Soft gorosi: tsananguro, kurimwa, shandisa

Soft gorosi mhando ndezvaJehovha mhando wepagore herbaceous zvinomera. The anowanzodanwa vakasangana zviyo mhuri uye mjatlikovyh. The tanga zviitiko nyoro gorosi kwakawanikwa zviuru zvemakore akapfuura nharaunda vanhasi Turkey. Mumazuva edu bota iri kunyanya kuita bhekari zvigadzirwa, kunyange pane dzimwe nzira kushandisa ichi zvokurima chigadzirwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu umo akura nyoro gorosi, havana dzakakwirira yaanoti okunze, saka zviri zvikuru nevakawanda Russia.

Tsananguro chirimwa

Kuchinja gorosi iri masendimita 100, apo avhareji neeSultan ose 60-80 cm. Mukutanga zvokukura chirimwa zvinoriumba pachena kana pubescent uye culm riri pamhango uye dzakaonda. Mashizha anosvika 16 mm yakafara, ari kukura kwacho kuwana pokuoma. Chaizvoizvo, hura gorosi kutsunga zita rayo - rayo nyoro unaku zvakasiyana fragility, asi kunoratidzwa elasticity. The junctions nzeve Napamusara wechipiri chete pakati akabatana hapana bvudzi mwanda.

Pamusoro Inflorescence zvikamu kubva pedyo nzeve neavhareji -7 mm. Panguva iyoyowo, nzeve vane anenge zvakaenzana parameters urefu uye upamhi. Pachikero, izvo akanyudzwa gorosi hura iri pachidanho 10 mm pakureba, apo ane jeko magumo panguva keel. Uyu pfupi nezino, rakatarisana kunze - rudzi sechokudzivirira zvinomera.

Apo vazvinorimirwa?

Pane zvakarongwa pasi zvirimwa yakakurumbira iyi yakaita ane rekodhi nharaunda ine nyika. Yakadaro ekisitenjeni chabatsira undemanding kuti ivhu uye okunze umo mutsika anogona kukura. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhando vachine nezvatisingagoni. Somuenzaniso, muzhizha gorosi optimally anova pasi ezvinhu 25 kusvika 40 °. Izvi zvinonzi gorosi munzvimbo akatonga munzvimbo zvokurima pamwe zvakanaka ekunze.

Kana isu kutaura zvatichakurukura, zvichava Europe uye Australia. Kana munzvimbo European vanogona kutaura pamusoro achikura ari inowanzorimwa uye dondo munzvimbo. Varimi Australian dziri kutungamirirwa sangano minda gorosi iri inowanzorimwa dzezvimwe. Pakanyenga tsika iyi North uye South America, uko kwave kurimwa munyika prairies uye pampas. Regai kusiya chirimwa uye varimi Russian. Izvi runoratidzwa zvibereko gorosi, iri avhareji 26-28 makirogiramu / ha pa mwaka.

The chikuru kupatsanura pakati nyoro gorosi

The chikuru chatingatevedzera gorosi kukwanisa kuumba gluten. Hazvina kubva pfuma iyi kuvimba hunhu bhekari zvigadzirwa. Gorosi pashure chikuru kubudiswa anoenda kugadzira Pasta zvigadzirwa, bota uye starch. Kuziva suitability nezvirimwa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana rave vakasuma chikuru kupatsanura yegorosi kwakavakirwa mapuroteni kugutsikana uye gluten-akasununguka, uyewo yaro yepamusoro. Kubva wemishonga mhando yepamusoro tsvimbo, uyewo kuvapo nouipi nyoro gorosi yakakamurwa muzvikamu shanu. Saka maererano gluten gorosi achiri kutungamirira zvikukutu, asi kurimwa kwayo kunodiwa kuita zvakawanda inoomesera ezvinhu agro-okunze, uye izvi haagoni munharaunda yose.

Quality kupatsanura hwakatsetseka

Kuziva furawa simba hunobva zviratidzo zviviri - enzayemu basa uye unhu gluten. Kune mapoka matatu, iyo zvisingapindirani yakatarwa pakati zviratidzi zvivako izvi. Kirasi yokutanga iri simba gorosi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva yakakwirira mapuroteni kugutsikana, raichinja-chinja uye kwakavharwa nenyama gluten, uyewo zvikuru vitreous. Hwakatsetseka, yakabereka maererano tsanga zvakadaro, munhu porous uye hombe zviyo. Segorosi hwakaoma, yakadaro yemibvunzo bhekari zvigadzirwa kunogona kuvandudza simba zviyo. Boka rechipiri chinomirirwa paavhareji nesimba tsanga, izvo chete havagoni kuita sezvo modifiers kusimba gorosi, asi vane Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ehupfumi kuti kugadzirwa bhekari zvigadzirwa. chikamu wechitatu - simba gorosi, pamwe yawo yakadzikira kubikira unhu. Kubva anogamuchira shoma zviyo paguyo zvigadzirwa, izvo zvisingapindirani dzemakwiringwindi porosity. The simba nyoro gorosi vanowanzova kupa shomanana mapuroteni uye gluten. furawa iyi inoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu confectionery.

kurimwa

MuRussia, ndiyo inoropafadzwa nechando uye chitubu gorosi. Panguva iyoyowo mugove gorosi nyaya nyoro inenge 95%. About 45% kuti mugove uyu yechando gorosi, iri kukura kunyanya kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati kumatunhu. mhando yakadaro ingabudirira nani nokuti ive kuramba chando. Vanokwanisa kumira kusvika -35 inegumi. Zvisinei, snowless Winters nengozi gorosi kwakadaro.

Nokuti ose kukosha kukuru wembereko uye hwevhu. Winter zvinoda mwando yakakwana munguva kumera. Kuoma, vanoita nani pane chitubu gorosi. Sezvi- kuberekesa madota kushandiswa - ave mutemo, nzira iyi fetiraiza yaishandiswa nevhu dzakakwirira acidity. Achitaura nguva yokudyara, chando gorosi nenguva kutanga chando vanofanira nguva tillered - pamusoro payo uye nomudzimu ruzivo agronomists. In nzara zvinhu uyewo kwaiitwa compacting. Muchirimo ivhu kuita urea uye Ammonium nitrate, asi chete kana nyika kwezvinoshandiswa mu senitrogen.

Azvikuya ehupfumi yegorosi

Pfungwa nokugeda zvinoda anokosha michina kubatanidza kuitwa muupenyu imwe mari simba. Zvichienderana nesimba apedza kunotemwa kukosha furawa zviyo. Its pamashoko unhu hwakawanda tsika, kusanganisira nokugeda, fineness, simba rakawanda, uye zvichingodaro. D. Also kufungwa uye zvisina kunanga maitiro akadai kufanana, hunhu nemadota. Natura - chiyero mukanyiwa chezviyo vhoriyamu, izvo zvinogona kuratidzwa marita. The maduku mutengo uyu, rezasi uwandu hwakatsetseka. Zvinonzi zvakare dzinoratidzwa nyoro gorosi dzichienderana, izvo chaizvoizvo zvinoreva parameters zvezviyo. Average tsanga kukura dzose chimiro vanotsigira rikurumidze Qualitative uye milled.

Nutritional ehupfumi nezviyo

Grain nzeve dzine zvakawanda zvinobatsira okunze, kusanganisira mafuta pamwe mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye zvicherwa. Kunyanya zvinovaka muviri gluten tigutsikane iyo akasiyana chinokosha akasiyana gorosi. Izvi rabha-kufanana gobvu anogadzirwa kubva dzakarukwa zvakanaka zvakohwewa mbeu. Muzvigadzirwa muitiro kunosanganisira nekushambidza nemvura, iyoyo yakakwirira wevasungwa mapuroteni zvinoumba sezvo glutenin uye gliadin. Uyezve, nyoro gorosi kupatsanurwa muchimiro anogona vanoumba starch, cellulose uye mafuta ari maduku akawanda. The mugove mapuroteni zvinoriumba chakaita kuti 80% uye starch rinotangira anenge 20% gluten.

kunyoresa

Kakawanda, izvi rinoshandiswa senzira gorosi nechipiriso kuti bhekari zvigadzirwa. Uyewo kubva tsika zvibereko mumera, iro rinozivikanwa somunhu gorosi doro. Anoshandiswa uye byproducts - somuenzaniso, pashure kupura vari bran, kuti rinogona kushandiswa kudya zvipfuwo. Shandisa nyoro gorosi mhando, uye nokuda mumaindasitiri kugadzira starch uye bioethanol. Zvisinei, maindasitiri izvi hazvisi kukosha panyaya kushandisa mbishi gorosi. Kanenge, pane yakawanda bota zvirimwa, zviri zvikuru mune nzvimbo maindasitiri kugadzirwa. Gorosi ichiri zvikuru vachifunga chikafu chidimbu.

mhedziso

Kwakapararira gorosi vakabatsira ayo nyore kuti agro-okunze uye optimum azvikuya zvivako kuti vari kupatsanurwa kuwana yepamusoro zvinhu zvakabikwa. Panyaya iyi, nyoro gorosi ndiyo zvinobetsera mbishi zvinhu zvokudya indasitiri. The kuitika tsika okurima Hunopikiswa sezvakanga chitubu akasiyana zvikuru akakodzera kurimwa munzvimbo ezvinhu enyika Russian okunze. Asi zvirimwa muchando nenzvimbo rebei mugove vanosvika anorimwa nzvimbo. gorosi Izvi akakodzera kurimwa munzvimbo shoma yakanaka ezvinhu, saka rinoshandiswa vakawanda vari kuchamhembe dziri nyika.