The Linux kushanda marongedzero simba makombiyuta vakanga subtleties naro uye configuration

Pasinei nokuti kushaya kutsigirwa XP, "mudzimai yekare" muna April 2014, asi maitiro achiri pamire zviuru makombiyuta pose. Kazhinji, zviri akwegura uye simba michina kuti "windose" 8.7.10 zvikuru "kunonoka." Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti izvi zvinofanira tasva!

Nei hurongwa achinje?

Age XP - makore anopfuura 14. Security hurongwa, nguva asingadi "yokusimbaradzwa" makwapa akasvibirika kubva Update Center, havachisiri zvinoshingaira. Kana kombiyuta yako ichiri unokosha XP, iwe kupesvedzera zvikuru ngozi yokurasikirwa vose mafaira ako nemuzviito-software utsinye (antivirus, uye ichi muchafadzwa kwete kubatsira). A kununura iwe mumwe Linux hurongwa kuti makombiyuta nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva.

Izvo kusarudza?

Sezvo "simbi" wekare makombiyuta fungidziro anogona kuzunungusa kana ayo archaism, vachafanira kusarudza kupfuura chiedza, asi pamwe chete "ushamwari" shanduro dzakawanda. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti "Linux" zvavo hwakasiyana mwero chaizvo maitiro zvinodiwa, asi hazvina kudaro mumakore achangopfuura. Chokutanga, kusiyana mushanduro makuru. Chechipiri, pane kusiyana wegadziriro, izvo zvinogona kushanda dzinenge dziri Converter.

Ndizvo chete Gentoo waachangoroora asina kurwira, uye naizvozvo zviri nani kutsvaka zvinhu zviri nyore kunzwisisa. Saka chii Linux rinofanira kusarudzwa kuti makombiyuta nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva? The pfungwa haisi nyore, saka kuti nesarudzo dzinofanira aswedera zvikuru kwazvo.

pakusarudzwa kupfuura

Nyanzvi vanokurudzira kumisa kufunga Linux Mint. ino pakutanga yaipiwa siyana graphical nevamwe. Vose vari chaizvo zvakafanana yekare Windows XP. Kunyange Cinnamon (mumwe wavo) inoshanda zvakanaka yekare "simbi", uye chete naye kana XFCE (kana LDXE) kuti "vakwegura" makombiyuta uye zvinonyatsoenderana zvakakwana anoita.

Kusvikira tichishandisa ichangopfuura, nokuti kugadzwa pamusoro desktops vakwegura uye Laptops aigona kurumbidzwa "Ubuntu" ... Asi pashure Developers ayo vakatamira kune "Unity", nokuti ruzivo vanoshandisa kutanga matambudziko gobvu pamwe kukura hurongwa. Uyezve, graphical goko itsva zvakasimba "achisunda" kunyange matsva "simbi", yaingoda yakanaka Graphics kadhi uye processor ndiye simba rakakwana. Muchidimbu, varidzi "Antiques", shanduro iyi Linux ari contraindicated.

Kana "dainoso" kwenyu kunokosha kupfuura kuva gigabyte vaRami iwe zvichida kushandira "masthead» Cinnamon. Nokuti dzimwe nguva, tingadai tsigira Xfce. Hazvina goko ichi ichakurukurwa yechinangwa ino. Kunyange kana ukasarudza mumwe Linux kuti makombiyuta nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva, asi panguva imwe chete y (atumidzwa graphical ezvinhu), achiri mazano aya uchava dzinobatsira kwauri. Chero zvazvingava, uchadzidza inokosha mashoko, izvo zvichaita kushanda munguva yemberi.

How vagadzirire kuchinja?

Kutanga, unofanira nokudhanilodha ISO, mufananidzo Linux Mint. Kuburikidza chirongwa UltraISO kana zvakafanana agoipisa kuti nokupenya tikachirega. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti bhuku yayo inofanira kuva zvinenge 2 GB. Yambiro! Data All vachange rwoga dzadzimwa kana hurongwa ari kunyora, izvo vasati vari denderedzwa tikachirega. Saka iva nechokwadi chokuti uri nokupenya nemotokari havana magwaro anokosha chero!

Pakupedzisira, kana denderedzwa pamwe maitiro "windose" anewo chinhu chinokosha kwauri, iva nechokwadi kuti tirambe bvisika vezvenhau uye mashoko. We mazano zvakasimba kuti murege kutevedzera mashoko pamusoro dhisiki "D" kana zvine musoro partition! Chokwadi ndechokuti ruzivo novices apo "Linux" kazhinji "kuuraya" ose markup "windose" sei mashoko ari Zvifambiso zvose rakaoma vaparadzwa!

kutanga kugadzwa

Dzinoisa mashoko mbaravara nemotokari kupinda chero iripo connector USB (asi zviri nani kushandisa necheshure) uye restart kombiyuta yako. Kazhinji, unofanira kushandura shangu hurongwa Bios. On makombiyuta akawanda kuti nyore kuwana shangu Muterere vari F11 uye F12. Asi ichi ichokwadi chete kwenguva yerudzi rutsva makombiyuta uye Laptops.

Kana uri chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakakodzera kushandisa Bios zvinhu. Zvinodiwa bhatani ichi unoratidzwa kwokutanga vene chidzitiro. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa Del kiyi uye F2. Uchaonawo kuti chinhu Boot Pokutanga uye akaisa pakutanga wokutanga chinhu pamusoro nokupenya tikachirega. Zvino unofanira restart kombiyuta yako. Kuti aponese pazviruva, uye ipapo reboot kupinda Bios aireva zvikuru F10.

Uye kana kombiyuta haaoni USB-nemotokari?

Kana kombiyuta yako rakanyatsojeka akwegura, vene kubva nokupenya nemotokari kungasashanda nokuti "simbi" nokuti hazvina kuitirwa, pfungwa. Zvakanaka, uye hapana chakaipa: kushandisa pamusoro DVD. Nechekare nemotokari kuenda kune Manyiminya ngarurege ari mutana kombiyuta, pane kunokosha! Ponesai mufananidzo kuti CD unogona kubatsira akasununguka chirongwa CDBurnerXP kana Nero. Ekupedzisira haasi akasununguka asi zvikuru dzichipfekeka. Kana uchikwanisa ane "windose" 7/8 kuti kombiyuta, ipapo mamwe utility usiri mutemo, sezvo izvi hurongwa kutsigira kurekodha discs pakutanga.

Kamwe zvose zvapera, unogona gadza Linux pamakombiyuta nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva. Ungangove, iwe uchava zvichiripo kupinda Bios nenzira tava zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro. Kana iwe wakaita zvose zvakarurama, asi installer chidzitiro ngapaonekwe.

Kuvhenekwa kugadzwa

Kunokosha! Linux kugadzwa zvinofanira kuitwa chete pashure penyu nechokwadi kunowanzoitika nokushanda Os pakombiyuta yako. Usanetseke: pamusoro bootable venhau, iwe nguva dzose kuwana Live-shanduro hurongwa. With izvozvo, unogona kuona chaizvoizvo kana kuti kutamira Os itsva zvachose. Saka, unogona kutarisa yakarurama nokushanda kukurukurirana pasina tambo module uye ona kana akakodzera shanduro iyi "Linux" yenyu Video kadhi.

Kamwe Linux Live akaita akatakura, tinya icon pamwe rachulis panzvimbo dzapasi rworuboshwe wekona, zvichiita romunzvimbo analoginen "Start" Muterere. Tsvaka pfungwa "maitiro" uye "Settings": vakaunganidza mashoko anokosha pamusoro "Hardware" kombiyuta yako. Kana zvose vakaziva, zvose zvakanaka. Mune dzimwe pfungwa unogona kuwana Kunyatsoziva epaTV vanobatanidzwa ne ino.

Tinoswedera kwako pfungwa yokuti munyika dzose Chirungu-mutauro inowanikwa "urarame." Haufaniri kuvhiringidza. Kana vakaurayiwa Linux kugadzwa, unogona kusarudza mutauro wokuRussia rokutanga setup chidzitiro. Panoperera kwacho unenge une zvachose vemunyika, vakagadzirira kushandisa hurongwa.

zvivako

Kana zvose zviri muhurongwa, uye kwako chiitiko kushandisa zvakanaka, anongoti tinya icon "gadza Linux Mint», riri pamusoro pakombiyuta. Sezvakaita chero installer chirongwa pasi "windose" kutanga kuisa dzinokosha parameters.

Chokutanga, purogiramu achaita kutarisa zvinowanikwa nzvimbo uye Kuwanikwa ane Indaneti. Just dzinoti kuti zvaizova nani riine pomumbure yaiva, sezvo izvi kuchaderedza kuwanda kwohumwe "nemasaini": zvose reserved uye mutauro packs it vachange kutorwa panguva padariro naro, saka kuti iwe urege kuzviita mune ramangwana. Une chete kusarudza kwako nguva mapazi, undoisa pasiwedhi, aishandisa zita, uye kiibhodhi marongerwo. Kusiyana "windose" kusiya pasiwedhi kusarudzwa hakushandi, saka imi nani uzvinyore pasi kumwewo, kwete kuti kukanganwa.

Chete ipapo Linux hurongwa anotanga kutevedzera mafaira hard drive yako. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti izvi zvinotora pakati 30-45 maminitsi simba. Kamwe zvose zvagadzirwa, kuti hurongwa kuchaita chaiita kuti reboot: kunyatsoongorora panguva kuratidzwa, sezvo uchaudzwa ikoko panguva ipi uchida kubvisa kugadzwa nevezvenhau.

Ndinofanira kuitei mushure kugadzwa?

Sezvatakamboreva, chero shanduro Linux kuti anoshandisa Xfce kwezvakatipoteredza, maererano pezvawakaita vanofanira kushanda pamwe yekare midziyo vachifara. Achangobva kutema mukati, uchaona zvakanaka nyore uye dzichipfekeka pakombiyuta. Kana uine vamwe ruzivo pamwe kombiyuta, naro iwe zvirokwazvo namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nokukurumidza uye pasina matambudziko. Kazhinji, nyaya angamuka kana kuratidza chisarudzo. Zvinochinja kuburikidza "Settings / Enable." mazita All vachange kare kuva "chizvarwa uye simba ': Russian Linux panyaya iyi kunyange nyore kumisa uye kudzidza!

Kana nyaya yako zvakadaro, kuti iri, kuti chisarudzo chinofanira kuiswa pa dzavo, ivo otomatiki setup vhidhiyo vamwe chikonzero asina kushandira. Usanetseka: unofanira kuenda Muterere "System / Driver Manager", sarudza kubva mazita uyo "akakurudzira" anoratidza nemashoko, tinya "Shingairira kuchinja" kuti kumirira kusvikira kwacho zvizere rakapera, uye ipapo restart kombiyuta. Kana umo kukurukurirana pasina tambo paiva nenyaya, uyewo kushandisa "vatyairi Manager."

Kazhinji, kana kubata "Mintom" vane zvakawanda kana zvishoma Windows XP matambudziko kuitika kazhinji noruzivo vanoshandisa. Saka Linux setup kunogona kuva nhau kwete kunyatsoziva, asi kuti kurarama zviri nyore kwazvo.

Basa pamwe Chikumbiro Ezvemutauro

To zvikuru chirongwa zvose zviri kuvhurwa Via "Start" Muterere. Kuburikidza kutsvaka bhaa kuwana nyore zvishandiso avo, nzvimbo iyo yausingazivi. Somuenzaniso, kana ukatanga achitaipa vakasuwa kana "tsamba", chirongwa pakarepo anoratidza tsamba chikumbiro Thunderbird. Yakarumbidza kugadzirisa inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa zvirongwa pamusoro "Taskbar". Kuti aite izvi, tinya chikumbiro Icon kuruoko mbeva wobva wasarudza aida chinhu ari Muterere achaita mifananidzo inokukurudzira kumusoro.

"Manager Program" kunokubatsira hwokugadza avo chikumbiro software, iyo haisi munyika pakutanga. Kutanga kwayo, "System", enda Muterere. Sezvo "maneja" zviuru zvirongwa arongwe nokuda Mapato, kunyange mano vanoshandisa wekutsumwaira chete regai kuitika, "Internet", "Audio uye Video", "Graphics", "Games" ichakubatsira kusarudza zvinodiwa kushanda. Panewo kutsvaka basa, izvo mberi hwezvekukurukurirana basa iri rinokosha pasuru. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutaipa kupinda kutsvaka bhokisi riri Skype, saka iwe pakarepo kupararira kugadzwa yeGmail.END_STRONG hwindo.

Kazhinji, Linux vanoshandisa vane zviuru zvinotsiva zvirongwa "windose". Just kakawanda vachanzi zvishoma zvakasiyana. Kuti tiwane kupfuura yakanakira chikumbiro chako, unogona kukumbira kubatsirwa kuti wemasimbaose Internet.

Search mubvunzo inogona akagadzira pano sezvaunoda. Vakachera ari magwaro, iwe pamwe achabudirira yenyu achida mhinduro. Zviya! Havazvidzi kubatsirwa "Ubuntu" nzanga. nokugoverwa maviri aya (zvichireva uyewo "Mint") akavaka pachishandiswa zvachose yakafanana, saka kuti ruzivo vanoshandisa mazano zvakarurama kwete achava okushamisira.

Betsero dze "Setup Center"

Ngatitii kuti wawana chaizvo zita chirongwa kuti hwaunoda kushandira. zita rayo anogona kukopwa uye pasted kupinda kutsvaka bhokisi iri "Manager". Cherechedza kuti ruzivo vanhu tinoratidza zvakasimba kushandiswa zviri ivo, pane kukopa kugadzwa Mabhokisi kubva Internet. Pakutanga, saka iwe kuwana chakavimbika kupfuura nekusimba zvabudiswa. Chechipiri, munhu anogona kuva nechivimbo chakazara muna nemhedziso kuchengeteka zvirongwa kuti vakawana nenzira iyi. Kunyange akanakisisa Linux haripi kuvadzivirira kana yakaiswa "vakasara" kubva kujeka zvinyorwa kushanda.

Chechitatu, vose mafomu aya achapiwa yoku- centrally, panguva imwe chete pamwe chete hurongwa. Izvi zviri nyore kwete chete, asiwo zvikuru kuchengetedzwa kombiyuta yako uye magwaro, izvo zvinowanikwa pamusoro wayo zvakaoma tikachirega. Nenzira dzichitaura, pamberi update inozivisa nhovo kuvake, riri rezasi zvakanaka wekona. Kana paine chikonzero, Saka, kuenda "System" Muterere uye kusarudza zvakakodzera kukosha hurongwa ndiwedzere kwacho iwe kumhanya Chinyorwa nzira.

Kanganwa pamusoro "Computer My"

Kuvhura analogue ari "Computer wangu", unofanira tinya icon pamwe forodha Icon iri kuruboshwe pakona (mu "System tireyi"). Pahwindo inovhura ane imba kuvake, iro rakanyorwa zita kuti wakasarudza munguva installation. Tinya pairi. A hwindo anomuzarurira faira maneja ndiko zvatinosiita mhando, umo unogona kusarudza forodha vanoda "Video", "Photos", "Documents" uye zvichingodaro. D. Tinotenda kuti avo kugadzwa, iwe uchagona kunzwisisa pachako.

Pfungwa, kuwana USB bvisika svikiro achava kunyange nyore uye hakurevi inodzidzisa kuti hapana nesimba. Anoita kuti aifanira zvakasimba kunzwisisa chokwadi chokuti "Linux" hapana tsamba kuti zvakaoma disks. Kana iwe chivhariso mune nokupenya nemotokari kana Manyiminya dhisiki, kuti hurongwa hakuiti chete kuudza pamusoro zvavo kubudirira hwakawanda (kubatanidza), asi kuuyawo Icon avo pakombiyuta. Simple uye zvakakunakira zvikuru!

Kana apo ari pakombiyuta yako hurongwa maviri ( "windose" uye "Linux"), tapota cherechedza kuti Linux partitions pasi Windows pasina chinokosha zvishandiso havasi kuoneka! Saka ngwarira kuti Kudzima "windose" rushoma!

chibatiso nyaya

Pfungwa, kuchengeteka nyaya regai kutamba kwakadaro basa rinokosha, sokunge tiri pavaikurukura zvatinosiita "Windu." Asi pano, zvinosuruvarisa regai faranuka. Unofanira kutevera vamwe zvinokosha zvokungwarira.

Basic kuchengeteka zvinhu wakatozviitirwa ataurwa nesu pamusoro. Chokutanga - hurongwa pasiwedhi runodiwa kuti uiswe uye kuti circumvent ichi hazvibviri. Zvinofanira kusumwa kana kuita chero akavhiyiwa kuti zvimwe kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kombiyuta yako. Pasina pasiwedhi, kuti tsvagai vavashungurudza havazokwanisi yokusuma kuti kombiyuta yako chirongwa chero ruvengo. The chinhu wechipiri kwechigarire kugadzwa inogadziridza. Sezvineiwo, kuti "Minty", nzira iri nyore uye pachena.

Kana mukatarira yokuchengetwa nyaya, unogona kuisa mamwe zvirongwa kuti kudzora parameter ichi. Cherechedza kuti vazhinji zvekushandisa izvi Mabasa kushandisa murayiro mutsetse kumhanya. Nokuti ichi chinangwa chinouraya, icho anokonzerwa kiibhodhi yokudimbudzira Win + T.