Kuzvinyima: chii? Misimboti vazviomesere

kurudziro yake zvose zvemarudzi dzidziso dzechitendero uye dzouzivi harisi chete. Saka, muna dualistic dzidziso funga materiality muviri sezvo "mujeri mweya", austerity akaita senzira yokukurira nyama, kubva yayo kusunungurwa (kunyanya dzidziso syncretic yechitendero sezvo Manichaeism), ukuwo Vatsoropodzi iye chinorondedzerwa pfungwa rusununguko kubva kuruzhinji ukama zvinodiwa.

Saka, nyaya ichakurukurwa chinhu chakadai vazviomesere (ndiko, pfungwa dzake, mitemo). Kumboda zvazvinoita pamusoro wayo chikamu kwouzivi.

Kuzvinyima: chii?

Kubva rechiGiriki rinoshandurwa kuti "maekisesaizi". Izvi musimboti mutsika, izvo zvinoda vanhu kuzvinyima, kudzvinyirira ane nyama nokuchiva, kurega mafaro enyika, makomborero vabudirire zvimwe zvinangwa munzanga uye mutsika kuzvidzora pakukwana.

Saka, takadzidza pamusoro vazviomesere (chii), zvino tinorasikirwa kuenda nyaya yake. Zvinobatsira kuziva sei pfungwa iyi akaonekwa kuMiddle Ages.

History of pfungwa

In pre-Marxist dzidziso yetsika yekuti kufara kazhinji rinosiyaniswa Epicureanism uye hedonism. Midzi yawo kudzokera chinyakare muvanhu: zvokunyama ezvinhu oupenyu kudiwa munhu mukuru kutsungirira mumuviri, kugona kutsungirira zvikuru zvakanyanyisa matambudziko. chinangwa ichi kwakaratidzwa kudiwa chaiwo tsika dzechitendero.

Somuenzaniso, achibatsirwa kudzidziswa tsika akaita vakatsaurira kuyaruka vose varume. setsika ichi yaisanganisira refu kutsanya, voga, pakunamata mazino uye nezvimwe zvinhu, akaitirwa kufuridzira vechiduku vaifunga nezvokukosha uchatamisa akawanda uye hwourombo.

Misimboti vazviomesere mukati vanhu kirasi akawana mirayiridzo yakasiyana mhando. The kuedza kwayo yokungotaura hwaro wokutanga kunogona kurondwa muzvitendero zvekare, kana kuti, zvinodzidziswa Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras dzechitendero uye gare gare chiKristu. Hwokuzvinyima sakaremende wakaonekwa ari kuenda yakakwirira yetsika zvakakwana ari KUKUNDA yomunhu zvokunyama musimboti, kukura nenhumbi pakunamata ( "kuwadzanazve Mwari," "Vairwadzisa nyama"). The chaiye evanhu kukosha musimboti ichi chaiva kuparadzira pfungwa kudiwa kuti renunciation upi chido zvazvakanakira, ayo woga maererano nemapoka mutongo wakakwana. Zvinokurudzira pfungwa austerity, izvo akaita chinhu Pfungwa chishandiso kupembedza boka hurongwa, pakatangwa nheyo dzayo. Somuenzaniso, Institute of monasticism dzine austerity vafundisi (kusawana zvinzvimbo, kuzvikuvadza), utsvene denderedzwa rechiedza yakaumbwa vakavapoteredza uye pfungwa yokurega zvimwe zvinhu vashandi vakawanda.

Religious vazviomesere paakatsoropodzwa kubudikidza ideologists ari echimurenga bourgeoisie (Humanism). Asi rokuchinjwa dzevanhu zvinodiwa mukati yechinangwa Bourgeois dzematongerwe ndiko kuzvipira dzinopesana. Mushure Declaration of Human Rights kuti mufaro, iyoyo Bourgeois muvanhu haana kupa mikana chaicho ichi, nokuda urombo, zvemagariro kusaruramisira, vamwe.

Kuti funga pfungwa kubva nemaonero uzivi

Kuzvinyima zvoruzivo - ichi hanya nyama nyika, impairing kuramba yayo nokuda ramangwana, nyika yomudzimu. In nyore chimiro, iye anoratidza Kuderedza kudzvinyirira chido uye matambudziko yokuzvidira, marwadzo, pakunogumira.

Kana isu funga zvikuru zvikuru zviitiko, pane kare vazviomesere zvinoda kusiya pfuma, mhuri, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kukoshesa yokumudzimu pamusoro zvenyama zvinhu, nyika yacho chaiyo zvakakwana.

More broadly, ine nhamba hwedzidziso yekurarama chikonzero, nokuti inobva huripo chaizvoizvo ari pfungwa nemaonero nyika maererano kuti maumbirwo nhengo dzayo, avo ukama. Akarumbidzwa zvikuru yakanaka nyika, inova chikamu musimboti pfungwa iyi, izvo zvinoreva chinhu chaizvo pamwero mukuru mvumo huru zvinokosheswa nenyika ino aripo chaizvoizvo.

Kuzvinyima: collectivist munzanga uye vemunharaunda

Iye anoita somumwe wavo chikuru zvatariswa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, ichi Ages vanhu, muKomonisiti, uye vamwe, apo rechipiri - chechi, munhu pevatongi bato kana vebato zvechitendero, hondo, mumwe.

Senzira collectivist nzanga vazviomesere akaonekwa rokutanga rinokosha zvishandiso kuti vanopa kuchinja kubva mumagariro kuti nzanga yakanaka, tingati, "Paradise kuDenga" kana "muParadhiso Pasi Pano".

zvinoumba austerity

Ane zvinhu uye divi pakunamata. Muchiitiko chokutanga, akaratidza kusafara kana nokumunyima pfuma, mhuri, kana kanenge rakapinza chaizvo depreciation yavo mumagariro basa, uyewo weboka zvinodiwa dzevanhu pamusoro chakagadzirwa uye chaivo vane kutanga pokuzvidza.

vazviomesere Spiritual zvaisanganisira Kurambwa dzakawanda pakunamata nevakangwara zvinodiwa kana kusimudzirwa nourombo pakunamata, uyewo Kuderedza kuita zvokunamata muupenyu ungwaru nguva, uye kuramba kwavo kodzero dzezvematongerwo. Muganhu pakati rokutanga uye rechipiri zvinoriumba hama.

The Ages vazviomesere

Aireva chibayiro zvose zvenyika nokuda dzakanga vokudenga, wemasikirwo yaivapo kuratidzirwa upenyu hwepasi, uyewo rutapudzo chenyika huru, zvinodzinetsa kushoma, kuderedza kukosha nyama dzevanhu vose upenyu, kuzvidzora kuratidza upenyu hwepasi pano, yose zvayo siyana, pfuma iri mifananidzo.

Maererano Augustine, kukwezvana kuti mafaro zvokudya, waini, hunonhuwirira, zvinoita, mavara, zvitarisiko, ngozi chaizvo, asi kwete vose, asi chete kana ivo vapedza pacharo, yakazvimirira tsime mafaro enyika. Chokwadi munhu anosika maoko ake amene, nguva dzose dzakanaka, asi chete saka kure sezvo ine zvinotevera mhedziso muna Ishe akanaka runako. Zvaidavirwa kuti maturo ruzivo muedzo kune ngozi kupfuura kunyange ruchiva venyama. Aiva chido chidzidzo hwenyika aionekwa se "kuchiva kwemaziso" kuziva, makaro, kuti "kuchinja mbatya" iri nguvo ruzivo uye nesayenzi. It raigona mvumo chete kana ichi vakashumira yechitendero zvinangwa, pamwe nokutenda.

The peculiarity wokuRussia vazviomesere

MuRussia yekare, akanga chinokosha vose vanoshumira yokunyika uye zvechitendero uye hwokuzvinyima upenyu (utsvene, vakuru, monasticism, upenzi). Russian vazviomesere hwokuratidza mavambo, iyo vakaratidza pasina unopinza kusiyana zvokunyama, zvenyika uye zvechitendero, zvichiita kuti kushaya kubva nyika, kuregawo navo.

Maererano V. V. Zenkovskogo, anoenda asina chero kuzvidzwa nyama, Kurambwa kwenyika uye yakajeka chiono pachena chokwadi kudenga, runako, izvo, rayo Kupenya inojekesa chokwadi kwakapararira munyika, nokudaro isu achirangarira zvizere kusunungurwa kubva muusungwa enyika. Its chinoita yakanaka chinhu, kwete kunaka, kureva austerity - zvinoreva nzira kutsveneswa, chitarisiko wenyika.

musimboti Its iri hwaro upenzi yekare, mabasa utsvene. Aripo panguva mufananidzo musande, mune mamwe mazwi, "Munhu waMwari", akanga akasiyana panyaya Western chiKristu uye tsika pakunamata Byzantine. The peculiarity wokuRussia mhando iri kudzamisa vose tsika musimboti, uyewo kuburitsa ndiyo tsika dzedu pfungwa Christianity, munguva pfupi, azere Implementation zvirevo yechiKristu tsika uye, chokwadi, iri makemikari kubatana Kufungisisa zvokunamata vanhu basa uye nyika. The yokupedzisira rinoitwa pachishandiswa okuzvipira rudo. The rinonyanya kuratidza kunoonekwa sechinhu Feat kuzvipira. Nokuti yedu mhando utsvene hakusi yo chero kukuru kana umhare vazviomesere pamusoro muSiriya, muIjipiti tsika dzechiKristu kana kutobaya zvitendwa yeRoma, utsvene Greek. Sechikamu dzedu dzechiKristu Russian mutsvene nguva dzose anotaurawo pacharo kuburikidza basa rudo kune nyika, mumwe kuzvininipisa munyoro, tsitsi.

mhedziso

Nyaya yakataurwa, kuti Kuzvinyima: kuti zvinobva nemaonero wouzivi, ayo dzemitemo uye pfungwa.