Mhuri ezviyo: ari maitiro zviri muchero, vamiririri

To musi, mune zvinopfuura 350,000 marudzi zvinomera. Of izvi Monocotyledones kirasi nyaya inenge 60,000 marudzi. Uyezve, kirasi iyi zvinosanganisira vaviri zvikuru kwakapararira pamusoro nharaunda dzinogarisana uye zvoupfumi kukosha mhuri:

• Lily.
• mhuri ezviyo kana bluegrass.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro mhuri ezviyo.

taxonomy machineries

Place munyika makemikari nyika ino mhuri iyi akatora zvinotevera:

- Umambo Plants.

- Subkingdom zvipuka zvine masero akawanda.

- Kirasi Monocotyledons.

- The mhuri ezviyo.

Nhengo dzose dzemhuri iyi ikashandiswa muna 900 kuzvarwa. Uwandu vamiririri vanenge 11.000 marudzi. Plants of mhuri Gramineae kuitika vose uswa uye netsika kuva mukuru zvokurima kukosha.

Conditions kukura uye kuparadzirwa

Zviyo mhuri ane nzvimbo kukuru kwazvo dzinogarisana nokuda kwayo unpretentiousness, unyoro uye kwemvura (kwete marudzi ose). Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti vakafukidza munhu anenge yose kunze Antarctica uye ice-akafukidzwa nzvimbo.

Rinopa kodzero kunzwisisa kuti zvirimwa mhuri Gramineae ndiye vane mwero chaizvo kukura ezvinhu. Saka, Somuenzaniso, vamiririri wemarudzi uswa (Timoti, bluegrass, bluegrass, wemichero, moto, etc.) chinyararire kushivirira yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu yechando uye kupisa kwechirimo.

Kurimwa chete chirimwa (rye, oats, gorosi, mupunga) Zvisinei kare yakawanda, uye vava kukwanisa kuona nokururamisira guru amplitude nokufamba mumhepo tembiricha.

To chiedza chezuva ndiwo chete kwazvakarerekera, potse vamiririri zvose kuti zvinosanganisira mhuri ezviyo. Vamiririri nomumatondo, steppes, pampas, savanna - kujaira nemarwadzo zvinomera uye dzaichengetwa zvipenyu zviri pasi kugara uye kurapwa kubva kumurume, saizvozvo wakasununguka panguva yatinenge chiedza pasi.

General zvechadenga mhuri

Zviyo mhuri inosanganisira pagore uye biennial uye perennial zvirimwa kazhinji. Nechokunze, avanotarisira zvakafanana, sezvo vane yakafanana nemamiriro hunde uye mashizha. The hunde kunewo akasiyana zviri kubva dzakanzi nezvimwe zvinomera - chose chinhu mukati uye ari negomba chubhu, inonzi culms.

A dzakawanda vamiririri mhuri akatsanangura kukosha kwavo hurongwa zvoupfumi: vamwe zvinomera zvinoshandiswa sezvo zvokudya, vamwe kubudiswa uye zviyo starch, uye vamwe kuti puroteni, uye chechina pamusoro kushongedza.

morphological zvinhu

External (morphological) zviratidzo ezviyo mhuri inogona kurondedzerwa navashoma pfungwa.

1. Chokumisa culm (kunze chibage uye nomudonzvo), mhango mukati.
2. Well akaratidza internodes pamusoro hunde.
3. Vamwe vamiririri hunde muupenyu nokuda odrevesnevaet (sengere).
4. Kunosiya nyore, sessile, ane raidudzwa nyinyo, akafukidza hunde.
5. Sheet fomu elongated venation dzakafanana.
6. Nzvimbo papepa Mahwendefa rinotevera.
7. The Midzi fibrous mhando, dzimwe nguva pevhu rhizomes shandurwai Matavi.

Zviratidzo izvi vane nhengo dzose achiumba mhuri ezviyo.

maruva fomura

Maruva zvirimwa mhuri iyi zvikuru unremarkable, sezvo asingatani kuzvinzwira pollination kana muchinjikwa pollination. Naizvozvo, pova maruva hombe inopenya uye kunhuhwirira zvinoita hapana njere. maruva yavo duku, hapana, zvikuru asazivikanwa. Padzinoungana inflorescences pakubhadhara dzakasiyana:

• remubatanidzwa Spike (gorosi);
• pamuguri (chibage);
• panicle (munhenga).

Maruva vose zvakafanana, iyo nzira ndiyo ruva mhuri Gramineae iri sezvinotevera: + TSCH2 PL2 + T3 + p1. Where CN - maruva zviyero, Pl - mafirimu T - Stamens, P - the pistil.

machineries fomura ruva mhuri anopa pfungwa yakajeka homeliness zvinomera izvi maruva nguva, uye saka kushandiswa kushongedza havasi maruva, uye mashizha madzinde.

muchero

Pashure maruva akaumba mapuroteni-vapfumi uye starch muchero. Ndizvo zvakafanana ose vamiririri, nhengo dzemhuri ezviyo. Michero inonzi weevil. Zvechokwadi, vanhu vakawanda kure zvipenyu, shoko rokuti "zviyo" ziva pacharo, uye inobatanidzwa zviyo zvirimwa, inonzi zviyo.

Zvisinei, kwete chete anorimwa zvirimwa Zviyo mhuri vane muchero, asi mumafuro. The tsanga akapfuma mavhitamini, gluten, mapuroteni, starch.

vamiririri machineries

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvose, pane miti inenge 11.000, pova mhuri ezviyo. Vamiririri zvavo inowanikwa pakati dzomusango uye anorimwa yemiti.

Wild Vamiririri:

• Timothy;
• urchin;
• moto;
• munhenga;
• wheatgrass;
• sengere;
• wheatgrass;
• fescue;
• mhuka oats;
• foxtail uye nevamwe.

Vamiririri dzakawanda machineries mbizi - ndiwo vagere steppes, paMaare, masango nemapani.

Anorimwa zvirimwa anoumba mhuri ezviyo, nezvibereko zvavo chimiro nokupesvedzera ezvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakasiyana. Ndokusaka, kuti kwayo yepamusoro zviyo, vazhinji vamiririri machineries ikava musha tsika, iyo rinoitwa kuti zvakakodzera. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• mupunga;
• rye;
• gorosi;
• shuga sengere;
• oats;
• mapfunde;
• bhari;
• mhunga;
• zviyo uye nevamwe.

Anorimwa zvirimwa vari kukuru zvoupfumi kukosha nokuti zvokudya munyika.

Annual

Nokuti zvirimwa negore ndedziya vanopfuura upenyu hwose kutenderera rimwe mumwaka wokukura. Ndizvo zvose zvinokosha dzinotsanagura upenyu - kukura, maruva, kubereka, uye rufu - vari ukapisa murwi mune rimwe mumwaka.

Nokuti chete wepagore chirimwa yemhuri Gramineae kumbotipa zvakaoma. Vane chaizvoizvo chaizvo chaizvo. Chimbofunga zvishoma yakajairika uye vezvokutengeserana ukoshi.

1. Mhunga. Muti wacho genus mhunga iri nechipo chirimwa ndima chete rye, gorosi uye zvichingodaro.
2. Durra kana Dzhugarra. Uyewo zvokudya chirimwa chine kupfuura kupararira kumaodzanyemba zvikamu Earth. Ko kushandiswa chete sezvo bota zvibereko, asi sezvo uswa uye silage kuti mhuka zvokudya.
3. Koster. Kwakapararira chirimwa wemhuri Gramineae, iyo kazhinji kugamuchirwa uye anoonekwa somunhu masora. Inokura chero ivhu, undemanding kuti vakuchidzire uye mwando, kuita kwenguva refu pasina chiedza chezuva. Ko chete kushandiswa mhuka zvokudya, makomborero ayo ezvoupfumi hazvina basa.
4. Corn. Chimwe ndicho zvokurima zvirimwa munyika dzakawanda. pachavo akashandisa vakabika kubva zviyo mafuta, furawa, tsanga vakawana zvakananga.
5. Foxtail. Herbaceous chirimwa Kuva zvose wegore negore uye perennial siyana. The huru ukoshi - paumbwe uswa pechifukidziro pamusoro Mafuro (mafashamo). Zvinonzi aidya mhuka.
6. Vhunduka. zvirimwa okurima South wegore kuti akura kwete chete nokuda mhuka zvokudya, asi uyewo muti nokuda inokosha zviyo zvokudya. Thermophilic uye photophilous kukura pamusoro munharaunda Russia.
7. Bluegrass. Kune akawanda mhando genus ichi, asi vose Prairie kana kumafuro rekushongedzesa, vane yezvokutengeserana ukoshi sechinhu zvipfuwo zvokudya.
8. Millet. Anosanganisira siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu. Zvose mhando kuRussia rudzi 6 chete, zvimwe izvo rinoshandiswa kuti kushongedza. Chikamu chechipiri chinoshandiswa kugadzira muviri zviyo mhuka zvokudya.

Perennial plants

zvirimwa Most vari perennial mhuri. Kureva hwavo upenyu kutenderera rinoumbwa mwaka zvakawanda (kukura nemwaka). Vanokwanisa kurarama yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu yechando nguva pasina kurasikirwa chinhanho. Vazhinji vavo dzinoumba mhuri ezviyo. Zvinoitwa zvinomera izvi rakafara chaizvo. Funga zvimwe, anokosha tichitaura vamiririri zvoupfumi.

1. Gorosi. Vakawanda yacho inogarwa chirimwa hwenyika, izvo aikoshesa ayo zvinovaka tsanga zvinhu.
2. Wheatgrass. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti rive pernicious sora. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi kwayo chete ukoshi. chirimwa ichi inokosha chikafu mabviro mhuka kudya kunovaka.
3. Muonde. chirimwa zvikuru, gorosi hakusi muduku kukosha uye muviri ukoshi nezviyo. Zvinonzi kurimwa munzvimbo Eastern dzenyika.
4. Rye. Chimwe chezvinhu mukurumbira nechipiriso pashure gorosi uye mupunga. A dzakawanda zvinomera aya akura mu Russia. The muviri ukoshi zviyo panguva yakakwirira yakati sandara.
5. Nzimbe. yokwaakazvarirwa - India, Brazil uye Cuba. The chikuru muviri ukoshi tsika iyi - kugadzirwa iyi shuga.

zvirimwa machineries

Nokuti chirimwa zvokurima zvirimwa mhuri iyi anosanganisira, kuwedzera kune apa, zvimwe mhunga. chirimwa ichi ane zvose zviratidzo bota mhuri, uye ane tsanga inokosha. In nyika yedu, mhunga rapera kwete nokuti rudo kupisa-chaizvo zvirimwa. Zvisinei, muna Africa, Australia, South America inokosha chaizvo chikafu chirimwa.

Zviyo mhunga milled kupinda hwakatsetseka hunde uye mashizha kuenda zvokudya zvipfuwo. Uyezve, kubva mashizha madzinde kubereka fenicha, vanobatanidza wakanaka menyika.

Nebhari kunogona kunzi kune chinokosha s / zvirimwa. chirimwa ichi haatarisiri Mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kukura, saka zviri nyore kukudziridzwa munyika dzakawanda. The chikuru kukosha zviyo unopinda doro, kugamuchira parera bhari uye groats nebhari, uye aidya mhuka.

Uyewo infusions bhari zvinokosha mune zvetsika mushonga uye chevarwere (zvinoreva kubva chiropa nemudumbu).

The muviri ukoshi bota zviyo

Sei zvichikosha uye zvikuru kushanda tsanga vamiririri vanoumba mhuri ezviyo? Mamirire tsanga mamiriro kunobatsira kunzwisisa izvozvo.

Chekutanga, ose nechipiriso tsanga dzine mapuroteni, chete nhamba vamiririri vayo neeSultan siyana. The soro kugutsikana mapuroteni gluten yegorosi mhando vanoonekwa.

Chechipiri, chipiriso zviyo ane starch, uye nokudaro tine muviri ukoshi yakakwana uye vanokwanisa kuumba furawa.

Chechitatu, tsika yakadaro, akadai mupunga, rine zvakawanda mavhitaminzi akasiyana mapoka, izvo zvinoita kuti kunyange zvikuru.

Zviri pachena kuti kushandisa ezviyo azere anopa muviri pamwe yakatarwa zvose zvezuva nezuva zvinodiwa nevamiririri. Ndicho chikonzero dzakakurumbira saka pose.