The kupenda "Breakfast aristocrat" Fedorov. Description of mufananidzo

Humor uye satire ndiwo nzvimbo inokosha muupenyu hwedu. Chido pavanoseka munhu (sezvinoitwa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, kutsoropodza nenzira) tinoberekwa zvinenge munhu. Art hapana anosara. Vadetembi, vanyori, vemifananidzo uye vamiririri nevamwe ounyanzvi hwokugadzira okusika kubhadhara pfungwa dzavo akapoteredza musoro uye musoro, kuti anogona kuita mavara matsva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chakakoshera vavariro dzakadaro kwakaitika muupenyu tsika munharaunda makore akawanda apfuura.

Mugore Russian satirical kupenda chatinokoshesa Pavel Andreevich Fedotov. "Breakfast aristocrat" - mufananidzo, anozivikanwa pasi zita romunyori "kwete nguva mueni", chiri chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye kucherechedzwa mabasa rokupenda.

Life uye kutapwa the artist

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov akaberekwa musi June 22 (July 4) muna 1815 muMoscow. baba vake aiva pamudyandigere mukuru uye vakashumira vari Moscow kanzuru tsika. Muna 1826, Paul akava mudzidzi ari Moscow kadheti Corps, vakapedza kudzidza pamwe kukuru uye vakashumira makore 10 ari St. Petersburg Finland hondo. Panguva iyoyo akanga chaibatanidzwa mufananidzo mukirasi Academy of Arts uye nokukurumidza akava anozivikanwa yakamanikana yeChina kuonga tarenda rake uye avakachera ake bhurasho regimental Genre yokunyora nokudhirowa, tamba, kudanana vanodhirowa, uyewo Portraits nevamwe varwi. basa rake akagashira kufarirwa nevamwe varwi kwete chete, asiwo mhuri mambo, kunyanya mugari wenhaka pachigaro, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich. Zvakananga Mifananidzo maviri akanyorwa hurongwa hwake.

Tapedza kudzidza muna 1844, basa, Fedotov akasarudza kuzvipira kunyora uye ndichishanyira Academy, kureva boka kupenda kurwa. Asi iye wakange asina hanya naye, uye nokukurumidza yokudhirowa vakatamira pedyo basa Genre, akamudana kwete chete somunhu tsika-dzinonetsa mifananidzo youpenyu ano, kusanganisira mufananidzo "Breakfast aristocrat", zvakanyorwa muna 1850. Makore maviri akanga apfuura, muna 1848, iye anoratidza basa rake Karl Pavlovich Briullov, izvo zvinovapa matunhu mavanga uye anotsigira zvakasimba Fedotov.

In upenyu hwayo pfupi, Paul A. akasika mifananidzo kuti vava mienzaniso Genre kupenda uye vachiseka yose zvinoreva upenyu ropafadzo strata yose panguva vanhu. Akafa 14 (26) mu November 1852 mune rimwe kiriniki nokuda mupfungwa kurwara mushure exacerbation zvepfungwa uye akavigwa Smolensk kumakuva muSt Petersburg.

Okugadzira zvinhu Pavel Fedotov

Sezvambotaurwa, chikuru Genre mabasa by the artist akava mhuri. Muna 1846 akatanga mukudzidzire magadzirirwo kuti mafuta kupenda ari muitiro kushanda kanivhasi "The itsva Orange Yane no." Kwapera gore, Paul A. kupendwa "choosy mwenga", nokuti raakanga rwakagadzwa musoro Academician, uye kwematsutso 1848 vakaona chiedza mufananidzo "vachidanana Major", iro vakauya kwaari panzvimbo yokutanga pazvipfuwo mifananidzo vemifananidzo.

Muna 1850 (February kuna May) Fedotov akanga muMoscow, apo rave apedza mufananidzo "Breakfast aristocrat", basa iri rwakatanga St. Petersburg. Akazonyora kanivhasi "Chirikadzi", rangano iyo akafuridzirwa pakufa kwomurume wake hanzvadzi emhizha. Wokupedzisira mabasa ake akanga "encore, encore!" Uye "Players". Pashure paizvozvo, utano haabvumirwi kushanda, asi chokwadi kuti akasikwa, akaita avasakadza munhoroondo Russian kupenda.

History chokusika

Sezvambotaurwa, muna 1850 yokudhirowa kudzidza mumwe ake mifananidzo yakakurumbira "Breakfast aristocrat." The kupenda Fedotova, rakanyorwa mushure maungira kubudirira "vachidanana Major", akafuridzirwa satires, munyori ane zita akaramba kuzivikanwa (anofungidzirwa kuti aiva munyori wechiduku Ivan Goncharov): "Uye kana ukaedza netsaona kuuya vanhu vakadaro kumba uye akavawana anoshamisika? "ini ndikati zvaiva pedyo chaizvo the artist, uye nyore kosi raiva zvakazara dzika chitaurwa ichi. Zvisinei, kuti painter haana anobvuma kukurirwa nomuedzo, uye inobudisa nguva yakapfuura nayo.

Zvatinoverenga pamufananidzo?

Hapana mubvunzo kuti, kuongorora watinofanira zviri vanoratidzwa chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa mifananidzo, iyo akanyora Paul Fedotov, "Breakfast ane aristocrat." Description of pamufananidzo mavara akajeka zvikuru anoenderana chii womufananidzo akanga akatakura kuburikidza okugadzira zvinhu zvavo. It vachiseka uipi hwevanhu munyika yose kuratidzwa dzavo.

Kutarira painting, tinoona wechidiki wamambo, vaitya kufukidza chingwa dema, inova zvose zvake mangwanani zvoupfu, kana mutsindo mupasa. Emhizha mune zvose wakakomberedza gamba iri rakapa marongerwo: bhokisi kubva pasi yakadhindwa nechepamusoro makadhi pasi petafura, hunotaura kubheja; akafukidza nyore kwemangwanani bhuku, umo mumwe fashoni panguva enganonyorwa dzakabudiswa; Advertising mapepa uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo waivako oysters akaisa pamusoro nezvigaro (wokupedzisira kushanya yakanga kwairayirwa dandadzo kuti enyika uduku nguva); dandified kupfeka gown, vasonanidza ari ichangoburwa Paris nokuriita.

Asi anonyatsodedemura maatomu akafanana, chinogona kupedzwa mufananidzo Rondedzero Fedotova "Breakfast aristocrat" - zvachose chinhu uye vakatendeukira mukati panze chikwama. The Artist yake mamirire nenzira akaseka saka aivada uye ipfungwa ingawirirana neyokuti misoro: kwevanhu maturo, zvisina maturo, dzokushamisira upenyu, makanyatsovanzira pasi kunge urombo pamusoro kwokunze zvakanaka uye chivheneke. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chimiro unoratidzwa pamusoro kanivhasi aiita kuti nguva, kuti haaregi chero mubvunzo pamusoro chakakoshera nyaya, waitova Fedotov.

Fate mabasa

Iye zvino, kupenda "Breakfast aristocrat", pamwe nemamwe mabasa anokosha by the artist, riri muMoscow, panguva State Tretyakov Gallery muna Lavrushinsky Lane. Panguva iyoyo, Pavel Tretyakov, muvambi miziyamu, aikwanisa unganidza zvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki zvakajeka mabasa mangwanani nguva okugadzira zvinhu Fedotov. Nhasi, akachengetwa munzvimbo muunganidzwa ari maberere, asi kwete muMuseum. Paintings, vakavharirwa paungano chete gare gare, chikamu zvachose kuratidza. Izvi kupenda "Breakfast aristocrat", rwakazokura nyaya ino, uyewo mifananidzo "vachidanana Major", mumwe munyori wacho makopi "Chirikadzi", "Fresh Orange Yane no" uye "intelligibility mwenga."

Ukoshi zvisikwa Paul Fedotov mu Russian kupenda

The kukosha izvo zvinoratidzwa nemabasa ake, nyanzvi yokudhirowa, zvakaoma kuona. Ari hunzi muvambi Genre iyi ziso hwemashiripiti ave akaoma realism. Mukuita hwokusika kukura kwayo yaingowanikwa naye pakutanga akaunganidzwa nziyo yakawanda zvikamu ndakatamira kupfuura nyore uye dzinongoitika nzira. Mifananidzo yake vari midzi unyanzvi hutsva Genre pamusoro satirical mifananidzo pamwe mavara yenyika, akapa pasi basa nevamwe vechiduku Artists.