Vanotsvakurudza vanoti muchato uyu Vera Alexeeva akanga zvachose kusununguka. Aifanira chete kudzivisa masimba kukurudzira A. Ridiger muchiuto.

About hwevatambi upenyu Patriarch anozivikanwa zvishoma. Iye aifarira kuverenga, nguva dzose aishanda nesimba. Alexis akanyora mabhuku anopfuura 200 pasi dzidziso. Iye achinyatsogona Estonian, German, uye akataura zvishoma muna Chirungu. Akararama uye akafa yake yaaida kugara Peredelkino, apo akanzwa hwomutambarakede uye akarega.