Vasily Katchalov - achitungamirira mutambi of Moscow Art Theater

Actor Vasily Kachalov aizivikanwa yemitambo nyika uyewo Leonardo da Vinci ari unyanzvi nyika. Iye mudzidziso zvose ndechokuti nhasi tinoti matarenda Artist yeSoviet. Figure bhuku, haana kumbodzidza achiita, kunakidzwa hunoshamisa yevedza wemashiripiti.

panotangira

11.02.1875, muna Vilna (Vilnius ano) mumhuri mupristi Ioanna Shverubovicha, abbot ane chechi yeOrthodox, wechitatu mwanakomana akaberekwa. Yakanga Vasiliy Kachalov. Biography mutambi anorondedzerwa zvakadzama V. Ya. Vilenkinym, uyo akataura pamusoro mwana ramangwana penya Artist. Baba akabva Belarusian vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, mai vake rakanga Polish uye Lithuanian midzi. Mhuri wakaitwa dzidzo chikoro nehasha, mwana Basil varohwa zvikanganiso. Kuwedzera vakura mbiri hama, zera musiyano waiva nemakore 10-15 Papera, vasikana vaviri vakaberekerwa: Sonya uye Sasha. Vakanga chirikadzi mangwanani uye okupedzisira makore 26 vave pasi tutelage pamusoro V. Kachalov, izvo vaigara pamwe chete.

Mukomana dzidzo kwazvo muna 1st Girama School, izvo panguva imwe chete kudzidza F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Vachikurudzirwa baba vake vakanga vaita basa pamwe artistry kukuru uye pathos inzwi rake, iye akakwira cabinet uye vaiita declamation. Great zvakamuorora akaita chokupika "The Demon" vilnenskogo yemitambo, izvo vakatsunga muropa. At girama chikoro dhomitari Chiitiko, iye ari wechitanhatu mwana wechikoro, akaita debut yake basa wemapurisa, pakarepo akava munharaunda Celebrity. Zvino pakanga basa uye Nozdryov Podkolosina, zvechokwadi chido yomunharaunda yemitambo. Zvisinei, jaya akaenda kuita muSt Petersburg University mumakwara mukuru Anastas mukoma wake, achiratidza kuti zvinorevei kuti vakadzidza. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov kusiya musha nevabereki muna 1894-m.

Tanga kuita basa

Kunyoresa muchikoro mutemo, jaya pakarepo anova ubatanidzwe ari mumutambo boka uye zvakafanana anopedza nguva yake yose Alexandria Theatre. On kurumbidza kwacho ari mutambi M. I. Pisareva rakaidzwa se Valero Moliere "The Miser" yemitambo diki (kutungamirirwa E. Karpov) agamuchira chikomborero kwechikuva uye kuziva iripo tarenda. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (mufananidzo muduku anoratidzwa munyaya) ndakadzidza mutambi mukuru V. N. Davydova, uyo akatungamirira panguva kirabhu mudzidzi yemitambo. Kubudirira wake wokutanga basa Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "Forest"), izvo 1895 chinoitirwa pachena. Sedziri VN Davydov vakauya pamwe tarenda muduku.

At 21, jaya iri kare ava nyanzvi mutambi Suvorinsky yemitambo ane mari 50 rubles. Kana achiita chibvumirano A. S. Suvorin yakarumbidza kushandura zita Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich zvakawanda zvinopindirana. Saka mutambi yakaonekwa remadunhu- iro anozivikanwa munyika yose. Jaya vakabudirira aibatanidza nyanzvi basa rake dzidzo, kunyange okugadzira zvinhu uye bohemian upenyu nayo akabatwa zvachose. Asi basa pamwe Suvorin (aitambisa kwavari 35) vakanga chete mutambo uye vaudeville hunhu, saka pamusoro zano V. N. Davydova mutambi anoenda rwenyika, vachisiya yunivhesiti pashure pemakore mana kudzidza.

dzematunhu munguva

Kamwe unyanzvi entrepreneur M. M. Borodayu, 2 makore 6 mwedzi Vasily Katchalov airidza mumaguta maviri, achitaura Saratov uye Kazan. Akanga yakazara basa, achitamba panguva nguva iyi pamusoro mabasa 250. At 23, iye akasika mufananidzo naCassius mu Shakespeare kuti "Yulii Tsezare," vakagamuchira rakapa kurumbidzwa. Vanoiona akarova pakuonekwa mutambi: inonyanya kukura (185 cm), akanga dzakatetepa chaizvo uye rakachenuruka, asi zvakakwana pakugona muviri. Actor kuitika mune maoko kusimba refu pamusoro pemhando neminwe. Asi chikuru pfuma yaiva inzwi rake fadza. Sonorous baritone chaizvoizvo kuroyiwa agere horo.

Pashure kwakajeka Shakhovsky basa mu "Mambo Fyodor" uye ndinosika iri guru Moscow Art Theater (1898), Akatanga kurota pamusoro guru pechikuva. In Kazan, akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, mutambi Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), uyo aiva mudzidzi Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. It pakupedzisira akasarudza achinyora kuMoscow.

The chidzoke of Art Theater

Patakasvika muna February 1900 muna Moscow Art Theater Kachalov aifanira sokuti Stanislavski. Zvakange akasarudzwa sezvo Chiitiko apo aifanira kuzviratidza rave mune mifananidzo miviri: Boris Godunov uye Ivana Groznogo. inoratidza Zvakazoitika mudunhu vakaita kunaka basa - zvekuratidza akanga tariro vakakundwa. Vasily Katchalov haana kurega uye akaramba kuenda yemitambo ose zuva, takatarisa kutamba hunonyanya vatambi nguva. Kugadza kugadzirira "Snow Maiden", asi hapana akaramba basa Berendey. Stanislavski akasarudza kupa ruzivo mutambi mumwe mukana uye haana kururama.

Mushure edzesero iye akagamuchira Kachalov, vakaita basa guru iwe ukabata zvinodiwa romubati theatre mamaneja. Rworukundo debut muna September 1900, kudura ramangwana rakajeka pamberi imwe mutambi. Pakati ake kunoshamisa mabasa ekutanga;

• Baron muchinangwa kutamba "The Lower dzakadzika", iro Gorky akati ichichiyemura.
• Kesari muna eponymous kutamba raWilliam Shakespeare.
• Mabasa ari dambe kuti A. P. chehova "The Cherry Orchard" (Trofimov) uye "Hanzvadzi Nhatu" (TUZENBACH).

basa urengarenga

Kubudirira uku akauya Vasily Ivanovich muna 1905, uye kusvikira chimurenga Moscow zvichava saizvozvo parudo naye, kuti musikana achava kuisa mari yakawanda kutengesa zvinhu wenguvo yake, iyo andivhimira Fans zhinji. Nyanduri S. Solovyov aizomudana "Mambo girlish zvinangwa", uye vateereri vachaziva mabasa ake ose pasina anosara. In nerimwe akaisa kunzwisisa wake unhu gamba, nechipiriso tisingatarisiri, asi kuburikidza kutambura dudziro. Saka, iye kupendwa yakasiyana zvachose mufananidzo yomuchinda Danish, vachipidigura pamusoro nechigadziko pamusoro yaakanga zvikapera mumakore apfuura. Kunoratidza dambudziko Hamlet nokuda mupfungwa kurwisana: kunzwisisa kusakwana upenyu uye asingabatsiri kushandura chinhu (1911).

Glumova kutamba A. I. Ostrovskogo nguva dzose vairidza akaipa uye careerist. Vasily Katchalov achava kuturikira itsva nomufananidzo, kwaachanomira unyanzvi uye chibhende, uyo vose upenyu - mumutambo. Uye mutambo uyu, iye anoda kuva mukundi (1910). Basa Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - mumwe toughest pachikuva. Rimwe zuva achitamba nayo, kuti mutambi achashandisa musimboti kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura zviri Concerts, achiratidza kuburikidza Karamazov kunzwisisa nyika (1910). Gare gare akabvuma kuti aida Karamazov pakupandukira Mwari uye kutenda simba rokufunga. It abatidza iye kunyange kuparadzwa gamba, raakanga wakarurama nyota kunoshamisa upenyu.

kushanya

Pakazosvika yechimurenga V. I. Kachalova mafungiro akanga havana chokwadi. Kudivi rimwe, iye aiziva echimurenga Nikolai Bauman uye vaiona musangano naye chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha muupenyu, pane dzimwe - mwanakomana wake Vadim akarwa White Army. Kubva muna 1919 akatungamirira chikamu troupe akapfuurira rwavakaita kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Hondo akamanikidza vatambi kusiya nyika yavo, uye rwokuparidza yavo yakaramba iri Europe, Sofia, Prague, Berlin, kuZagreb, Paris. West maoko tarenda vokuRussia, uye Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich airidza mamwe Concerts uye kwenguva yokutanga kudzokorora "vaSitiya" Blok. Man dzidzo tisaone, akaverenga Homer muchiGiriki uye Horace - muchiLatin.

Vanonyatsoteerera zvishoma pazororo, ivo troupe rwunotumirwa rwendo itsva, kuita US runobudirira, izvo vakabudirira vakatanga achishanyira mishoni ne mutambo "chevaux Fyodor". Pakazosvika nguva mhuri yakatamira kumusha German, uye K. S. Stanislavsky akatya kuti vatambi vazhinji harizodzoki kubva rwokuparidza. Akatumira tsamba yaindikoka kuti troupe nokuunganidza yemitambo. Muna August 1924 yokutanga V.Kachalov akadzokera kuMoscow.

upenyu Personal

In Vasily Kachalov akanga wakapindwa vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata uye kukura, asi panguva imwe chete, mutsa uye kusada rokurwadzisa vanhu. Aifarira Chat, hunhu, refu famba uye mutambo nomufaro kuronga navo kumba. furati ake rakaona akawandisa inozivikanwa unhu, pakati pavo pakange Sergei Yesenin. Akaita shamwari ine muridzi Doberman ainzi Jim, akanyora yakanaka detembo "The Hound pamusoro Kachalov".

Kubva 1900 kusvikira parufu rwake Vasily Katchalov akaroorwa Nina Nikolayevna, uyo akasiyiwa akaremara pashure chirwere uye vasingagoni kuonekwa pachikuva. Akabatsira kwaari kuita vanotungamira. On yaro rechi50 gore Nicholas Ndaitamba ari kutamba pamusoro Decembrists, kufanorongwa wake mukadzi. Iye ndiye ane kuwanda enganonyorwa, kusanganisira kwenguva refu ukama mutambi, mukadzi murume mukuru. Asi haana kusiya mhuri, yake rudo chete mwanakomana Vadim.

Ane rupo akapa pachako kuti vanhu nokusingaperi adoring Chiitiko. Kuwedzera zvesimba, ichiitwa mukuru konzati, achisiya akawandisa zvinyorwa iripo nhasi. Muna 1928, iye starred ari chinyararire firimu "The White yeGondo" (kutungamirirwa J. Protazanov). Panguva filming kuti "Mugwagwa" (1931) akapiwa kwaari kuverenga nhetembo pamusoro vana pekugara, kusika manzwiro ari mufananidzo. Hurumende yave zvinofungidzirwa dhigirii ayo pachinzvimbo chevatatu vanhu Artist of USSR (1936).

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, iyo yaiitirwa kubvisa, kusvikira pavaipfuura Art Theater mutambi hatichamuzivi kubuda. zvinokosha ake okupedzisira basa rakanga Bardin riri kutamba ne Bamba Gorky "vavengi." Iye akarwara cheshuga, asi akaramba kubatanidzwa mune Auditions uye mapurogiramu konzati. 9/30/1948 pashure pemakore 50 kushumira Melpomene zvapfuura Vasily Katchalov. Brief Biography haibvumiri munhu kuti ibudise pamwero mumwe mutambi mukuru, ane basa kuti unogona kutaura kuguma yose panguva yemitambo.