Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu. zvinyorwa reTabhori

The purogiramu rokutanga Moscow chikoro - Favorskiy Vladimir Andreevich. Biography womufananidzo harisi okugadzira zvinhu chete, asiwo kuti kubatanidzwa muHondo Yenyika I, uye basa iri vakawanda yokungotaura zvinyorwa, uye kudzidzisa kwavanoita. Asi kutanga anonzi bhuku illustrator. Vazhinji pachena tizive vanodhirowa vake mabasa William Shakespeare uye S. Ya. Marshaka.

youth

Tinogona kutaura kuti weTabhori akanga kubatanidza upenyu hwavo uri somutsivi imwe tsika dzemhuri. Artists vaiva vake nasekuru, amai uye zimbuya. The Russian illustrator mukuru akazvarwa muna 1886 muMoscow. vachiona nguva saamai zvaunoswedera, iye pachake akatora bhurasho nepenzura. Pakutanga kupenda akaonekwa kwaari senguva yakanaka - ndikasazovapo. Asi akapinda nyika ounyanzvi, neTabhori akagara pano nokusingaperi, uye akaronga kuisa nayo vanhu vakawanda sezvinobvira. Akatanga basa rake somunhu rokupenda, anoiswa zvepamusorosoro. Asi gare gare ini asarudza Graphics sezvo wepedyo vanhu unyanzvi fomu.

Childhood yokudhirowa, yakaitirwa denderedzwa mhuri ine rudo, yave kunyimwa nenhamo. Pakarepo mhuri - vemifananidzo, ezvivako, vavezi vemabwe, - vakabatsira kuti kufarira uri kwakatosimba. Zvino nguva kuenda kuchikoro, kunze dzidzo, kwakasarudzwa kutumira mukomana kuti unyanzvi chikoro private K. F. Yuona.

kudzidza

Panguva iyoyo ine kushanya kuchikoro Juon mukomana yakashanyira makirasi manheru panguva Stroganov School. Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari, akaenda kuna Munich uye vakabvuma kuti rorusununguko Economics, asi pasina nguva ndakaona kuti akanga zvachose kwete basa rake. Muna 1906, rimwe jaya anoenda kuchikoro voga, izvo akatungamirirwa Hungarian Artist pamusoro Armenian dzinza Simon Hollósy. mudzidzisi uyu Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky acharamba yeuka nokuonga somumwe chaanofarira vadzidzisi. Hapana mubvunzo aiva simba guru pamusoro pokumuka tarenda muduku uye paumbwe romubati nemitemo yake.

University of Munich, pakati neTabhori haana kurega uye vakateerera nayo kosi pamusoro nhoroondo art. Muna 1907 akadzokera Russia uye akaramba dzidzo Art uye University of Moscow.

domesticity

Mumakore gore payunivhesiti, muna 1812, Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky akaroora Mariya Derviz, inofadza musikana ane yainakidza hunhu, vose vamwe unhu uyewo aizobudirira Artist. Pakati pehama dzake akanga Valentin Serov, rakakurudzira zvakasimba Mary nehavi unyanzvi. Akadzidzira kupenda muSt Petersburg uye muFrance. MuMoscow, uyewo ramangwana murume, Juon aiva mudzidzi, uye ipapo School of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture. Mary haana zvinofanira kuva wemifananidzo kukuru, asi nyaya iri kuti ezvinhu muupenyu, kwete kusava tarenda. Pasinei ichi kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva, aiva shamwari uye mubatsiri wake. Gumi okupedzisira ezana aishanda ari ndangariro hwake, nemhaka iyo vaongorori reTabhori vakakwanisa kudzorera zvimwe mapeji Biography ake.

The Artist vaiva nevana vatatu: vaviri vanakomana, Nikita uye Ivan, uye mwanasikana Maria. Zvose hama vakaenda kuzvipira nokuda mberi, kana Mukuru Patriotic War. Senior akafa mugore hondo yokutanga, Jr. haana kurarama mwedzi mishoma mugumo usati. Uye Maria VLADIMIROVNA aiva zvedongo Artist uye mutarisiri zvakachengetedzwa mhuri.

womufananidzo wacho kukura

Ndapedza Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky vaita pakudzidzisa uye akashanda pamusoro dzidziso ounyanzvi. Kubva World Rokutanga, anoenda mberi uye kubudikidza hondo yose. MuMoscow, akadzoka muna 1918 pamwe chinzvimbo mureza. Pashure pehondo, akakurumidza munyaya mifananidzo upenyu guru.

The Artist ndokutangazve kudzidzisa. Muna 1920 aiva mutariri mumwe madhipatimendi ari Higher Art uye Technical Studios (VHUTEMAS), anodzidzisa vadzidzi zvinyorwa uye woodcuts. Muna 1923 akava Rector of Art Workshops. Tabhori akatanga basa iri magadzirirwe mabhuku ose Pushkin uye NdiTolstoy, uye kubvira zvino mubhuku Graphics kuri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kacho hwake.

Panguva iyoyowo, iye chakada achikurukurirana muzivi P. A. Florenskim. Pamwe, vachitsigirwa ushamwari uye ukama hunhu, kwakapfumisa zvose. In dzakawanda yokungotaura nzvimbo the artist anogona kuonekwa pokudzora Florensky. Pamwe chete vari akabatanidzwa Left Front nounyanzvi (LEF). Nokuda predominance yokumudzimu dzidziso kutanga boka ravo nevakangwara vaimudana "kugadzirwa ari Mystics."

Pakazosvika 1930 womufananidzo delves kuzopindazve dzidziso ounyanzvi. Ari kunyora nyaya uye mishumo, uye anodzidzisa pane Russian National Academy of Arts. Iye anopfuurira kuita achiita zvokutemera, mapurani mabhuku, anoshandira pamwe Moscow Art Theater. PaChikoro kuratidzira muVenice uye Paris.

tenzi Vakakura akapinda 40s reTabhori. The Artist akave nokugamuchira kuzivikanwa uye mukana kushanda pazuva anonakidza zvikuru mirairo. Unyanzvi ichiri kukura, ruzivo rwokugadzira nani. Honed udzamu yemifananidzo uye kuratidza nesitiroko.

mumakore achangodarika

In ake kuderera makore womufananidzo yave makakohwa vakakodzera zvibereko yezviito zvake. Muna 1956, akava Kukudzwa Artist of RSFSR, muna 1959 - People kuti Artist pamusoro RSFSR, uye muna 1963 - People kuti Artist of USSR. Chinoramba Medals negoridhe dzakawanda kuratidzira muna kweBrussels, Leipzig uye Sao Paulo. Muchirimo 1962 weTabhori paakavapa ari Lenin Prize pamusana pamabasa ake mumufananidzo. Izvi hazvirevi kuti the artist akazorora pamusoro laurels ake - Iye anoramba kushanda munhevedzano vanodhirowa, rinodhindira, anoshanda kupenda. Seane uchenjeri tenzi Artist akafa pakupera 1963. guva rake riri muMoscow panguva Novodevichy Cemetery.

yokungotaura maonero

Tabhori nokungwarira dzakabudirira uye yakagadzirirwa yokungotaura chirongwa. Pfungwa aumbwa hurukuro kuti Professor achiverengera vadzidzi vake. Navo, akatanga kugadzira uye systematization nezvaanoratidzwa ounyanzvi. Somugumisiro vakaberekwa bhuku "On Unyanzvi bhuku, pamusoro achiita zvokutemera," "The Fonts marudzi uye ukama dzaro Sarudza muenzaniso", "Lectures pamusoro dzidziso nziyo." Ivo reTabhori akataura pamusoro nedanho nekuita pamwe muchimiro wayo pachake ari mundege. Vaiona nyaya mitsetse kududzira, basa ndege paguva uye mufanidzo. Mumwe mufananidzo pamusoro womufananidzo rinoti yake sezvamunoita, uye "Zvakanaka".

About chero chinhu okugadzira zvinhu kana akakurukurirana reTabhori, mumwe korasi yakarira yokuti kugadzirwa uye dzematongerwe yenhengo dzayo anofanira indivisible uye pakati nepakati. Roll chero mirayiridzo kunokonzera deformation uye inosvitsa degeneration ounyanzvi. Okugadzira zvinhu zvinofanira kuva anokurudzira, sezvo pfungwa dzechokwadi vasingasiyani kubva pfungwa runako. Aesthetization kuipa kuti uri kuva isingagamuchiriki.

Book Graphics

Tabhori kakawanda akati haadi anoenzanisira chigadzirwa uye pave bhuku. Aigara akaswedera dambudziko iri kunzwisisa, kusika mifananidzo kwete chete, asiwo kunhonga Sarudza, kukura, muenzaniso, zvinoenderana. Izvi zvose zvinofanira kuva pasi rwakafanana manyorero kwetunhu. Mutinhimira padding, varikumahombekombe uye ndima zvinofanira mukuwirirana tinakidzwe yacho achiita zvokutemera. Muna reTabhori aitungamirirwa kwete chete okusika yavo kunzwisisa, asi akavimba zvakaitika kare uye Renaissance. Iye sezvaari pfungwa dzakadai se "mavakirwo bhuku" - sayenzi proportionality uye kuwirirana kwezvinhu zvose yenhengo dzayo.

Mumwe chigadzirwa weTabhori akawana ravo kusvika. Kuita "Turika" akafuridzirwa mumabhuku Russian yekare. Zvishongo uye tsamba anoreva muverengi yekare manyorero. Mifananidzo "Little Nematambudziko" Pushkin zvikuru hwakazara, nzeve zvizere. Heroes chando muna chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo kunoisawo uye uve chiratidzo kuti manzwiro: makaro, kusuwa, hasha, kutya. Mumufananidzo kuna Gogol kuti "Shponka" kuoneka zvokufananidzira tarenda zvisikwa: hofori tumbuyu, shiri-vakananga vanhu. Visual Range kwete chete anotsigira rugwaro, asi anoshumirawo somutariri yoga noumhizha anogona zvokudya pfungwa. Mumwe mabasa vakura munyori - ". New Year Evha" mifananidzo S. Muponesi Style yavo zvinosiyana kunoshamisa nyaya basa. Kwokufananidzira unopinza, vakashinga, vakagwinya. The Artist kutamba chivimbo murwiyo, apo nguva dzose achitsvaka Somugumisiro akakwana. Achiita zvokutemera reTabhori akava mafeni zhinji uye ichiri inoremekedzwa ne vateresi.

The Artist Akaenzanisira Pushkin, Shakespeare, NdiTolstoy, Dante, Gogol, Merimee, Burns, uye ichi hachisi gurupu mabasa ake. Kwete chete akagadzira mukuru mabhuku reTabhori, naiyewo akashanda pamwe chete kubudisa Detgiz. Illustration kuti nhetembo "Kana vana yose ..." vakawanda vanoziva bhuku mabhuku. Shangu vakomana kumbotamba kuseka uye kumhanya vakakomba wemarudzi, noupenyu hune rugare. Mwana wese Soviet zvimwe kuverenga dzakaunganidzwa Marshak, apo paiva mufananidzo nhetembo "The Stripes mustachioed uye" vane misikanzwa kakatsi.

Mamwe Ndimi

Frame imwe mhando ounyanzvi vaiva yakarurama Vladimir Andreyevich. Iye akakurumbira kwete chete nokuda bhuku mifananidzo. In yechipiri yezana 40s weTabhori zvishwe "Great vehondo Russian," apo Portraits akakurumbira vanhu mudzidziso ukuru nesimba Russia. Mumwe mabasa ake yakanakisisa - mufananidzo F. M. Dostoevskogo. Serious uye kwawakananga munyori anooneka pamberi vateereri. The Artist hazvirevi kumeso, usingasii munoshongedza chokwadi, kwete caricature kunourayisa nechido. Asi vane mwero mufananidzo Dostoevsky anotengesa kufunganya pamusoro pavanhu Russian, kuda nyika uye chinoshamisa nesimba pfungwa.

A kufarira chidobi womufananidzo aiva Chipuranga nehuni achiita zvokutemera, asi akwezvwe uye linocut. -yevedza "Samarkand kutenderera" wakasikwa unyanzvi ichi. Kutanga basa rake somunhu rokupenda, hwose neTabhori nguva nenguva vakasimudza bhurasho. rakanyorwa ake ndorwevaya mubatanidzwa wezvidimbu "1905". Akadzidza chivezwa uye wokuratidza kupenda. Uyezve, nyanzvi yokudhirowa collaborated pamwe dzemitambo - akaita yokunyora nokudhirowa kuti zvesimba uye zvokupfeka, uyewo jaya, kunyange yematanda nezvidhori nokuda zvesimba vana. Nokuti chero wakabatwa Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky, zvose zvinoitwa norudo uye unyanzvi hukuru. Asi ndangariro zvizvarwa, akanga pakutanga Artist chinoshamisa hwakajeka uye illustrator.