"Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow": iri kuongorora. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" Vorobyov: pfupiso

On the Great Patriotic War zvakanyorwa zvikuru. A kanoda mabhuku panyaya iyi, rinobvisa vanonzi "refutenendi" kana "mugoronga" prose kuti akazviratidza 50-60-ies. It anoshanda nemasoja akare, kubva yavo zvakaitika wakaziva kutyisa mugoronga upenyu uye muhondo. Avo nemanzwiro zvinokosha chaizvo kuti muverengi, nokuti akanyora pamusoro nezvavakaona nemaziso avo. Pakati pavo, nyaya Konstantina Vorobeva "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow," rakanyorwa muna 1961 uye "World Itsva" magazini yakabudiswa makore maviri gare gare.

Writers vachinzwisisa Frontline pakuonekwa chigadzirwa sezvo kutekenyedzwa. Zvisinei, nehurumende yeChina vaisagutsikana imwe munyori kwaiita mufananidzo hondo. Somugumisiro zita emunyori nokuti akadzimwa mabhuku Soviet nguva refu, rwakazokura kwaari akarova chaiyo. Chete 80s, pashure pokufa K. Vorobiev, yakatsviriridza kamwe zvakare, kusanganisira maererano neimwe, kare unpublished mabasa ari muchiuto musoro - "! Zvinoita isu, Ishe"

Autobiographical nyaya

Njodzi munyori haagoni kunzi nyore. Kunyange asati hondo K. Vorobiev, uyo uduku taiswera Kursk mudunhu, akanga muMoscow. Chikonzero chaiva nhetembo rakanyorwa naye pamusoro porufu Kuibyshev uye ine unflattering akataurwa pamusoro Stalin. Munyori ramangwana rakamanikidzwa kusiya guta rake chizvarwa, iyo yakaponesa iye kubva zvikuru oneka yakaipa.

MuMoscow, Vorobiev, aiva akareba 1,83 M uye katsamba iri autobiography "pakati vanhuwo zvavo," aiva pakati Cadets, iyo Kremlin kambani yakaumbwa. Izvi kwaiva kutanga zvinosuwisa kuti vanobatanidzwa mubasa akazotevera "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow."

Muna October 1941, apo yechiFascist mauto yakatanga guru-pamwero yakarwisa guru, uye Soviet kazhinji akamuka akakomba uye dzakamanikidzwa mumusiye, vakanga vasina uto ruzivo, vakabata chete nepfuti sezvechinyakare (zvakadai kurwiwa World Vokutanga) vaduku Cadets, kusanganisira uye K. Vorobiev, takaendeswa kune mberi. The dambudziko wavo rinotsanangurwa zvakajeka - kudzivirira nzira kuMoscow. Zvino - musangano munzira kuenda mberi pamwe NKVD mauto, zvakagadzirirwa kuongorora yavo munguva yehondo; hondo yokutanga achikanganisa kuti vazhinji zuro wacho vadzidzi Wakapedzisira; musungwa, uye pakupedzisira zvinobudirira akaronga pashure kuedza kakawanda kutiza, pachivande musasa remagandanga yokuzviparadzanisa kare munyika. Zvose izvi ruzivo munyori, uye ipapo zvinorondedzerwa ake vechokwadi chaizvo uye vatorwa havadi zviremera enganonyorwa uye nyaya, kwenguva refu vave dzisingambosvikiki kuti muverengi.

pfupiso

"Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - ndiyo nyaya pfupi kwazvo (nyaya rinotaura nguva hwamazuva 5 Mazuva) Kugara pamberi vaduku, vakasimba mumuviri, vadzidzi mazana maviri namakumi mana utano. Mutete nemapoka ose sezvo ari selection, majaya mukutanga mabasa vachifora mberi mutsetse. Vane tariro uye vari kuita nekuchinja ezvinhu Vachitarisira kuti mabasa ramangwana. The muverengi kubva peji rokutanga hwakamirira tsaona mugumisiro - ichi kunounza musoro nyaya. Zvechokwadi, pashure mashoma pakurarama achava chete mumwe wavo - vachiri vaduku uye ruzivo mukuru Aleksey Yastrebov. asara varwi vose 239 ichabaya Moscow. Kuongororwa zvinokonzera izvi zvinotyisa zviitiko uye matongosika hwaro nyaya.

Paunenge kuongorora zviri muverengi anouya yaityisa mhedziso. Kutaura zvazviri, aiva nyore: majaya masoja kushanda kushandiswa sezvo kanoni zvokudya nokuda vanosarudza kuparadza muchiuto nomuvengi. Munyori hurukuro pamusoro sei vakatumirwa kurwa nepfuti, magirinedhi anoverengeka uye Molotov cocktaileja - kwete pfuti zvakakwana. Pakutanga, zvichiita kushatirwa zviito ruzivo vehondo uye dzavo ongororo. Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow vaduku vakomana vaiva mhosva yavo. Ndinorangarira kuti kudiwa shure mumhirizhonga akatumira kubva kumuzinda havasi chimiro. Somugumisiro, nguva kununura vana akarasika sezvo Ryumin, mutungamiri chehondo, mune zvose ajaira murayiro, haana kuvimba yedzimudzangara ake dzinogamuchidzanwa kuburikidza isingazivikanwi murwi, uye kutarisira zvakanyorwa chisimbiso. Uye wenhema kudavira kuti nokukurumidza vavabatsire svika, wakaisa upenyu vakomana mazana maviri namakumi mashanu anongoda unarmed mu kuvimba vaya vagara nyore kusarudza zvaitika vanhu vazhinji.

Nhoroondo paumbwe munhu Alekseya Yastrebova

The protagonist of yokufungidzira K. Vorobyov "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - jaya refutenendi, masvondo maviri chete adarika akahwina musoro uye akatuma kurayira mu chehondo pakati Cadets. Muverengi inova chapupu sei zvakaoma kuenda Mougins Alexei Yastrebova. Kwenzvimbo itsva rakapiwa kwaari vachinetseka, mirairo yake yokutanga anopa inzwi achirira hainyatsozivikanwi, uye nguva dzose otarira, achitarisira kuona pedyo ruzivo komuredhi, chii vaiva regimental mukuru uye murayiridzi enyika Ryumin Anisimov. Nokuti iye, pakutanga zvose nguva - ichi richisimbisa Konstantin Vorobyov. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - nyaya zviitiko, kutiudza pamusoro paumbwe chimiro pakunamata. Pamberi muverengi pemipata uye pakarepo zvakaitika kurwisana. Zvino umhondi zvokutanga German umo Alex panguva haaoni muvengi, asi munhu (pfungwa muvengi achauya pashure, somugumisiro ruzivo). Uye kutya mudzidzi, chakatsikirirwa pasi achiedza kutiza. Pakutanga, akanga chokuita refutenendi mutengesi, sezvo Hawks havana pakarepo asina kuziva kuti iye pachake panguva ino haazvibati nenzira yakafanana sezvo kuedza kutiza. Zvakanga pachena, uye sei mudzidzi aigona kubvunza Yastrebova kupfura iye - ingadai vakaponeswa kubva zvichibvira kubatwa. Chete pashure pechinguva Alex vaizonzwisisa uye vanoziva chokwadi kuti, atarisana norufu, murume anova simba uye anokwanisa zvinhu kare akaita mhosva yake: kuuraya shamwari kana pachako, tiza kana kuvanza vachiedza kuzvidzivirira. Uye chokwadi kuti rufu chero vadzidzi mhosva waiva mugumisiro zvisarudzo akatorwa ikoko, muMoscow, apo vanhu vakura, vakawanda vacho havana kuziva hondo pachedu, nyore akatumira rufu vanakomana "yavo".

Saka, mupfungwa kuibvisa iri gamba panguva nechepakati nyaya - kuti zvinobatsira kunzwisisa ongororo yayo. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - rakasiyana chigadzirwa nokuti kunotiita kufunga nezvezvaunoda kutyisa fascism, asiwo basa muchinangwa chiitiko kunoitika munhu uye hurongwa rikamuka muSoviet Union.

realism Vorobyova

Chimwe mukana yokufungidzira uri (riri vachibvumirana kuzivikanwa munyori-musoja), kuti zvinoratidza hondo kubva mukati, pasina Gloss uye anoda chinhu kunatsiridza. Somugumisiro, nokukurumidza pashure racho muna 1963, nyaya iyi "vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" kwenguva refu akanga pakati wairambidza zvigadzirwa.

Chii emunyori realism kwakaratidzwa nemufananidzo pakurwa?

Chokutanga, muverengi rinotaurwa vanhuwo: kukahadzika dzavo uye kutya, kukangaidzika uye kuora mwoyo. Maitiro avo nguva muhondo sezvingatarisirwa, vane simba rokushandura chinhu, uye kazhinji havasi kunyatsonzwisisa zviri kuitika. Manzwiro yakajeka wose - kutya rufu, chido kuzvidzivirira - hakuiti zvitadzise zvemashoko vaduku vakomana, uye anonyatsoteerera kuna Konstantin Vorobyov. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - bhuku rino hazvisi vaya, kufanana Major General Pereverzev, akabvarura kure insignia ake uye akaedza kutiza. vatambi vake - vanhu, achiziva choga chikamu rudzi rukuru, vachitamburira kuti kusunungurwa kwavo. The kutanga Pfungwa kuhondo sezvo nzvimbo zvakapembererwa kutsiviwa pakarepo yakura vakomana vazive vakawanda njodzi nezano rinotyisa akundwa upenyu norugare rugare.

Naturalistically wakavhomorwa nomunyori yechiitiko netsoka yakabvamburwa ari shangu, kutanga zvakashamisa Alexei: Ndianiko akaisa ikoko? Asi hazvibviri kukanganwa matambudziko vakakuvadzwa mudumbu akafa Anisimova, akaramba achiti: "Veza ...", uye tevere, pamusoro jazi rake, "rwakawanda Coil kuti chinhu vapenyu" - Maonero pakati Alexis. Kunenge kuti kubva mumapeji yokufungidzira K. Vorobyov inoti musoja ose akaurayiwa pedyo Moscow.

Basa hondo pamwe michini inifanduri rechiuto

Mumwe mutambi, zvinokosha kunzwisisa yemunyori chinangwa - Captain Rumin, izvo kubva pakutanga raiva vadzidzi munhu anoyemurika. Uye zviri zvikuru inopindirana kune chii aifanira kuva mupurisa chaiye. Vamwe vaverengi vangadaro vakavhiringidzika yechiitiko mumusha. Sei Ryumin aifanira kuita kurwa maturo kuti havaizokwanisa kushandura chinhu, nekuti njodzi raisazobudirira kambani? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu chaizvoizvo nyore. Ryumin anoziva kuti ake pasi vakanga vakatongerwa, uye anovapa mukana kunzwa rufu chairo nemasoja. Zvechokwadi, vadzidzi vakauya kubva kuhondo akura, kunzwa pachako kubatanidzwa pakuponesa rudzi. Havasi vachidanidzira nenzwi masirogani, asi ruzivo zvakazara kufara kukunda yake yokutanga. Inogona angapokana kuti yakafanana kunzwa akanga mumwe vakaurayiwa nemasoja pedyo Moscow, sezvo kwaiva kudzivirira guta - moyo nyika yake yaakaberekerwa.

The yokupedzisira chiitiko nyaya

Last peji averengwe anoshanda nesimba. Muverengi akamboona sei asinganetseki, kurota pamusoro heroism vakomana mazuva mashanu akakura kuva murume chaiye, nzira itsva kuongorora pachavo uye mamwe masoja. Aleksey Yastrebov, uyo akapupurira nzufu dzakawanda uye sei akafa Ryumin, nokungwaririra anobata Molotov rufu uye nenhokwe kuti tangi. Panguva ino, haasi kutya kufa uye kunoita Feat uye akarurama zvachero pasina kufunga nezvazvo. Saka mutengo kukunda runowanikwa, izvo haangaoni masoja akaurayiwa pedyo Moscow. Short nezvetsaona Alexei chizvarwa imba sekuru vake pakarepo hatimanikidziki kwaari muna chimwe, uye kare uye chipo. Zvino wakati avhura vamwe, kwete nemhepo chokwadi nei zvose zvinoitwa. Zvichiguma 5 mazuva ruzivo zvachose maonero ake, sezvinoonekwa utsinye akarera mumwoyo make kuvenga muvengi.

The mupfungwa chezvinonhuwira chigadzirwa

Nzvimbo inokosha nyaya K. Vorobyov "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" yaigarwa yomukati monologues jaya Alexei Yastrebova uye noruzivo mukuru wekambani Captain Rumin, achiwedzera kuziva dambudziko ezvinhu uye inokurukura pachake zvematongerwo zvinoitika. Last akauya bato uye rinoshandiswa kuvimba yokungotaura kukarukureta. Aidavira kuti aigona kudzora zvinhu, asi nokukurumidza anoziva kuti pfungwa dzake dzose akatendeuka kuva fungidziro. Ryumin aisagona kutsungirira marwadzo nehana uye akazviuraya. Yakanga isiri mhosva yake kuti izvi zvose zvaitika, asi vakapa mutongo. Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo ndiwo mashoko okupedzisira mukuru, vanomiririra chaikonzera zviri kuitika zvechokwadi: "woupombwe! Pashure pezvose, zvakanga zvose kwatiri kuratidza zvakawanda Spain! "Vanopa ainyatsoratidza kuti Stalin. Somuenzaniso, kukura nezviito uye kuchinja maonero mukuru, sezvinoratidzwa nezviito zvake, kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuitika, kufungisisa uye ongororo. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - basa rinoratidza sei vanhu muhondo iri kuedzwa Humanism. Pano pakarepo zvinova pachena ndiani uyo.

The yepakutanga shanduro nokuguma nyaya

Rinhiko ane nayo: maminitsi kana maawa mashoma - Alex haana kunzwisisa. Akamuka zvaakanga azvuzvurudzirwa kubva paguva maoko simba, uye akanzwa pamusoro musoro mutauro wokuGermany, uye kuseka noushamwari. "... kumusana uye nzvimbo mumuviri apo vanhu vokuGermany ndokupfura vene ake, vagara noushamwari uye zvinofadza ..." Alex akasimuka akaona richipfuta ukapisa murwi, zvakanga zvakavigwa kugara mupenyu Cadets. Ichi kutanga shanduro kuguma nyaya "vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow." Analysis okupedzisira - zvakanzi rakurudzira kuti munyori kuchinja uye kuti zvakawanda netariro - inotungamirira kwemamiriro sei dzakaipisisa waiva mwedzi hondo nokuti nyika yeSoviet rokutanga. Asi zvakanga chete zvakachengetedzwa. Vorobiev pachake akatenda kuti kwokupedzisira shanduro chigadzirwa hapana muduku akaratidza kutya chii aifanira kutarisana nechemberi "vatsva". Kunyanya kuti Alexei, vakapukunyuka kubva mugehena, akanga akasiyana zvachose munhu: akaomesa, zvikuru kuti uongorore zvakare kuti anogona kudzivirira vaya vairarama pake. Open nemagumo rinoratidza zvakawanda mugumisiro zviitiko, asi anosiya tariro yokuti gamba kuchine kukwanisa kutiza, uye achabatsira kuti kukunda.

zvichireva nganonyorwa

Humanism, basa, heroism, paumbwe yevanhu munhu, mutoro zviito zvavo, kukwanisa mutsoka uye kunzwisisa mumwe - kwete nyore pane izvi pfungwa mubasa rake rinoti K. Vorobyov. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - nyaya pfupi pamusoro chiitiko paupenyu nemunyori, imwe mhando nyevero, ndiro imwe vhidhiyo, mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange tsika confessional. Chii chakaitika ari anotyisa forties - Nde pfungwa nemunyori - hatifaniri kukanganwa chero zvazvingava.

Zvinoumba "namachinda makuru 'prose

Works akasika 50-60s, yakasiyana avo kuti zvakanyorwa muhondo kana pakarepo pashure pacho. Izvi zvakadzama kuongorora inowedzerwa tsananguro zviitiko. "Vakaurayiwa pedyo Moscow" - kwete kunze. V. Astafjevs akaona kuti nyaya haagoni kuverenga saizvozvo, iye haagoni kusiya munhu hanya. Kubva nezvibhakera varo vari compressed uye pane chido chimwe chete: kuti ichi haana zvinoitika zvakare. Chinhu Kuzivikanwa kuti K. Vorobiev akakwanisa kuratidza zvizere utsinye kuti nebope zvakadaro, kuti vanhu vafunge sei kuzhinji upenyu hwevanhu. Asi - chidzore basa iri hondo mauto ose aiva mafungiro nayo, kusanganisira mamiriro uye hutungamiri kwayo.