Valve Assembly: kushanda musimboti uye dunhu

Kuti matambudziko ano nemazvo kuzvidzora hurongwa vari kuwedzera kushandiswa vharafu injini. It kunoratidzwa zvakanakira huru yakadai mano, uyewo basa inotungamirwa microelectronics kadambari nezvaanogona. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, vanogona kupa yakakwirira arambe achirema muzano pakutsanangura uye simba kunyatsoshanda zvichienzaniswa mamwe marudzi injini.

Driving injini vharafu

Injini ine zvinotevera:

1. shure muviri.
2. Stator.
3. Kupa.
4. rinobva dhisiki (rotor).
5. Kupa.
6. stator pamwe windings.
7. pamberi redzimba mugove.

In vharuvhu yacho injini pane kuwirirana pakati multi-danho stator ichitenderera uye rotor. Ivo kupa zvachose magnets a uye Integrated nzvimbo Switch. Achitaurazve mudziyo chaitwa achishandisa convert zvokuti akawana zita.

Driving injini vharafu anoumbwa yokupedzisira uye majana bhodhi sensors, aitaridzika ruoko pamusoro mugodhi uye kubereka rotor magnets a insulating mhete coils muchirimo trelchatoy zvenguva ruoko Switch Hall, kuputira, housings uye conductors.

Kana yeimwe windings "nyeredzi" mudziyo ane huru zvechigarire nguva, saka ungano iri inoshandiswa nokudzora namasanhu. Kana kwokuva windings "Triangle" anogona kushandiswa anoshanda pamatunhu aimhanya. Kazhinji, nhamba danda maviri rinowanikwa nokuwanda rotor magnets a kuti kukubatsira kuona nhamba zvemagetsi uye nomuviri nokumukirana.

The stator inogona kugadzirwa nesimbi-akasununguka kana simbi core. Kushandisa zvakagadzirwa zvakadai kune wokutanga musimboti, zvinokwanisika kuti nechokwadi kusavapo kukwezvana ari rotor magnets a, asi pakarepo ichi, kuderedzwa 20% injini kunyatsoshanda nokuti kwakaderedza kugara torque ukoshi.

With zano anogona kuonekwa kuti stator kuitika iri zvakapararira munyika windings uye rotor iri anosikwa uchishandisa mukuru-simba zvachose magnets a.
Legend:
- VT1-VT7 - transistor communicators;
- A, B, C - danho windings;
- M - motokari torque;
- DR - the rotor nzvimbo Switch;
- U - kudzora injini simba zvitengeswa voltage;
- S (rwezasi), N (North) - achitungamirirwa magineti;
- UZ - Frequency convert;
- BR - nokukurumidza Switch;
- VD - Zener diode;
- L - inductance Coil.

Engine Driving chinoratidza kuti imwe huru zvakanakira ari rotor, umo magnets a zvechigarire vari yakaiswa, ndiko kuderedza dhayamita ayo uye, sezvo zvakaguma rutapudzo ari panguva inertia. mano kwakadaro kunogona kuvakwa muimba mudziyo pacharo, kana riri pamusoro wayo pechiso. Achideredza of chinoratidza kwazvo kazhinji kunotungamirira kune diki tsika nepakati nguva inertia pamusoro injini uye mutoro wayo kuderedzwa kuti mugodhi, iyo zvinoomesa kushanda tikachirega. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vagadziri anogona kupa mureza uye kwakawedzera 2-4 nguva Nguva inertia.

How akunoita

Nhasi ava dzakakurumbira chaizvo vharafu injini, nheyo iyo inobva pakuti mudziyo controller anotanga chinja kubva stator windings. Nokuda ichi remagineti Vector anogara zvava pedyo necheparutivi kusvika 900 (-900) hama kuti rotor. The controller rakagadzirirwa uno kudzora iyo zvinofamba kuburikidza injini windings, kusanganisira kwakakura remagineti yacho stator. Saka, zvinobvira kuchinja nguva, iyo kunokanganisa mudziyo. Paakati angled pakati vectors vangasarudza vachishandisa kutenderera mirayiridzo kuti anoita pamusoro payo.

Yeuka kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro dzemagetsi madhigirii (vari duku zvikuru geometric). Somuenzaniso, isu ngaaverenge vharuvhu yacho injini kusvika rotor, iro pacharo rine 3 danda yezvinoita. Ipapo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri angled zvichava 900/3 = 300. maviri aya 6 zvinopa danho commutation pakati windings, zvino, ndiko kuti stator kungaita Vector hopping 600. Kubva ichi chinogona kuonekwa kuti yorusvingo ichi pakati vectors zvichaita hazvo dzinosiyana 600 kusvika 1200, kubva rotor kutenderera.

Valve injini, nheyo iyo inobva neizvi kutotanga nokuchinja, nekuti icho excitation zvinoyerera kuchengeta nekaupenyu kuramba kwebasa armature, pashure kudyidzana kwavo anotanga kuti vaunze kutenderera nguva. It kunoita kuti adzorere rotor nenzira yakadaro kuti zvose shinda uye armature rienderane pamwe chete. Asi apo zviri akashandura Switch anotanga chinja kubva coils uye kuerera kunoita kuti danho rinotevera. Panguva iyi, Pamusana Vector achabviswa, asi vanoramba zvachose mira tichishandisa kusvika rotor zvinoyerera iyo pakupedzisira pave torque mugodhi.

zvakwakanakira

Kushandisa injini vharuvhu ichishanda, rinogona kuzivikanwa zvakanakira dzakadaro:

- mukana kushandisa-siyana nokukurumidza nokuda nadzurudzo;

- High emuchina uye nokukurumidza;

- kunonyanyisa Positioning zvakarurama;

- kuduku rechengetedzo mari;

- mudziyo anogona kunzi kune kuputika-uchapupu zvivako;

- nayo anokwanisa kubvisa guru zadzisa torque;

- yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda riri vanopfuura 90%;

- vari kutamira zvemagetsi vaaizivana, izvo yekudyidzana inowedzera upenyu basa uye mukurumari;

- in kuramba ichishanda hapana overheating kuti injini.

kutadza

Pasinei kuwanda zvakanaka, vharafu injini anewo nekuipira ichishanda:
- mumwe asi kunzwisisa motokari kudzorwa;
- vashoma yakakwirira mutengo midziyo nokuda kushandiswa kwayo pamasikiro rotor, ine zvechigarire magnets a unodhura.

Valve inductor injini

Kushandisa-inductor injini - zano chinopa kutsvaira rinobva nemishonga. The simba kutendeuka mairi kunoitika nokuda zvachinja inductance pakati windings, izvo iri stator mazino achitaura giya apo anozunungusa rinobva rotor. Feeding mudziyo anogamuchira yemagetsi convert rave nokuchinja injini windings mu kwokuomerwa kwebasa rotor.

Kushandisa inductor-gwenya zvakaoma hwakaoma kunzwisisa umo siyana zvinoriumba kushanda pamwe chete wavo panyama. Nokuti anobudirira akaitwa vakadaro mano zvinodiwa zvakadzama ruzivo pamasikiro michina uye hurongwa uyewo zvemagetsi, electromechanical uye microprocessor rwokugadzira.

mudziyo Modern anoita somunhu injini, kushanda pachiimbwa zvemagetsi convert izvo neve Integrated Michina uchishandisa microprocessor. Kunoitawo kuti kushandisa unhu utariri injini nezvakanakisisa simba kugadzira.

injini ehupfumi

mano kwakadaro vane yakakwirira simba, mukuru zadzisa kugona uye Positioning yakarurama. Nokuda kuti havana zvinofamba zvikamu, avo kushandiswa zvinogoneka munzvimbo putika hasha ezvinhu. Motors vakadaro akataurawo uye brushless, chavainyanya zvinobatsira, zvichienzaniswa kuti muteresi, mumwe velocity iyo kunoenderana voltage ari kuchaja pfungwa. Uyewo, mumwe chinokosha ndiko kushaya kusakara uye kukweshera okunze, izvo ufambe neshamwari, saka panova zvekuvaka kushandiswa mudziyo.

DC brushless Motors

All DC brushless Motors anganzi. Vanoshanda uri mumidziyo pamwe DC. Gungano mumakwenzi inowaniswa kubatanidza zvemagetsi mumatunhu ari rotor uye stator. Chikamu ichi ndicho pangozi uye pachinzvimbo zvakaoma kuramba uye kugadziriswa.

Valve DC injini inoshanda ichocho sezvo zvose synchronous mano ichi mhando. Zviri namahwindo Hurongwa dzine simba semiconductor convert ari rotor nzvimbo Switch uye murongi.

Valve AC Motors

mano aya vanogamuchira simba ravo kubva samambure kuti rakatumbuka ano. Rotor nokukurumidza uye wokutanga harmonic inofamba iri stator rinobva masimba rienderane. Izvi subtype injini zvinogona kushandiswa pane mukuru masimba. boka iri zvinosanganisira and uye ndege vharafu midziyo. A pachena chepfungwa paunenge mudziyo chinhu discrete chisina kutsetseka misha yacho rotor panguva huchishanda. Power windings chakaumbwa semiconductor zvinoriumba. Control brushless injini riri kuitwa sequential misha yacho rotor, uye iyo pave simba rayo Nokuchinja kubva ichitenderera nomumwe. Kombiyuta inogona rakakamurwa one-, mashanu kana multi-danho, yokutanga iro ringave riine mavambo ichitenderera kana dunhu danho-kuchinja, uye akaparirwa manually.

Nheyo nokushanda synchronous motokari

Valve synchronous injini inoshanda kwakavakirwa kudyidzana pakati rinobva minda rotor uye stator. Schematically, remagineti inogona hwaimiririrwa kutenderera mumwechete zvakanakira magnets a izvo kufamba kumhanya simba remagineti yacho stator. Munda rotor zvingadyiwawo ichifananidzwa magineti zvechigarire, izvo zvinoita madzoro synchronously chete stator munda. Pasina chinhu torque zvokunze iyo rinoshandisirwa muchina mugodhi akabatana rienderane. Kukanganisa nesimba kukwezvana upfuure akabatana yamatanda uye anogona aripire mumwe. The angled therebetween akaenzana razero.

Kana pamusoro nomubato muchina huchachinja braking torque, kuti rotor Uchibviswa yakananga kunonoka. Nokuda anoyevedza masimba vari rakakamurwa zvinoriumba kuti tinotungamirirwa pamwe akabatana pamwe kuita uye perpendicular danda akabatana. Kana rikashandiswa zvokunze torque, iyo pave kumhanyisa, kureva, anotanga kuita zvataurwa kutenderera, mufananidzo uri kukurukurirana kwamafuro rakachinja zvachose. Thrust chisina kutsetseka misha anotanga kuchinja nekusiyana, uye munyaya ino, kuchinja peDare tangential simba uye matambudziko remagetsi torque. In Muchiitiko ichi, injini inova akamedura uye muchina unoshanda sechipiriso jenareta iyo vatendeuka vaipa kune nomubato kuti magetsi zvokuimba simba. Uyezve, zviri redirected kuti pomumbure unokupai yacho stator.

Kana hapazovi zvokunze, salient-danda anotanga kutora nguva nzvimbo panguva iyo remagineti pamusoro stator danda akabatana rinobatana ane longitudinal. Urongwa uhwu zvichaita dzinoenderana shoma chokubuda kuramba ari stator.

Kana izvi pamusoro braking torque pamusoro muchina rotor mugodhi zviri vakatsauka, sezvamakaropafadzwa remagineti pamusoro stator iri akaremara, sezvo kuerera ruchigona mubve maererano zvinenge. Kuti uone ichi raida simba mitsetse, iyo dzidziso neimwe pfungwa zvichaita dzinoenderana kwebasa simba, saka kuti shanduko yomusango kuchaguma tangential kudyidzana.

Zvatakurukura pezvakaitwa zvose izvi synchronous Motors, zvinokwanisika kuziva zvomuenzaniso nhungamiro reversibility Michini siyana, pane mukana zvemagetsi mudziyo upi kuchinja dzidziso pamusoro vakatendeutswa simba zvakashandurwa.

Brushless zvachose magineti Motors

Valve injini ine magineti zvechigarire inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvakakomba kudzivirira uye maindasitiri mafomu sezvo mudziyo akadaro ane guru kuchengeterwa kukwanisa uye kunyatsoshanda.

mano aya zvinowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zvinoda vade simba zvinodyiwa uye duku kukura. Vanogona kuva akasiyana-siyana kukura, pasina kwezvinhu zvatisingakwanisi. Panguva iyoyowo, makuru mano hazvisi hachizi itsva, kazhinji berekai makambani kuti vanotsvaka kukunda matambudziko emari kuti tizvidzore siyana izvi namano. Vane zvakwakanakira zvavo, pakati inova yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda nokuda nazvo zviri rotor uye yakakwirira nesimba arambe achirema. Kudzora brushless Motors vanoda shanduka Frequency nemotokari.

Kuongororwa mari uye kubatsirwa kunoratidza kuti mudziyo mumwe magineti yechigarire zvakawanda zvinodiwa achienzaniswa nezvimwe kumwe ruzivo. Kakawanda vari kushandiswa maindasitiri pamwe rinorema zvakakwana purogiramu kushanda kuti zvomumvura michini, muchiuto uye kuzvidzivirira indasitiri nezvimwe zviyero, nhamba iri mberi kuwedzera.

jeti injini

Valve-ndege injini vakavhura kushandisa maviri chinhanho windings izvo yakanyatsoiswa kumativi akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana stator nematanda. Unopa simba kuti rotor inofamba maererano namatanda. Saka, kushorwa yake ipfupi kushoma zvachose.

Valve injini, akasikwa nemaoko avo, anopa yakakwirira ngarurege pakukurumidza optimized remagineti kushanda pamwe neizvi. Information pamusoro nzvimbo rotor inoshandiswa kudzora pomugove voltage maitikiro, sezvo iri optimum kuti kuwana torque kuramba kumeso uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda.

Anonongedzera unobereka jeti injini, seari pamusoro chisina kutsetseka unsaturated kutotanga inductance. Minimum nemishonga danda mudziyo zvachose rinoenderana kunonyanyisa inductance.

Positive nguva kunogona kuwanikwa chete panguva pamakona kana zvakanaka zviratidzo. Yakaderera aimhanya Pasika pari inofanira zvakawanda kuitira kuti kudzivirirwa zvemagetsi kubva kumusoro voltage-seconds.
The Kutendeuka mashandiro anogona kufananidzirwa mutsetse reactive simba. Cardinality zvezvinotaurwa inechirevo simba riri dzikwanise zvokuimba simba. In zvinoitirwawo unopinza dzoro kure zvakawandisa kana residual simba unodzokera kuna stator. Minimum parameters simba remagineti pamusoro chokupika mudziyo ndiwo musiyano mukuru kubva zvakafanana namano.