The Gothic kwokukurukurirana mapurani

The Gothic kwokukurukurirana mapurani akatanga kutora chimiro kuchamhembe chikamu France ano uye nharaunda Switzerland ano uye Belgium kunhivi kutanga XII remakore. Zvadaro, pashure zvishoma - muGermany.

Yokutanga Gothic chivako ari mapurani vaiona wemamongi sangano Saint-Denis, iri pedyo Paris. Ndokumisapo chirongwa Abbe Suger, zviri yemanyorero gothic chivako pamwe rwakavakwa Maberere. Kubva kwayo Romanesque nhare yaiva huru nyasha.

Kazhinji, ari Gothic manyorerwo kuti mapurani nhaka kubva Roman ndiro rine chokwadi architecture mukuru mamiriro unyanzvi uye mhando huru zvivako zvechitendero. In unyanzvi Gothic machechi kunge nzvimbo inokosha.

Machechi, dzakavakwa nemanyorero ichi, unomirira soro kwetunhu mapurani uye kupenda pamwechete chivezwa. Wandisa kunhivi Maberere pakati Romanesque achinja unhu Gothic chematenga ane wakananga pamusoro, varefu, yakamanikana mbiru uye shongwe, yokufeva multi-ruvara yakasvibiswa-magirazi mahwindo, zvikuru yakashongedzwa France zvakawanda yakavezwa mashoko (vimpergov, tympanum, archivolt). zvinhu zvose ndakazvipiwa akagadzirirwa kusimbisa tote.

Gothic kwokukurukurirana mapurani ainzi kubva muchiGiriki "gotos". In kare, kuti Goths vainzi madzinza fuza huchipinda nharaunda hweRoma kubva kuchamhembe. Maererano nengano, shoko rokutanga rakashandiswa Raphael.

Zviratidzo zviri gothic mavakirwo Church vakatanga kuyambuka, kutsiva zvechizarira uye nomunondo Roman manyorerwo. Nokuti XII remakore. dzinoratidzwa guru kukanganisa upenyu chitendero.

Machechi Gothic dzakavakwa nezvizvarwa. Notre Dame Cathedral rakavakwa emakore anopfuura maviri, weRoma Cathedral kubvira 1211 kusvika pakutanga XV remakore, uye Milan - kusvika XIX.

Gothic akitekicha aifanira kufananidzira kuwirirana mutemberi kudenga. Naizvozvo isu tega magadzirirwo Unokunda ibwe kutsvinyirwa. Izvi akarega tichibatsirwa nyanzvi rakakoshwa "Lace".

Artistic chakavanzika akarara pakuti kutarisana akaitwa Gothic hurongwa regai nezvatakarerekera chokwadi. Huge inorema Maberere kuonekwa ramakore Air, sowakajeka dzakachinjwa kwakajairika zvikuru kupindira kufamba akanzwisisa pfungwa magadzirirwo uye kuziva akamboona chairo. The Gothic Cathedral sokuti kubvira pasi petsoka kusiya pasi, uye murume anokwira risina denga kusaverengeka.

The Gothic werudzii mapurani, anofarirawo kutamba chiedza. Chinokosha zvidavado izvi kusika mugumisiro nokusingaperi inoyerera chiedza raMwari, iyo inomirira uchenjeri pakunamata uye kuvhenekerwa. chinangwa ichi kushumirwa ari yakasvibiswa magirazi mahwindo.

Gothic Style yakatanga kunyanya mumaguta. The koshesa rwaikosheswa mapurani vari yero, zvitema uye tsvuku. Line zvivako uye ezvirevo akava ogival hunhu, namaberere vakaumba kuti intersecting arcs. Buildings dzinovakwa kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba rectangular chimiro ne vakawanda akanongedzera Maberere, akatendeuka kupinda mbiru.

Fanira mukati mashoko zvakarurama Maberere pamwe zvitsigiso, kunzwisisa mashizha. Kuvaka Zvivako hwokuratidza openwork puranga ibwe Tinotsigira unoratidzwa kumusoro mahwindo, akasimbisa marangwanda mamiriro. An chinokosha akagadzira kumwezve vakakwira Stained girazi mahwindo siyana negirazi, dzimwe nguva pane kumativi decoration bhokisi. Mikova yakashongedzwa Lancet Maberere, ribbed.

Zvivako zviri Gothic manyorerwo anowana zvimwe tarenda kuonekwa ari pamberi ibwe masvingo kuti sokuti chiedza uye Airy. Izvi nenyama, airiness, musoro uye usingaonekwi chiratidzo dzinoshanda ehupfumi chero mamiriro mune Gothic vachizvikwidziridza.

Gothic Style vakayambuka nhoroondo nhatu zvokukura kukura - zviri mangwanani Gothic, ichatonga zvine mbiri (High Gothic) uye Late Gothic.

Pakutanga mashoko XVI remakore Gothic kwokukurukurirana mapurani rwunotanga vanorasikirwa nenzvimbo yaro maererano pakasvika tsika Renaissance tsika.