Water kuchenesa uye mvura pashure rokuchenesa. Tikaenzanisa mvura yokunwa vasati uye pashure yokuzvinatsa

Chirevo chekare chinoti: Isu - chii isu nokunwa. Ndizvo upenyu. Hakungasiiwi nharo, nekuti muviri wedu anoda kusvika makumi mashanu kubva muzana - ndiyo mvura. Pasina mvura munhu anogona kurarama pasina kupfuura pavhiki, uye mugwenga kufa kupera mvura mumuviri mumaawa maviri. The Unhu rwokuzvarwa doro kunokanganisa mamiriro dzemuviri. Uye nzira tiri kurarama zvinoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji, asi pakutanga nokuti isu mvura uye apo isu zvokudya zvavo pachavo.

Nyaya huri upenyu

Kuzvienzanisa nokunwa mvura usati uye pashure kurapwa mune mvura enyika mu zviratidzo zvizhinji havasi anokurudzira, uye dzimwe nguva vakatya. Uye ichi zvikurukuru novimba unhu mvura yaro iri imwe nzvimbo uye kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. . Izvozvo zvaida kwezvakatipoteredza kuongorora nzvimbo: sei pedyo vari kunobva makuru maguta maindasitiri. Nokuti pasi mabhuku kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro kunaka mvura anopa Kuongororwa uye kurapwa mvura kubva mutsime. How kuchenesa mvura, kuti ndiyo nzira yokuchenesa zvinonyatsoshanda paneimwewo nzvimbo, akaudza nokukanganisika Kuongorora zvakanaka kurapwa.

The mishumo masangano dzakawanda vazhinji kuti kubata mvura quality, muri zvinotyisa nenhamba. kunyika dzinopfuura makumi masere munyika vari kusangana nezvinetso zvine chokuita ayo chishoma. Uye hafu yenyika idzi kazhinji vatarisana dambudziko remvura. Pane imwe nyaya pamusoro nhamba, tisingatauri kunaka mvura. Water - waifarirwa solvent. Naizvozvo, yechinyakare kugadzirira zvemichina mvura kwaizotevera wokunatswa nemaindasitiri mvura kurapwa miti havana kubvisa dambudziko rine mvura kunokuvadza uye ngozi yakawanda chicherwa (simbi, manganese, mhangura, mekuri, aruminiyamu, etc.) Uye Organic zvinhu (amoniya, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, uye vamwe. ). Virological, bacteriological miedzo munyika dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti parameters izvi dzemunharaunda vanoremekedzwa kwose kwose. Kunoda mamwe kuchenesa pamba, kureva. A. Pane ngozi zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, majemusi, uye mamwe majemusi. The yakachipa pashiri nzira disinfection, chlorination, kana mhosva mitemo kunotungamirira kuti akaumba haawirirani utano carcinogenic yakawanda kuiisa chlorine yeimwe mumvura. Wedzerai pano zvinetso zvemhoteredzo uye matambudziko Kuipa mvura mugadziriro maguta ekare maindasitiri, uye zvinova pachena kuti kukurumidza dambudziko. Water kuchenesa uye mvura haisi yakachena pashure zvakadaro zvakasiyana zvinooneka nguva dzose.

Industrial pakafunuka yokuzvinatsa

Natural mvura kubva murwizi (guta nguva dzose chakavakwa pedo dzinongoitika zvitunha mvura) anopinda mvura Inlet. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuti ayo nzvimbo, fenzi rinoitwa nechokumusoro kwerwizi zvivako dzinogarwa zvose uye mabhizimisi muguta, mune dzinonzi utsanana mapazi. Mushure kudya mvura anopinda sedimentation matangi, sezvamakaropafadzwa rokutanga yokunatswa danho kunotanga. Zvichienderana unhu mvura mvura yokunatsa uye pashure yokunatsa, rinoshandiswa mune sump kana kwete reagents zvakakodzera. Nokuti akawedzera (coagulation) kuti yakaturikwa nezvimedu mumvura chakaunzwa simbi kana aruminiyamu munyu. Kubva glued pamwe kubvisa inokuvadza tsvina mupise chiteshi uchishandisa pajira riya Sefa yasukwa, kubva mvura-kwazvakarerekera zvinhu kana Stainless simbi. Zvadaro, kwazvo filtration mvura yokunwa rinoitwa kushandisa katuriji filters izvo musungo tudonhwe 5 microns. The mvura pashure firita rokutsvaira pasi kudzora kuomarara, simbi tigutsikane kuti mamwe acheneswe.

Special Danho kuchenesa - disinfection

Kunwa mvura kubva pombi muguta guru maindasitiri, kunyange inogutsa, asi vachiri vazhinji vavo kuti kuravidza. Asi kutadza kuita utsanana mitemo - nyaya kumatare. On huru mamiriro emakambani vari mamiriro yokukurumidzira, asi zvinofanira pakarepo kuudza mutengi. Uyezve, dzimwe mvura pashure rokuchenesa industrially akabudiswa kunosvika mutengi, achiri zvinoenderana chatingatevedzera senyere munyika peguta, dzimba dzedu nemafurati. Saka, imwe nzvimbo chaiyo iri kutenderera yokuzvinatsa anotora mukunopera decontamination. Rakajairika uye yakachipa pashiri nzira disinfection ndiyo chlorination. Asi nokuda kuwedzera mwero iri kuiisa chlorine tubhokisi zvinhu, nzira iyi hazvirevi kuvandudza mvura panguva nzira yokubudisa. Kuzvienzanisa mvura yokunwa vasati uye pashure yokuzvinatsa chlorination dzimwe nguva zvinomutsa mubvunzo sei kutendeusira ichi mumvura inwai disinfected.

ozonation disinfection

Pashure disinfection kuiisa chlorine mumvura zviratidzwa organochlorine yeimwe izvo usaora toxicity yavo kunyange pashure pakugadzirisa unakirwe mvura mumba. Pane matambudziko yokushaya kuiisa chlorine makemikari. matambudziko aya kunyimwa nzira disinfection pa kurapwa miriwo vachishandisa ozone kurapwa enyika. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, zviri ozonation rinoshandiswa pana padariro kugadzirira okuchenesa. Nzira iyi ndiyo hubudirire uye akachengeteka. Ozone yakakwana zvizhinji zvinogona kubudiswa zvakananga panzvimbo payo rikashandiswa. Ozonation inogona ikashandiswa pamwe nedzimwe oxidants, kuiisa chlorine, uyewo Ultrasound kurapwa uye ultraviolet irradiation. Kunobatsirawo mukurwa utachiona rinopa ozone wevasungwa pamusoro 0,4 Rine mamiririta por fő maminitsi mana chete. The ozonization yokunwa mvura pashure kurapwa Rine extraneous kuravidza nouipi nezvinonhuhwira dzavatorwa. Kunwa Mvura pachena pasina zvinopesana ayo dzinongoitika ehupfumi. Zvakawandisa ozone iri dzikwanise okisijeni, pasina impairing palatability mvura. Chikonzero kuti ozone decontamination nzira rinoshandisirwa isingasviki chlorination angangodaro kuti zvakaipa ehupfumi ose aqueous ozone mhinduro uye vakadzidza zvakadzama sezvo mvura yokunatsa uye kuti mvura yokunatsa pashure kunokanganisa muviri womunhu.

Alternative nzira disinfection

Inzira disinfection kusarudza kunotemwa nokutora nyaya cost, kuita uye, chokwadi, anodiwa rakawanda potable mvura. Zvichida nzira dangwe ndiro simba kwemvura mamorekuru ions vanokudzwa simbi (sirivha). Zvinonzwisiswa kuti nzira iyi hazvigoni kushandiswa pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Kunyange zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki, nokuda kusachengeteka nezvenzira iri mbereko nokuda nemwaranzi chokupfeka. Asi nokuti kunwa mvura kurapwa kuisa ultraviolet mwaranzi vari kuramba kushandiswa mudzimba wastewater kurapwa miti.

Zvakawandisa simbi mumvura

In zvinoverengeka munzvimbo iri dzokubudisa mvura yokunwa kubva pachivande kana panyika manyuko emvura pashure rokuchenesa Sefa kwechinguva zvazvinosarira zvakajeka, asi zvino kwaanoda tsvuku. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo zvakawandisa redare mairi wokutanga. Uyezve, mvura akadaro ane chaiwo glandular munuhwi. Kurega dambudziko iri ngozi dzoutano hwevanhu uye kunaka kwoupenyu, t. To. Mvura Izvi zvinotisvitsa Kuipa mhuri midziyo yemagetsi kuti vanoshandisa yakafanana zvokunwa.

Nzira Universal inosuka namatare. Mvura zvikaramba kubva pano akashandiswa reagent nzira uchishandisa imwe kuiisa chlorine kana ozone, kanenge - potassium permanganate kana yavaibvisa hydroxide. A mvura zvikaramba kubva pachivande mabhuku, zvakakodzera nzira vachishandisa reagents uye reagentless aeration kwakadaro. Aeration - chinhu ndichibvunza mhepo jekiseni nokuda oxygenation. Kumba, nzira inoshandiswa ane nekumwisa mvura dzinovangira kuburikidza filters simbi chaizvo zvinhu kubvisa oxidized ukaparadzawo simbi. Bad manakiro mvura pashure mvura yokunatsa Sefa nokupera anenge zvachose.

mvura zvakaoma

Nekuzorora kumwe, munonzwa: chii mvura dzamutswa - sipo hakubvisi kure. Asi pane mbiya dambudziko yakawedzera Rigidity. Zvakakwana kuyeuka kusvibiswa the scum Vagadziri uye shata tii kana kofi pamusoro mvura, uye zviri pachena kuti inoderedza kunaka kwoupenyu hwevanhu. An nekumwisa mvura-soluble munyu yokuita mvura zvakaoma. Ichi kwenguva Rigidity panobviswa ne kufashaira. Asi simba asidhi munyu, sulfates uye chlorides vaite Rigidity iyo haachinji panguva Kubika. Hazvina kuramba. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mashoko reagent kushandiswa kana yokunatswa nzira anodhura - nechando, DISTILLATION, electrodialysis. Mumhuri zvakatipoteredza rokuchenesa nesimba pasi kushandiswa filters akavakwa pamusoro neizvi osmosis. Water kuchenesa uye mvura pashure rokuchenesa neizvi osmosis ari kuongorora kubudisa hunoshamisa zvabuda.

neizvi osmosis

Reverse osmosis - rakadzika, kusvikira makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu kubva muzana rokuchenesa. Kupatsanurwa zvinhu zvose zviri mumvura iri kuitwa kuburikidza nokushandisa semipermeable membranes. Kamudzira rakagadzirwa yepamusoro porous zvinhu. Pane polyamide, cellulose acetate uye nevamwe. The pores ari Kamudzira vane saizi imwe chete kuzviuru ane micron kuburikidza vanopfuura chete mvura mamorekuru. tsvina All, kusanganisira utachiona, vari rakachengetedzwa pamusoro membrane. Kana paine mubvunzo pamusoro sei kuchenesa pombi mvura, ndiyo mhando, yakavimbika, nzira zvakatipoteredza noushamwari kuwedzera kwomuzvarirwo ehupfumi mvura pashure rokuchenesa.

Carbon filters. Vapfume kwemvura zvicherwa

Filters uchishanda kushandiswa sorbing zvivako zviri kusashanda kabhoni wakashandiswa okupedzisira nzendo pashure-pakurapwa kana zvakakodzera kubvisa vasingakoshi kutsauka ruvara, kunhuwidza kana kuravira. Nokuti zvinangwa izvi zvakasikwa zvicherwa akashandiswa: Mountain Goldstone, nesilicon, shungite. Muchifumiswa pamwe zvicherwa izvi nokuda mvura kunaka yakaita chitubu.

New mvura kurapwa michina

Kutsvakurudza kuchangobva pakushandisa Nanotechnology kana kunwa mvura yokunatsa goho hunoshamisa zvabuda. Studies of zvivako zviri silica microparticles zvemapuranga nanometric paiva yeHydrocarbon zvinhu, vakaratidza kugona kwavo kukwezva (electrostatic kukwezvana) inozviitira utachiona uye utachiona mamorekuru. Just nanoparticles akaisa kupinda mvura yakasvibiswa, uye ipapo kubvisa zvichiguma nanopowder filtration.

Nyika dzakawanda dziri zvino kushanda pakusika nanofiltration mano. Fitting kuoneka yokunatswa CATALYTIC uye electrochemical nzira. Kuramba hwakavandudzika makemikari pezvakaitwa rokuchenesa panguva mabhomba chechetere.