Unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari. Features drones

In nemaonero vanhu vakawanda, kwete ukama avhiyesheni, unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari vari yakagozha shanduro redhiyo raitungamirirwa womuenzaniso ndege. Mupfungwa, zvazvakaita. Zvisinei, mashandiro mano aya vachangotanga saka siyana kuti chete munhu maonero akadaro havagoni zvakare.

Pakutanga nguva unmanned

Kana isu kutaura otomatiki zvemuchadenga uye nzvimbo kure raitungamirirwa hurongwa, musoro hakusi chitsva. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti mumakore gumi adarika vakaonekwa vamwe mufashoni. At paro, Soviet chomuruki "Buran" akaita nzvimbo ndege pasina vashandi uye akasvika zvakanaka zvino kure 1988 - zvakafanana drone the mano. Photography pose Venus uye mashoko akawanda sayenzi Pasi rino (1965) uyewo akagadzira ari otomatiki uye telemetry muoti. Uye ramakororo zvinoenderana pfungwa pamusoro unmanned rwokugadzira. Uye dzimwe kubudirira akawanda nesayenzi Soviet mune nzvimbo zvekutepfenyura. Dzinobvepi akasimuka akati fashoni? Zvinoita sokuti waiva mugumisiro Zvakaitika muhondo kushandisa michina yakadaro, uye iye waiva mufumi.

Pakutanga, unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari zvinowanzoshandiswa somurume kurovedza chipfuro, kana sezvo zvinobhururuka mabhomba. Yakanga iri rechitatu XX remakore rokutanga, uye nzvimbo anodzokororwa kusvikira pakuguma remakore (pasingaverengwi chitundumusere-musere). Air Nokurasikirwa mu hondo yeVietnam akamanikidzwa nePentagon utungamiri kufunga sei kuderedza vanotambura. Zvakafanana nezvavanofunga chakaita kutanga kukura kunotongwa revhu avhiyesheni zvivako Makontakta Israeli yemakambani.

kupatsanura pakati UAVs

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kukura mukirasi iyi Aerotechnica drones vakanga unmanaged. The rwokugadzirwa chimurenga uye Software kukura chamuita kuti kusikwa kubhururuka marobhoti kushanda yakatarwa algorithm. Mune mamwe mazwi, zano rakadaro anofanira kutanga kuita ndege uri kupiwa nzira zvakarurama pakakwirira, wakaiswa pamusoro pakuvara yemagetsi kurekodha midziyo pamusoro pasi ezvinhu pasi bapiro, kudzoka pokutangira uye kumhara. The musiyano wezvinyorwa pamusoro nhepfenyuro Data munguva chaiyo iri kuongororawo nderekugamuchira pamusoro mhepo, asi nokuda bvuta rose vashandi utariri kwacho, riri chinhu Tracking, asingadi kupindira. Nokuti zvose zvemashoko nzira iyi, ine chinokosha hunonyadzisa. Itai chirongwa kuti vaizoparidzira zvinobvira ezvinhu zvose, hazvibviri. Zvino kwakange chetatu nzira yokugadzirisa managerial mabasa - telemetry. Mutyairi iri pasi, takatarisa mamiriro ezvinhu achishandisa pakuvara kamera iri achinyora zvakafanira ruzivo uye zvisarudzo uyewo mutyairi ane kwakajairika ndege. Nzira iyi inodaidzwa ari kure-piloted. Iye, Sezvineiwo, uye anoshandiswa matoyi, redhiyo kuzvidzora yokutevedzera Zvisinei, zvinodhura zvikuru (marii mazana uye dzimwe nguva zviuru zvemadhora).

Experience kushandisa idzva michina akagashira Israeri Defence Forces (IDF) munguva 1973 hondo. Unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari zvinoshandiswa operative ungwaru, asi huru kukura uye kurema vhidhiyo midziyo panguva rinongotaura yaibvira chokushandisa ichi. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri munyika kuMiddle East munhu asati aziva netariro kure raitungamirirwa ndege, uko zvakakanganisa yemberi kubudirira Israeli vagadziri.

zvinoshamisa-siyana

Ubanguranyika nzvimbo chikumbiro haringorevi. Mainjiniya ari American nemauto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa vakaenda. Mukuwedzera malorazmernikov, vakawana inonzwisisika mhinduro kusika kuvhunduka robotic hurongwa, uye kunyange vaiva. Chokwadi, michina iyi kuva mukuru kutakura zvombo mazana makirogiramu kurema. Size siyana kuwedzerwa uye negwara. Unmanned ndege pamwe zvokuongorora kamera inogona Masked ne shiri kana Tupukanana, basa mirayiridzo iri kare kuitwa, uye mukuru chipingamupinyi pamusoro aibudirira - kusakwana ano manyuko simba, izvo zvinofanira dzinoita-dimensional matatu kufamba dzokuenzanisira mumazuva mashomanana. Panguva ino, "notupukanana" (chaiyo) dzinobhururuka pamusoro kwenguva, akayera mumaawa.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko rugare

Vakanga vari kudiwa, zvechiuto asiwo zvavo drones kwete chete. Mitengo marefu chaizvo (zvichienderana configuration uye zvinogonekwa ose UAVs tehnichsekih hungada pose kubva mumwe ezviuru zvemadhora), asi avo kushandiswa iri zvemari kunobatsira. Ubanguranyika ezvinhu okunze, kutsvaka vawirwa uye vakarasika mugomo makomo, tinyatsonzwisisa echando mamiriro, nhungamiro Mashoko moto musango moto, mabota kufamba munguva kuputika kwemakomo, uye mabasa nevamwe vazhinji nguva dzose anoitwa achishandisa ndege. Vezvikepe uye midziyo yemagetsi vaiva pangozi kuita mishoni ngozi, uye kufungisisa mutengo mafuta uye depreciation, helicopters uye ndege, zvinova zvakajeka chido kushandisa ari kure kuvhiyiwa kana robotic aerosistemy.

Nokuti kudzivirirwa pamiganhu uye kuzvidzora kutama Nhasi unowanzoshandiswa drones. The United States ine muganhu refu pamwe Mexico, apo nyika vari kuedza zvisiri pamutemo vanoverevedza vachipinda zvakanakisisa kushanda illegals, uye akaipisisa - the zvisiri pamutemo akatakura zvinodhaka. matambudziko akafanana zviripo Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. rubatsiro runokosha pakurwisa poaching kunogona kunge unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari. Asi zvakanakira avo akadai yakaderera ruzha, vakaderera kuti maonero, duku kukura, asi vanonyanya kukwezvwa nyika kudzivirira ushumiri munyika.

Properties UAVs

Military drones zvinowanikwa denga kupfuura dzose ndege kana helicopters. Chekutanga, vanogona kuva diki, uye chepiri zvose mabikirwo kuitira pasi maonero pamusoro radar chidzitiro, anoshanda zano iri. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Kana zvakakodzera, imwe ndege kwakadaro kunogona kuva dzakakomba zvikuru uye hukuru. The chikuru mukana interceptor uchishanda robotic rudzi ndiko kugona kuita chero anofambisa pasina kutya kuti mutyairi acharasikirwa kuziva nemhaka kukuru kuzara. ezvinhu ichi chakaita utungamiriri US Air Force kuti bheji pamusoro drones. US paakapiwa kukura kwakadai chombo mari yakawanda, kuenderana chete GDP vamwe nyika. Nhasi zvakaoma kutonga migumisiro kuitwa mumunda Ndege ndege, mashoko pamusoro pavo kwazvo duku, izvo pane zvinogoneka mhedziso zviviri: kana muedzo ibudirire zvakadaro kuti vanofanira akavanzwa, kana vari havaratidzi. Kana musimboti ichi chechipiri zvikuru fungidzira. About pachake kukunda nePentagon nyore anoti, kunyange vari kazhinji exaggerates.

Unmanned Kurwisa ndege "chikara"

Asi pfungwa - was drone the mano. Izvi mhando chombo waishandiswa munguva oparesheni pamusoro Libya (2011). Taishandisa inonyanya mhando, chinorura, une unhu zvakakwana zvakanaka. Zvingangoitika kutakura zvombo kuti vachiridzira pa pasi nhovo kana akatungamirira mabhomba, mukuru (vanopfuura 7 zviuru. M) ceiling aripire nekaupenyu yakaderera nokukurumidza. Pehurumende kubva muvhu pazviteshi, uye munguva ichangopfuura kunyange kwakashanda mukana kure piloting kubva nezvigadziko munharaunda kuUnited States, kuburikidza Satellite Links. Yakadaro ruzivo zavyazannost dzimwe nguva haugari kutamba mumaoko zvido munyika chaizvo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Munguva ushori basa pamusoro Iraq muna 2008, mumwe "chikara" mashoko kwete chete kune muchiuto, asi evapanduki mapoka. Zvakazoonekwa nayo netsaona, mushure kubatwa mumwe Mauto, akanga awana kuti laptop pamwe vhidhiyo. Kuti kuverenga vhidhiyo anoshandiswa-software yakatanga muna Russia.

Panguva yake basa rechiuto, "chikara" vakatambura varasikirwa. Isu ozovadzosa pamusoro Yugoslavia, Iraq uye Afghanistan. Several zvidimbu akavhuniwa nokuda piloting kwokukanganisa uye michina matambudziko. Pari, kwakadai kuvakwa hakusi pakavanda UAV. Munhu anogona kunyange kutenga drones izvi. Zvisinei mutengo kuvimba configuration, uye kupfuura mwero shanduro "matoyi" achaita mari iri-nhamba nomwe dhora mari (mamiriyoni anenge mashanu).

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Drones nyika dzose

Hutungamiri US iri vakazvipira zvechiuto uye kwesayenzi ukuru, muchitenda kuti zvikuru kunzwisisa kurwa unyanzvi, saka zviri rikurumidze. Izvi hazvisi nguva dzose zvechokwadi, asi kuongorora zvinogona kuitwa waishandiswa mharidzo vanofanira kufunga zvido vagadziri. Nhasi, vakawanda vari muchiuto , zvakava pachena kuti basa UAVs muhondo chaiyo zvinhu mukuru, asi crucially zvakaoma kudana, kunyange guru Stretch. Ivo, Chokwadi, kubatsira pasi mauto, asi zvakazara kuunze kubudirira asingagoni, iyo isina yasimbiswa kwete nokukunda mugumisiro mishandirapamwe US Army muna Afghanistan uye Iraq. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika dzakawanda akabatana nhangemutange, chinangwa rakanga kusika zvemberi ichibhururuka robhoti. Features drones akasiyana zvichienderana mabasa vachasangana.

Mukuru budiriro munyaya ino engineering aita Israeri. Pano Chokwadi, zvinokosha zviri kuMiddle East hondo yekutambira. Madaro zvidiki, ubanguranyika basa kunodikanwa nguva inenge zvechokwadi. Pakutanga, matunhu zvinodiwa pamusoro TTD drones akaisa kumhanya kukura mukirasi iyi zvombo, uye ikozvino nyika dzose dziri pangozi yokurwisana omunharaunda, edza kushandisa ruzivo waIsraeri, kutenga midziyo kana kuita kukura kwake. Izvi zvinosanganisira Turkey, India, Britain, zvinenge zvose European NATO nhengo nyika uye Chokwadi, Russia.

Adventures ose drones muRussia

Zvinosuruvarisa kutaura kuti zvakanaka tinyatsonzwisisa yaaizova dzeboka iri zvombo munyika yedu vakagamuchira pakarepo. Vazhinji hunoshamisa nebudiriro nemauto-maindasitiri edu dzakaoma panguva paro ichiri kuronga Soviet, izvo zvose zvaro unhu vakatondeswa, somumwe zvigadzirwa, kuti obsolescence. Munguva yaitonga Bazi Defence Serdyukov pamusoro drones Russian akanga apedza anoyevedza mari - rubles mabhiriyoni mashanu (inenge $ mamiriyoni 170), asi mugumisiro aiva nomwero. Mune mashoko mufundisi, chero tichienzanisa mienzaniso wokumwe mudzimba zviitiko akasaenda. Zvisinei, nezvokuvapo uye drones kukwana nani pane avo kusavapo zvizere. Panguva iyoyowo (2009) kwakasarudzwa rokutanga kutenga muIsraeri, uye ipapo co-kugadzirwa izvi mano ushori zvinangwa.

Yaipedzerwa chibvumirano kusvika Aeronautics Defence Systems kambani akaita inopfuura $ makumi mashanu mamiriyoni (zvidimbu 12). Zvinotevera shanu UAVs "Orbiter" akasiyana yapfuura rakawedzerwa configuration, saka vakanga anodhura, pa 600 zviuru. For neimwe.

Chii chingaitwa kufungisisa zvakaitika inobudirira zvikuru munyika, havafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nemamwe matambudziko kugadziriswa bedzi nezvinhu zvemumba nzira. Intelligence vamapoka hunyambiri-kushandiswa, yakabereka pamwe kwavanoita kunogona chete kupa kwokutanga riwedzere nokuda Russian kugadzirwa. Zvakatora pamusoro kambani "Tupolev", iro rinotarisira pave kunokanganisa drone the mano yakaoma Tu-300. Kune zvimwe, chisarudzo pamusoro kutenga iyo unogashirwa Ushumiri Kudzivirira iri makwikwi hwaro.

Yakawanda bhajeti mari dzinounzwa purogiramu uye kwesayenzi pamwero mudzimba kudzivirira indasitiri achititadzisa tariro kuti drones Russian nokukurumidza kuva yakanaka munyika. Kana, kanenge, haazorambi bvumidza chinhu dzimwe analogues. Kufarira zviri michina akagadzirirwa zvemagetsi hondo.

Uye kuishandisa?

Management UAV iri chaiwo senguva basa mutyairi wendege. Zvinodhura uye kunzwisisa muchina inogona nyore kuputswa pasi, vachiita zveufende kumhara. Zvinokwanisika kurasikirwa somugumisiro munhu akatadza rinoshamisa kana muvengi moto. Sezvo zvisingatomboiti ndege kana neherikoputa, drone the mano anofanira kuedza kuponesa uye goho kure nengozi. Ngozi, Chokwadi, kwete kufanana panyaya "mhenyu" pedyo rikarira asi kukanda michina zvinodhura hakusi zvakakodzera. Nhasi, munyika dzakawanda munyika, murayiridzi uye kudzidzisa zvinhu achiitiswa vezvikepe ruzivo vanenge vawana kudzora UAV. Zvisinei, vanowanzoita havasi vadzidzisi nyanzvi uye kombiyuta nyanzvi, izvi zvingasava kuramba kwenguva refu. Zvinodiwa Kuti "rakapotsa mutyairi wendege" vakasiyana avo dzinoshanda ramangwana kadheti kuti kubvuma kutiza chikoro. Zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti makwikwi pakati vamhan'ari ari dzakagadzirirwa "UAV opareta" vachava wandei.

Kurwadza Ukrainian

Pasina kupinda enyika pakanyorwa kurwisana nezvombo kumabvazuva mudunhu Ukraine, zvinokwanisika kucherechedza chaizvo kundikana kuedza kuita mhepo ushori ndege An-30 uye An-26. Kana rokutanga izvi rakagadzirwa zvikuru zvemuchadenga mifananidzo (zvikurukuru murunyararo), wechipiri - chete dikidiki mutakurwi chokufambisa An-24. ndege Vose vakapfurwa pasi militiamen moto. Asi chii pamusoro drones muUkraine? Sei havana kushandiswa kuwana mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo kuvapanduki? Mhinduro iri nyore. Havasi.

Tikafunga zvechigarire zvemari dambudziko munyika kunoreva anodiwa pakusikwa zvombo ano, akashaikwa. Ukraine drones kundogara padariro rokutanga mazano, kana nyore mukaravhani namano. "Pilotage" Vamwe vavo aunganidzwa kubva redhiyo raitungamirirwa womuenzaniso ndege, yakatengwa muna kuchitoro. Saizvozvowo, ishande uye anopamba. Handizvo kare pamusoro Ukrainian paterevhizheni rakaratidzwa zvichipomerwa downed Russian drone the mano. Photo, iyo inoratidza muenzaniso diki uye kwete zvikuru zvinodhura (asina kukuvara) kusvika artisanal nzira zvakabatanidzwa vhidhiyo kamera, hakugoni kushumira somufananidzo ane simba hasha muchiuto pamusoro "muvakidzani rwokumusoro."