Mapatya gangaidzo (akafunga kuedza): Tsanangudzo

Chinangwa chikuru pfungwa yetsvakurudzo inonzi "mapatya gangaidzo" aiva zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba kusachinja-chinja uye ukoshi chaiwo dzidziso relativity (s). Zvinofanira pakarepo kugadzira nzvimbo, kuti munenge chero gangaidzo iri chaizvoizvo kubva mubvunzo, sezvo shoko iri nyaya nekuti musimboti pfungwa kuedza pakutanga zvisiri zvichishandurwa.

The chikuru Pfungwa SRT

Gangaidzo relativity (mapatya gangaidzo) rinoti "yatarwa" Muoni kuona zvinofamba zvinhu sezvo kwacho DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA. Maererano chete dzidziso inertial bhuku system (marongedzero umo sangano unzenza mitumbi kunoitika noruvara, kana vari zororo) akaenzana mumwe.

Gangaidzo mapatya: zvishoma

Kufunga chechipiri uchapupu kusawirirana unovapo kubvuma aikosha relativity. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi pachena, zvakanzi akakumbira kudzokorora zvinhu pamwe vaviri mapatya. One (tichishandisa - mufambi) rwunotumirwa nzvimbo kutiza, uye vamwe (pamubhedha mbatatisi) akasiiwa panyika Earth.

Akashandiswa mapatya gangaidzo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kazhinji anoenda seizvi: Assessment homebody, nguva iri wachi, vari mufambi, kunonoka, izvo zvinoreva kuti kana iye anodzoka, iye (mufambi), wachi achawira shure. Mufambi, Ukuwo, anoona kuti chinofamba hama paNyika (ndiro homebody rayo wachi), uye, kubva maonero ake, yakanga nguva yake mukoma achaenda zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kutaura zvazviri, vaviri hama vakaenzana, uye nokudaro, kana ivo vachava pamwechete, maawa avo achava iyoyo. Panguva iyoyo iri dzidziso relativity anofanira kuchengeta murinde mukoma-mufambi. Ichi pachena kutyorwa symmetry wakaonekwa ave kusawirirana pakati dzidziso.

Twins gangaidzo Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity

Muna 1905, Albert Einstein yaiwana imwe theorem no, iyo inoti kuti kana mune nguva hangaiwa nemasiraidhi akapendwa mumwe maawa, unogona kufamba vamwe vavo pamwe munhu curved namahwindo nzira tichigara nokukurumidza chero havasi yakagadzirwa A (uye kuti ichi It richaperera Somuenzaniso, t seconds), asi panguva vanosvika dzinoratidza shoma nguva kupfuura maawa zvakasara achiri.

Makore matanhatu gare gare, mamiriro gangaidzo dzidziso iyi akapa Pol Lanzheven. "Wrapped" ari kutarisana nyaya, iye atange mukurumbira kunyange pakati vanhu kure nesayenzi. In mafungiro Langevin, zvinopikisana iri dzidziso akatsanangura chokuti, achidzokera Earth, mufambi raiita nokukurumidza.

Makore maviri gare gare, Max of Laue akanga yemhando shanduro haisi zvinokosha nguva kumhanyisa ari chinhu, uye kuti iye owana inertial yakasiyana waverenga reference, kana ikaonekwa Earth.

Pakupedzisira muna 1918 Einstein pachake akagona gangaidzo pemapatya kuburikidza pokudzora rinokweva munda kwenguva.

Tsanangudzo gangaidzo

mapatya gangaidzo tsananguro iri nyore: yepakutanga kubvuma wakanyatsojeka pakati mapuranga maviri bhuku kwakaipa. The mufambi akanga ari inertial bhuku hurongwa haisi nguva dzose (ino anoshandawo nhoroondo wachi).

Somugumisiro, vakawanda vakafunga kuti anokosha dzidziso relativity hazvigoni kushandiswa kugadzirisa akashandiswa mapatya gangaidzo, kana vakawana zvaisaenderana mumwe zvakafanotaurwa.

Zvose kwakagadziriswa apo akasikwa mukuru dzidziso relativity. Akapa chaiyo dambudziko uye akakwanisa kusimbisa kuti zviri peya avo acharamba Zvaenderaniswa nenguva yeko kuti vari kufamba. Saka pakutanga gangaidzo basa vakagamuchira akangofananawo hweHIV.

vanokakavara nyaya

Pane kufungidzira kuti kumhanyisa nguva kuchikosha vakachinja wachi nokukurumidza. Asi panguva experimental nemiedzo akawanda akaratidzwa kuti pasi pokudzora kuwedzera kwemutemo nguva asingadi mhanyisa uye decelerate.

In kuguma Chikamu trajectory iro mumwe hama yakaitawo inoratidza chete vamwe asymmetry yomuka pakati mufambi uye mubhedha mbatatisi.

Asi mashoko aya haagoni kutsanangura nei nguva seiyi panguva inonakidza chinhu uye kwete chii ichingova yoga.

vachiongorora tsika

Twin Paradox Masvomhu uye theorems anorondedzera chaizvo, asi nokuda munhu sagona zvakaoma. Nokuti vaya vari nyore kuvimba tsika pane yokungotaura Masvomhu, mave dzakawanda kuedza kunangidzirwa kuratidza kana kusaratidza dzidziso relativity.

Mune imwe nyaya, taishandisa ane mabhomba wachi. Vari ne mukuru-zvakarurama, uye zvishoma sync vachagara vanoda makore anopfuura miriyoni imwe. Mukavaisa imwe ndege, ivo nendege vakapoteredza Earth kakawanda, uye mushure anoratidza rakanyatsojeka kuoneka lag pamusoro wachi usingavaki kubhururuka. Uye pasinei nokuti kufamba nokukurumidza rokutanga mharidzo wachi haana chiedza.

Mumwe muenzaniso: upenyu hwakareba pamusoro muons (inorema maerekitironi). Izvi zvokutanga tudonhwe wandei kakawanda zvairema kupfuura dzose, vane kunaka mutariri uye kuumbwa mune chapamusoro dzenyika yakapoteredza nokuda kuitwa yepasi pose mwaranzi. nokukurumidza kwavo Earth chete kubvuma chiedza chiduku. Kana avo zvechokwadi upenyu anotarisirwa (2 microseconds), vangadai nekuwora nokukurumidza pane kubata pechiso nyika. Asi nzira ndege, vanorarama 15 nguva yakareba (30 microseconds) uye achiri kuzadzisa chinangwa.

Chikonzero mumuviri kuti kupanana anonongedzera uye zvisinganzwisisiki

Twin Paradox rinotsanangura wefizikisi uye mutauro nyore. Chero bedzi pane kutiza, vose kumunun'una vari kubva siyana mumwe mapazi kune mumwe uye havagoni kuzviita nechokwadi kuti wachi dzemhando yepamusoro yavo kutamira synchronously. Kuziva zvakadini DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kufamba maawa mufambi anogona, kana isu kuongorora zviratidzo kuti Vakatuma nomumwe. Izvi vakaumbwa anonongedzera "nguva chaiwo", akaratidza sechiedza pulses kana mavhidhiyo kutapurirwa wachi chiso.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chiratidzo rirege chinopfuudzwa nenguva chaiyo, uye munguva yakapfuura, sezvo chiratidzo kupararira ndepana imwe nokukurumidza uye kunoda nguva kufamba kubva kunobva kuna receiver.

Zvakanaka kufungidzira nhaurirano chiratidzo kunogona chete tichifunga Doppler maturo; nokubvisa panobva kubva mugamuchiri kakawanda chiratidzo ipfupi, uye kana kuswedera - kuwedzera.

Akashandiswa tsananguro ari gangaidzo ezvinhu

Kutsanangura kutsanangura nyaya dzakadaro vane mapatya, unogona kushandisa mbiri dzinokosha nzira:

1. Tikanyatsoongorora aripo akanyatsorongwa constructs Zvinopesana uye kuziva musoro zvikanganiso chuma pfungwa.
2. Implementation yakarongwa Masvomhu kuongorora chinovhiringidza chokwadi nguva tichitarisa neimwe hama.

Boka rokutanga computational mashoko yakavakirwa nhepfenyuro ndokupinda mune inertial bhuku hurongwa. Chirevo ndechokuti zvinhu chokuita kumhanyisa ari kufamba ari chiduku pachinhu zvinonyatsorehwa kureba kutiza, kuti vanogona kuregeredzwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangapinda chetatu inertial waverenga bhuku zvinofamba kuburikidza pakaunda mirayiridzo pamusoro mufambi uye rinoshandiswa kubvisa mashoko kubva ayo wachi panyika.

Boka rechipiri kunosanganisira pakuverenga Akavaka kupiwa chokwadi chokuti nguva wakakurumidza inofamba richiri aripo. boka iri pacharo riri mapoka mapoka maviri: mumwe ichishanda Pfungwa regiravhiti (general relativity), uye mumwe - kwete. Kana vakawanda relativity rinobatanidzwa, zvinofungirwa kuti mukana wokuti vanhu vanga sokuti rinokweva hwuripo rinoenderana kumhanyisa hurongwa, uye anofunga nguva shanduko chekubuda unodiwa.

mhedziso

Kurukurirano All chokuita zvekufungidzira gangaidzo, nokuda inonzwisisika chikanganiso seasina. Hazvinei kuti mamiriro dambudziko kunge akagadzira kuitira kuti hama vakawana pachavo vari zvachose zvakafanana, ichibata ezvinhu, hazvibviri. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti nguva iri seiyi chaiyo pamusoro kutamira wachi, wakange kuenda kuburikidza nokuchinja bhuku mapuranga, nokuti chiitiko simultaneity ihama.

Change sei nguva zvakawanda seiyi kubva nemaonero nerimwe hama, nenzira mbiri: kushandisa mano zviito yechinangwa chaiye dzidziso relativity, kana kufunga non-inertial bhuku puranga. Zvakabuda zvose kadambari redunhu kuva wezvikamu anogona vakabvumirana pamusoro uye zvakaenzana kushumira kusimbisa kuti zvinofamba wachi nguva yava nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva.

On hwaro ichi, tinogona kufunga kuti kuchinjwa pfungwa Kuedza chokwadi uyo achatora nzvimbo homebody, chaizvoizvo vachikwegura kupfuura mufambi.