Silver (simbi): ehupfumi, mufananidzo. How kuziva sirivha

Silver - simbi (Photo ona pazasi), ndiro imwe isingawanzowanikwi zvine maatomu akafanana. It anowanzodanwa inoshandiswa kugadzira zvishongo.

Zvisinei, sirivha - resimbi kuti ane rakakura dzose. Pasina haina kuita cinematography uye mishonga, mifananidzo uye minda mapurani. Shandisa sirivha, uye somunhu mubhizimisi chokushandisa. Panyaya iyi, hazvina muduku goridhe. Mukupesana, sirivha inowanzoshandiswa nokuda makambani kuti Siyanisai pangozi.

Silver sezvo makemikari Kufananidzira

Silver - resimbi kana asiri-metal? Zvechokwadi, simbi. Uye kuti asimbise ichi ndicho periodic hurongwa, Mendeleev kunyora. Tsvaga simbi angave muboka rayo rokutanga. The mabhomba Kuwanda sirivha - 47. Its mabhomba kurema ndiwo 107,8682.

Silver - paunhu simbi, chine isotopes maviri. It 107Ag uye 109Ag. Uyezve, sainzi wakavhurika isomers uye radioactive isotopes yesirivha, izvo vakawanda nhamba dziri kubvira 99 kusvika 123. Vakawanda vanopfuura makumi mashanu aya refu-akararama - 109Ag - ane hafu upenyu makore 130.

Kwakatangira zita

Silver - Metal, izvo Akakwezva vanhu vekare. The zita "sirivha" rinobva Sanskrit shoko "Argenta". Zvinoreva "chiedza". Latin "Argentum" (sirivha) ine midzi. Asi mutauro uyu, zvinoreva "chena."

Silver - anokudzwa simbi, uye haana kuisa masayendisiti divi. Munguva dzekare, ivo zvakagadzira nzira nokuda rusununguko iyi rwokuzvarwa maatomu akafanana.

In Russian of simbi ndinozivikanwa se "sirivha", muna Chirungu zvinoita izvozvo se "Silver", mu German - "Zilber". Mashoko ose aya akabva yekare Indian "sarpa" rinoreva mwedzi. The netsanangudzo iri nyore. sirivha anopenya akayeuchidza vanhu mwenje inoshamisa yokudenga muviri.

Nhoroondo anokudzwa simbi

Silver inozivikanwa vanhu kubvira panguva yakare. Musi chaiwo chichikosha harizivikanwi. Zvisinei, mabhuku akanyorwa anoratidza kuti ichi simbi zvishongo zvakaitwa nevaIjipiti vekare. Panguva iyoyo, sirivha iri vashoma kupfuura ndarama uye saka aikoshesa yekudyidzana yepamusoro.

Mumigodhi nokuti dzokubudisa iyi rwokuzvarwa maatomu akafanana yokutanga yakavambwa vokuFenikiya pamberi munhambo yedu. Development kwakaitika kuKupro Corsica, uyewo muSpain.

Sezvo chishongo panguva iyoyo sirivha raikosheswa fabulously zvinodhura. Somuenzaniso, kare Rome vertex umbozha yomunyu uyu wakanaka simbi. Sei zvakadaro zvakafanana chinhu zvakasikwa ari saka nokukosheswa vanhu? Chokwadi chokuti vanhu waiziva chizvarwa simbi. Find zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Izvi kudziviswa sulfide, inotaura zvose rima patina zvinokosha.

Pakachinja munhoroondo sirivha vakatanga kuedza achiitiswa Ages masayendisiti. Chinangwa kuedza kwaiva kuwana ndarama kubva kunomumwe simbi. Saka vokuEurope havakwanisi kusvina sirivha kubva yeimwe dzayo dzakasiyana zvine maatomu akafanana (Arsenic, kuiisa chlorine, etc.).

In nyaya sirivha kuchikosha basa reDare munhu akadai Scheele, Paracelsus and unto. Data Vanotsvakurudza nezvokumwe sirivha (simbi), iyo nzvimbo pakati yeimwe. Somugumisiro, rakaitwa mhedziso dzinonakidza. Saka, chokwadi hwakasimbiswa kuti chinhu chine dzinongoitika disinfectant ehupfumi kuti ukaonekwa dzekare. Somuenzaniso, Egypt vanoporesa yesirivha raishandiswa mishonga mavanga kudzivisa paumbwe pus mavari. High antibacterial ehupfumi nesimbi iri kuongororwa uye kwamachinda. Saka, kwemazana emakore kwakafanana yepamusoro uye yaidhura midziyo yakanga silverware. Panguva iyoyo vanhu nani nzira akatsanangura simbi kugadzirwa, izvo yokuzvibvumira zvakati isingadhuri.

Silver rave kushandiswa uye senzira muripo. Kuti aite izvi, akabudisa mari. VokuRussia kuti sirivha vanosungirwa huchiti zita mari dzaishandiswa. For Masvomhu musi Russia iri kudimburwa kure rworudyi chitsama chesirivha Gráfica. Nokuti shoko "Ruble" uye akasvika kushandiswa.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Silver - chicherwa achiri ductile uye munyoro. Kubva ayo imwe giremu anogona ruchatambanudzirwa waya yakaisvonaka kwazvo, wakareba vachava anenge maviri makiromita.

Silver - weheavy metal ane arambe achirema kuti 10,5 magiramu muzana cubic sendimita. Nokuti paakati ichi, kuti chinhu chiri chete zvishoma muduku kutungamirira.

Silver - Metal, usina akaenzana pamusoro zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity. Ndokusaka zvichinzi nokukurumidza neshungu kwazvo mvura girazi chipunu chakagadzirwa ichi zvinhu.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvivako vane sirivha? Chii simbi anowanzodanwa kushandiswa jewelers? Silver - zvokunyama izvo zviri nyore basa. Izvi imhaka kukwanisa kwayo itye panguva tembiricha kuti 962 inegumi. ukoshi Izvi vade. Uyezve, sirivha chiwanikwa nyore pamwe nedzimwe simbi zhinji kuchinja zvachiri. Saka, mhangura anogona kuwedzera kwekuoma ari ductile rwokuzvarwa maatomu akafanana. Kana akawedzera sirivha anova wakafanira gadzira mishonga siyana.

chaikosha ichi inoshamisa iri zvakajeka muna zvaakanyora Di Mendeleev. Akataurawo, sei kuona simbi sirivha pakati vamwe. Chokutanga, yomuchinda zvinoriumba iri kuzivikanwa kwayo zvikuru chena uye akachena ruvara. Uyezve, sirivha iri saka nyoro iri kubatwa abrasion.

mushonga ehupfumi

How kusiyanisa nesirivha simbi iri kugadzirira-yakaitwa zvigadzirwa? Nezvindori, neketani, chipunu, forogo, mukombe dzibate uye mari yekare pakupedzisira kutanga kupera, uye kunyange kutendeuka dema. Chikonzero ichi anova kugara kwavo rehydrogen sulfide. ekupedzisira mune mazai akaora kwete chete. Rehydrogen sulfide chinoratidza rabha uye zvimwe Polymers. A makemikari zvakaitwa rinowanikwa pamberi zvimwe unyoro. Pamusoro penyika nyaya nokudaro dzichiumbwa yakanaka chaizvo sulfide firimu. Pakutanga, nokuda kutamba chiedza zvinoita hwakanaka. Zvisinei, kuti sulfide firimu iri zvishoma nezvishoma thickened. It anodzima, anochinja ruvara wayo mashava uye ipapo dema.

Silver sulfide haagoni kuparadzwa panguva kupisa, mudutu acids uye alkalis. Kana firimu haisi chaizvo gobvu, izvozvo chinobviswa nomuviri nzira. The chigadzirwa rakakwana Porishi kana upfu mushonga wemazino pamwe soapy mvura kuidzorera hwihwinyara.

How kusiyanisa nesirivha simbi nedzimwe nzira? Kuti aite izvi, kucherechedza nemakemikari. Noble chaikosha inogona nyore zvazvichanyungudutswa zvimwe acids. Izvi inopisa dzichiitika nitric uye sulfuric, uyewo ayodhini uye hydrobromic acid. Kana makemikari maitiro pakati nesirivha hydrochloric asidhi pamberi okisijeni akapfuura, ipapo ayo Zvichaguma anokudzwa chesimbi dzakaoma halides.

Silver hazvirevi sei ne hydrogen senitrogen. Hazvina sei pamwe kabhoni. Panyaya phosphorus, zvinogona kukanganisa sirivha, chete richisvika dzvuku inopisa tembiricha rokuti phosphide. Uye pano pfumbu anokosha simbi ikasakendenga zvikuru nyore. Pamusoro kudziyisa, zvinhu izvi zviri kuumbwa sulfide. The chete fuma kunogona kuwanikwa panyaya pakunzwisisa gaseous sarufa inopisa simbi.

Kufarira ndiye makemikari maitiro anokudzwa simbi pamwe oxygen. Naye sirivha hakuiti vanoita, asi kuti kugumisa chinokosha yakawanda negasi gona achiri. pfuma iyi simbi kuburikidza muchidziisa rinobatsira kuti chidzoke ane ngozi zvikuru, asi panguva imwe chete rakanaka chinoshamisa. nekusaswa ichi esirivha. Fani iyi yave kuzivikanwa kubva munguva dzekare.

Silver - simbi, vane ehupfumi kumubvumira, dzakafanana nendarama, nyore nyore sei pamwe aqua regia, uye hydrochloric asidhi nomuti kuiisa chlorine. Somugumisiro akadaro maitiro rikawira mugomba insoluble precipitate, sezvo zvishoma soluble chloride aumbwa. kusiyana izvi ari maitiro sirivha nendarama inowanzoshandiswa kuvaparadzanisa.

Anokwanisa womudenga simbi zvazvichanyungudutswa sanganisa sulfuric acid. Zvisinei, sirivha iyi inofanira dzakarukwa zvakanaka kugoverwa uye dzakawanikwa pamwe okisijeni.

The anokudzwa simbi anogona zvazvichanyungudutswa aqueous mhinduro pamusoro alkaline pasi uye alkali simbi cyanides, kana zvakakwana nomuti mhepo. Nemaitiro akafanana uye nepwere ane aqueous mhinduro yesirivha thiourea, zvinova yesimbi munyu.

Compounds womudenga simbi, vanowanzoona uine oxidation nhamba yekutanga. Zvimwe zvinhu indekisi ichi chinosvika kukosha zviviri kana zvitatu. Zvisinei, yeimwe sirivha vakadaro havana kubatsira.

zvoutachiona ehupfumi

Silver - simbi (ona pazasi mufananidzo), riri mupenyu zvinhu mabhati katanhatu asingasviki muvhu. Nemamwe mashoko, maatomu akafanana izvi hazvirevi zvipenyu.

Zvisinei, shoma akanaka ions nesirivha kwakakwanira aibuda pezvakaitwa zhinji. Somuenzaniso, munguva dzekare kuzivikanwa kukwanisa kudzikisa wevasungwa nesimbi ichi vane bactericidal kukanganisa mvura yokunwa. Kunyange zvakadaro shoma ions sezvo 0,05 milligrams por fő, anopa yakakwana inorwisa utachiona basa. mvura kwakadaro kunogona kuparadzwa pasina kutya kuti utano hwavo. Zvinofadza kuti zvakabikwa, zvisinei, anoramba kuzochinja.

Kana Urume ane 0.1 milligram chete fő pamusoro ions sirivha, zvinokwanisika kuti ndikuchengetei gore rimwe. Asi hatifaniri pasi kufashaira mvura. tembiricha High kunotungamirira kuti ions sirivha kuva basa.
The bactericidal pfuma yomuchinda chinhu kunoita kuti kurishandisa zvikuru kuti chenesa mvura yokunwa. Saka, mune dzimwe mhuri filters iri neactivated charcoal silvered. chikamu ichi rinoratidza kunyora nezvavo hunorapa dose pamusoro ions mumvura.

Inorwisa utachiona sirivha kugona anowana kushanda kwayo uye disinfection kuti nokushambira madziva. Ivo mvura yakazara zvesimbi bromide. Low kuwanda AgBr (0,08 MG / l) hakukuvadzi vanhu uye anokanganisa algae uye pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Sei tingati bactericidal zviito ions sirivha? Chokwadi kuti sei zvokurarama nazvo noutachiona siyana, kuchivhiringidza zvavo chaivo catalysts. Ndizvo chaizvo anoita sirivha. Ndeupi simbi achiri anokwanisa izvi? Pakati zvakadai zvinokuvadza vari Somuenzaniso, nemekiyuri. Iye, kufanana sirivha, - rinorema simbi, zvisinei, zviri zvikuru muchetura. Mercuric chloride nyore soluble mumvura, vane ngozi dzoutano hwevanhu. It ane zvakafanana zvivako uye mhangura.

The Migumisiro zvesirivha

It zvinowanzoitika kuti nefuma, iro rinobatsira vanhu mishonga duku, zvinova zvinouraya akawanda. zvinhu izvi zvinogona kunzi, uye sirivha. Experimentally zvakaratidza kuti zvinokosha zvemaBhaibheri zvesimbi ions anogona kuderedza zvirwere mhuka experimental, kuti kunaka kuchinja etsinga uye vascular zvinyama wouropi. Kunyange mishonga guru kukuvadza chiropa, thyroid uye itsvo. In tsika, paiva zviitiko apo vanhu vacho chepfu kubva zvigadzirwa sirivha, iyo Akaperekedzwa zvikuru chirwere chepfungwa. Sezvineiwo, chaikosha uyu nyore vaziva pachitunha.

A pathological ezvinhu kunokonzerwa womudenga simbi

In okurapa kune ezvinhu kujairika inonzi argyria. Rinooneka munhu ari chiitiko kuti kwemakore akawanda oupenyu hwake akashanda sirivha kana yayo munyu. Izvi zvinhu vanopiwa mune mishonga duku imwe nhengo, Kumbomira mu connective munyama, uyewo masvingo capillaries etsvo, mwongo uye chirwatata. Pazuva kwokunze zviratidzo zvokurwara ichi kukunyengerera vachiti pazasi mifananidzo.

Silver - Metal, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma rinoungana iri mucous membranes uye paganda, zvichiriita rinokwanisa kucheneruka kana vachena rwegirini ruvara. Muchiitiko chino, zviri kunyanya chinopenya idzi dzomuviri kupesvedzera chiedza. Dzimwe nguva Ruvara ganda dzinoshandurwa kuti munhu anova somunhu African.

Argyria budiriro anononoka chaizvo. Zviratidzo Its wokutanga kuva kuoneka pashure maviri kusvika mana makore kugara basa nesirivha. The achiipa hwakasimba kuchengetwa emakore. Chokutanga, kuchinja ruvara nemiromo, temberi, conjunctiva ziso. Zvadaro rima namafungiro. Nguva akapendwa matadza uye mucous membranes ari nomumukanwa mhango, uye zvipikiri buri. Argyria dzimwe nguva airatidzwa muchimiro duku manyoro uye zvitema makwapa.

Kubvisa chirwere ichi uye kudzorera ganda ruvara haagoni kuva kare. Zvisinei, kuwedzera zvokunze zvingasanakira zvizorwa, murwere haadi kunyunyutira chinhu. Ndokusaka Argir anogona chete conditionally kunzi ane chirwere. In chirwere ichi kune zvakwakanakira. Munhu chaizvoizvo akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya sirivha, haana chirwere zvinotapukira. Healing kuuraya ions zvose vaipinda muviri utachiona.

zvakafanana simbi

Silver - wechitema simbi, izvo dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kusiyanisa kubva akafanana nawo chitarisiko. Zvinoita zvakaoma, asi chaizvo.

Metal, kufanana sirivha, unogona kuva chena goridhe, nickel sirivha uye aruminiyamu. Sei kusiyanisa pakati pavo? Sarudza chigadzirwa aumba kubva sirivha kana chichena goridhe anogona chete nyanzvi avo vanoziva chaizvo kuti simbi idzi. Zviite pachako kumba hakuna inokurudzirwa.

Nechokunze, zvacho zviviri akafanana chaizvo. Chokwadi chokuti chena goridhe chiwanikwa chinhu yakakwirira chikamu sirivha. Kusiyanisa zvigadzirwa kubva izvi zvinhu zvinogona chete mutengesi ndiani ngaaverenge arambe achirema wokutanga.

Silver - mavara simbi, iyo kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa nickel sirivha. Ekupedzisira ane chiwanikwa pamusoro nickel, kutungamirira uye mhangura. Kazhinji Melchior - firimu esirivha vanoumba siyana rwokugadzira nemiedzo. How kusiyanisa "chicherwa pasi sirivha"? Chokutanga, unofanira kunyatsofunga funga aivapo chigadzirwa. On sirivha German haringamiri kutongwa. On zvigadzirwa zvakadaro kuisa chete hachizi "ISC", izvo zvinoratidza murwiyo ane chiwanikwa (mhangura, nickel uye kutungamirira). Silver chiwanikwa yakasiyana arambe achirema uye uremu. Zvisinei, maitiro aya anokwanisa kumisa chete mazvikokota. Dzimba anogona kuchadonha pamusoro chigadzirwa ane ayodhini mhinduro. On sirivha akasiya panzvimbo, uye Melchior - kwete.

Kazhinji, nokuti anokudzwa simbi aruminiyamu kuedza kupfuura. Zvisinei, rimwe racho rakasiyana sirivha arambe achirema, kubwinya, noukukutu uye ruvara. Products-counterfeiting edza kuziva chete namasuwo uye zvitoro siyana. kushongedzwa kwakadaro mushure pfupi masokisi anotanga oxidize. Kusiyanisa sirivha kubva aruminiyamu zvinogona chete magineti. The anokudzwa simbi haisi ukwezvwe nayo. Uyezve, chero mumuviri kana namakemikari zvainoita aruminiyamu kunokonzera kuchinja waro ruvara, chitarisiko uye kukura deformation.

Silver uye Fashion Jewelry

With Kuwanikwa ichi acho rinoitwa vakawanda zvemaoresa siyana. Silver - inokosha simbi kana kwete? Hongu, zviri chete boka nendarama Platinum. Ichi anokudzwa nesimbi, izvo regai kumbotambudzika oxidation uye ngura. Precious dzinonzi kwete chete nokuda nedzimwe zvivako, asiwo nokuda mumatanda duku yaiva pasi goko.

Silver - a-chinja zvinhu. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvakafanana zvakanaka wakanyatsokodzera vose vakadzi nevarume vane magariro yakasiyana chinzvimbo uye zera. Silver zvakakwana rinobatanidza pamwe enamel uye nendarama. It kutarisa zvikuru anokosha uye Semi-anokosha, namaparera, nekorari uye nyanga dzenzou.

Jewellery akaita nesirivha yakakodzera chero nguva. Uye kubva-siyana yokutevedzera, unogona nguva dzose osimudza chigadzirwa nokuda chikonzero chaicho. Uyezve, maererano pfungwa dzekare pamusoro simbi ichi, hazvina kugona kuporesa uye kunyevenutsa. Ndokusaka haumanikidzwi yedu insanely kutsanya zera zvorudzi vanotenga chiduku mufaro.

To musi, jewelers kupa akawandisa zvakasiyana Kushongedzwa zvinhu nokuti raiva sirivha. Mumwe nomumwe zvinhu izvi ndiyo chokwadi kupa afare. Dzidza kuti munhu zvishongo chitoro showcase nyore.

Silver - the lightest vanokudzwa simbi. Hazvishamisi kuti kwokudiwa zvishongo kugadzikana ake munyika dzese munyika. Chinhu chinokosha iri kukurumbira yesirivha zvishongo ndiyo ruvara yavo. Pashure pezvose, chimwe chezvinhu mufashoni zvipfeko ichaongororwa kubva pfumbu pamwe esimbi Sheen rejira, uyewo dema uye chena. Muitiro iwoyo vakatamira zvishongo akaita zvinokosha simbi. High nevatengi kudiwa zvigadzirwa umo yesirivha pamwe nesafiri, nedhaimani, netopasi, Garnet, ametesti, tourmaline. Kazhinji sezvo inoisa anoshandiswa malachite uye nedhaimani, agati, nejaspa, mune ibwe rerubhi uye chalcedony, rinopenya uye ingwe retsono. Silver rinowanzoshandiswa kusikwa maringi uye pendants pamwe enamel, muzviruva, achiita zvokutemera uye enamel.

Kushongedza zvose izvi vane nzira huru. Kuti vagadzire zvishongo rinoshandisirwa simbi zvemapuranga nesirivha. In chitarisiko uye unhu zvakadai havasi yakasiyana avo zvachose yakagadzirwa zvinhu zvinokosha. Mumwe zvakanaka zvinhu zviri mutengo wavo. Iye mate kushamisika vatengi. Uyezve, sirivha kuifukidza zvishongo ikodzere vaya tisanzwe ganda. zvinogadzirwa zvakadai regai kukonzera chero kutsamwa uye hakuuyisi vakasara kana zvasakara. unhu hwavo ndechokuti havafaniri nengura pamusoro nguva uye regai ndodzima. Saka, sirivha-kuifukidza nezvindori, neketani, nezvishongo uye pendants chipo kukuru waunoda kana shamwari. Marii zvikuru kunogamuchirika kwakazara unhu.