Transplantation zvomukati uye munyama. Nhengo transplantation muRussia

Nhengo nekushaya dambudziko nokuda transplantation Ndezvokukurumidzira vose vavanhu rose. vanhu vanenge 18 vanofa zuva nezuva nokuda kwokushayiwa anyatsoronga nhengo uye akapfava munyama, uye kwete kumirira jana ravo. Nhengo transplantation munyika ano vakawanda vakaita kubva vanhu vakafa, uyo achiri mupenyu akasaina kuMudzidzisi zvinyorwa zvavo mvumo kuti kuzozvidzorerwa pashure porufu.

Chii transplantation

Nhengo transplantation ndiyo kubviswa nhengo kana zvinyoronyoro nyama yacho anyatsoronga uye kushandisa navo wacho. The chikuru pokutungamirira Transplantation ndiye transplantation dzinokosha nhengo - ndiko, zviremera avo, pasina iro kuvapo hazvibviri. nhengo idzi dzinosanganisira mwoyo, itsvo nemapapu. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhengo dzakadai rwatata, unogona kutsiva yokutsiva mishonga. Muna nhasi, netarisiro huru kuri kuwedzera upenyu hwomunhu anopa nhego transplantation. Transplantation rave vakabudirira kwaiitwa. Izvi kuchinja mwoyo, itsvo, chitaka, thyroid shwanu, cornea, chirwatata, mapapu, tsinga, ganda, shwashwa uye mapfupa kuumba urongwa aine maonero kuti zvinyama itsva yakaumbwa mune ramangwana. Nokuti nguva yokutanga ine itsvo nokuisazve kubvisa chakasimba renal kukundikana murwere akanga kuitwa 1954, vaipa vane mapatya. Nhengo transplantation mu Russia yakanga kutanga kuitwa Academician Petrovskim B. V. muna 1965.

Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana transplantation

Munyika mune dzakawanda nechirwere chisingarapiki vanhu vanoda nokuisazve zvomukati uye akapfava munyama uyewo tsika nzira Mabatirwo chiropa, itsvo, bapu, mwoyo, kupa chete vambotibatsirwei, asi handishanduki vangasimudzira murwere ezvinhu. Nhengo transplantation chiripo mhando ina. Wokutanga vavo - allotransplantation - kuitika panyaya apo nomupi uye kugamuchira ndezvaMwari chete marudzi, uye wechipiri mhando vari xenotransplantation - nyaya vose nhengo dzakasiyana marudzi. In Kana apo transplantation kuti munyama kana nhengo anobudiswa kubva mapatya kana mhuka akarerwa somugumisiro consanguineous kuberekesana, kuvhiyiwa anonzi izotransplantatsiey. Pazvinhu maviri okutanga, mugamuchiri anenge tinganetseka zvinyama kurambwa, izvo anokonzerwa masoja kudzivirira muviri kuti masero yokumwe. Uye kufanana zvinyama specimens kazhinji kubudirira nani. Mhando yechina inosanganisira autotransplantation - transplanting nyama uye nhengo mukati muviri.

umboo

Sezvo tsika inoratidza kubudirira kushanda kunonyanya kukonzerwa nenguva chirwere uye kutsunga yakarurama pamberi contraindications, uyewo nhengo nokuisazve akanga akatakurwa ari nenguva nenzira. Transplantation anofanira akafanotaura nemamiriro murwere pamberi oparesheni uye pashure. Mukuru chiratidzo kunorapwa ndiyo kuvapo chisingarapiki urema, zvirwere uye pathologies kuti hazvigoni kurapwa kuchirapa uye zvomusejari nzira, uyewo kutyisidzira upenyu murwere. Kana transplantation muvana chinokosha ndiko kuziva Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nguva kunorapwa. Maererano nyanzvi pakati kupfungwa sezvo Institute of Transplantation, Kumbomira vavhiyiwa harifaniri kuitwa pamusoro kutarisira yakareba, sezvinoita kunonoka kukura muviri muduku anogona kuva kusingarapiki. Transplantation zvinoratidzwa kune zvakanaka upenyu fungidziro avhiyiwa zvichienderana Maumbirwe zvokurwara.

Transplantation zvomukati uye nyama

In transplantation, chinonyanya kwakapararira autotransplantation, nokuti anobvisa kusapindirana uye tishu kurambwa. Pakuvhiya dzakawanda vakaperekedza pamusoro ganda transplantation, kuti adipose rinenge uye tsandanyama, shwashwa, mapfupa zvimedu, tsinga, pericardium. Kwakapararira mutsinga uye vascular nokuisazve. Izvi yakaitwa kuti kukura microsurgery ano uye zvokushandisa zvinangwa izvi zvinogoneka kuvonga. The kubudirira kukuru transplantation ndiyo transplantation yezvigunwe kuti rutsoka pamusoro bhurasho. By autologous transplantation anosanganisirawo kuisira ropa rake makuru kurasika kweropa pakuvhiya. Kana allograft kazhinji wakasimwa mumwongo midziyo ropa, mapfupa tishu. boka iri nezvokunetseka ropa nehama. Sezvineiwo kashoma akaita transplantation kuvhiyiwa uropi, chero oparesheni iri kusangana nematambudziko makuru, asi kuchinjwa munhu zvikamu mhuka vakabudirira kwaiitwa. rwatata nokuisazve unokubvumira kumisa kukura ane chirwere chakakomba zvakadai zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga. Mumakore achangopfuura, 7-8 muna 10 remapazi vanobudirira. Panguva iyoyowo zvachose wakasimwa muviri wose, asi chete chikamu - islet masero kuti insulin.

Mutemo uri Nhengo transplantation muna Russian Federation

On nharaunda nyika yedu nokuisazve indasitiri iri noMutemo of Russian Federation kubva 22.12.92 "On transplantation zvomukati uye (kana) zvinyama munhu". MuRussia, kazhinji pavaiita itsvo kuisirwa, dzimwe nguva mwoyo, chiropa. zviri Nhengo nokuisazve mutemo anofunga rutivi ichi senzira kuponesa upenyu uye utano vemunyika. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu chokutanga anoona ndichengetedze upenyu anyatsoronga kune utano wacho wacho. Maererano Federal Mutemo pamusoro Transplantation zvomukati, zvinhu zvinogona mumwongo mwoyo, bapu, itsvo, chitaka uye dzimwe nhengo dzomukati uye munyama. Kubviswa nhengo zvinogona kuitwa yakaita mupenyu, uye akafa. Nhengo transplantation rinoitwa chete rakanyorwa mvumo pamusoro wacho. Inoparura vanogona chete kuva vanhu vanokwanisa vanenge inini zvokurapa kuzviongorora. Nhengo transplantation yokuRussia iri inoitwa pachena, sezvo kutengeswa zvomukati hakubvumidzwi nemutemo.

Vaipa mari transplantation

Maererano Institute of Transplantation, mumwe munhu anogona kuva anyatsoronga kuti nhego kuisirwa. Nokuti vanhu pasi gumi nemakore, unofanira vabereki kuti munotenderana oparesheni. Kana kusaina kuti mvumo kuti nhengo mari pashure pokufa chirwere uye kuongororwa navanachiremba, izvo zvinoita kuti yokusarudza dzomuviri dzinogona kuisirwa. Kunze kubva pamazita vaipa kuti nhengo kuisirwa uye zvinyama vatakuri HIV, chirwere cheshuga, kenza, chirwere cheitsvo, mwoyo uye nezvimwe pathologies zvakakomba. A kufanana transplantation nevamwe kazhinji nokuda aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo - itsvo, bapu, uye unpaired zvomukati - chiropa, bowel, rwatata.

Contraindications kuti transplantation

Nhengo transplantation ane zvimwe contraindications nokuda kuvapo kwezvirwere zvingafananidzwe yakawedzera somugumisiro kuvhiyiwa uye vanotyisidzira upenyu murwere, kusanganisira zvinouraya. contraindications All vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri: kwakakwana uye hama. By Mhedziso dzinosanganisira:

• zvirwere dzimwe nhengo iri ndima nevaya vanoronga kutsiva, kusanganisira kuvapo tibhii, AIDS;
• nokuvhiringidzirwa kushanda zvinokosha nhengo, nechepakati kukuvara tsinga;
• kenza;
• kuvapo malformations uye pakupona, hahuenderani upenyu.

Zvisinei, munguva wokugadzirira kuvhiyiwa nokuda kurapwa uye kubviswa zviratidzo zvizhinji mhedziso contraindications negore muchikwata che hama.

itsvo nokuisazve

Of Kunyanya kukosha mune zvokurapa anotora itsvo nokuisazve. Sezvo iri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo, zviri kubva anyatsoronga haina kuchengetwa zvinetso nomuviri, kutyisidzira hwake. Nokuda peculiarities ropa Kusasvika wakasimwa itsvo unopona zvakanaka kuagamuchira. kwakaita itsvo kuisirwa First yaiitwa mhuka 1902, imwe tsvakurudzo musayendisiti E. Ullman. Kana nokuisazve mugamuchiri, kunyange kusavapo kutsigira mishonga kudzivisa kuramba vatorwa nhengo akararama zvishoma kupfuura mwedzi mitanhatu. Pakutanga, wakasimwa itsvo ari pachiuno, asi gare gare kukura kuvhiya dzakaitwa transplantation kuvhiya kwake pelvic nharaunda, nzira iyi kwaiitwa kusvikira nhasi. Yokutanga itsvo nokuisazve chakaitwa muna 1954 pakati mapatya. Zvino yakaitwa 1959. kuedza munhu itsvo nokuisazve pamapatya akasiyana, uye magadzirirwo aiitwa kukurira batanidza kurambwa, uye vaudzewo kubudirira uchidzidzira. maturusi itsva kuti anogona kuvhara muviri wechisikigo zvenhengo kusanganisira azathioprine wawanikwa, iyo anovanza muviri zvirwere kuzvidzivirira vave kuzivikanwa. Kubva zvino ari transplantation vava zvinowanzoshandiswa immunosuppressants.

kuchengetedza miviri

Chero Nhengo rinokosha, iyo akaronga kuti transplantation pasina ropa romugove uye okisijeni iri pasi kusingarapiki kuchinja, pashure pacho anonzi kukodzera kuti transplantation. For zvomukati zvose, izvi nguva rinowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana - nokuti mwoyo, nguva iri akayera mumaminitsi, nokuti itsvo - maawa mashoma. Naizvozvo, chikuru chinhu pamusoro transplantation ndiko kuti achengetedze nhengo uye kuramba kwavo waivako kumusoro ndinobvisa kupinda mumwe muviri. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, shandisa canning, ndiko kupa muviri pamwe okisijeni uye haachandidi. Itsvo kuitira kuti unogona kuponesa kwemazuva mashomanana. Nhengo Kuchengetedzwa anogona kuwedzera nguva yokutsvakurudza yake uye vakasarudzwa kuagamuchira.

Mumwe nomumwe mitumbi pashure ravakatora hazvo pasi richengetedzwe, izvi akaisa mugaba pamwe chena chando, ipapo kuitisa rinokosha Kuchengetedzwa mhinduro ari tembiricha rworwendo 40 Celsius. Most inowanzoshandiswa nokuda izvi zvinangwa mhinduro inonzi Custodiol. Perfusion anonzi zvakazara wakavhomorwa apo miromo tsinga batanidza makabuda kwakachena ropa zvisaora mhinduro pasina tsvina. Pashure muviri ichi anoiswa ari Kuchengetedzwa mhinduro, rakasara kusvikira nguva hwokushanda.

nokuisazve kurambwa

Kana transplanting ari nokuisazve kupinda mugamuchiri muviri chinova chinhu pamusoro immunological mhinduro. Somugumisiro, unodzivirira kugamuchira zvirwere maitiro inoitika anoverengeka pezvakaitwa panguva cellular pamwero kuti kukonzera kuramba wakasimwa nenyere. azvaiitwa zvinotsanangurwa chizvarwa anyatsoronga-chaizvo antibodies uye maantigen ari kugamuchira zvirwere. Kune mhando mbiri kurambwa - humoral uye hyperacute. In chenjera siyana kuva zvose kurambwa mashandiro.

Rehabilitation uye immunosuppressive kurapwa

Kuti izvi zvisaitika divi maturo pamusoro immunosuppressive ARV ushandiswe zvichienderana nemhando yacho oparesheni, boka ropa, ukuru kugarisana pamusoro anyatsoronga uye wacho, uye murwere ezvinhu. Duku kuramba vakachengeta muna kufanana transplantation zvomukati uye munyama, sezvo iyi, sezvo mutemo, 3-4 antigen kubva 6 rienderane. Naizvozvo, munhu dose maduku immunosuppressants. The yakanakisisa Kupona chinoratidza chiropa. Practice inoratidza kuti muviri anoratidza-gore gumi kupfuura wokurarama pashure pokuvhiyiwa muna 70% wevarwere. Refu maitiro wacho uye batanidza microchimerism kunoitika, vachibvumira nguva zvishoma nezvishoma kuchiderera dose pakati immunosuppressants kusvikira zvizere kurambwa navo.