Yevaduku muRussia

Munyika ine mukuru mhosva mamiriro ezvinhu kutyisidzira manotsi yokupara mhosva. Munharaunda, muchiitiko ichi kuumbwa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu nezvokupindira yevana mabasa zvisiri pamutemo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mirayiro pamutemo vanofanira kupa zvakakwana hurumende apindure kuitika. We inotevera dambudziko yevaduku.

weCriminal Code

By nhoroondo yose, akapa muna Code, mutongo rinoshandisirwa yevana kubva pamakore 16. Zvisinei, Criminal Code rine nhamba zvokudya pamusoro iyo kuita ndiwo makore 14. Ekupedzisira dzinosanganisira nyaya:

• 105 - "Murder".
• 111 - "Kurasa nemaune kukonzera njodzi dzakaipisisa utano."
• 126 - "kupambwa".
• 112 - "Kurasa nemaune kukonzera njodzi kuti utano svikiro regiravhiti".
• 131 - "Rape".
• 158 - "Kuba".
• 132 - "Sexual kurwisa".
• 163 - "ugororo."
• 162 - "ugororo".
• 161 - "ugororo".
• 166 - "vasiri pamutemo nepfari imwe motokari asina chinangwa nezvakapambwa."
• 167 (Chikamu 2) - ". Kurasa nemaune kukuvadzwa / kuparadzwa pfuma pamberi sembura ezvinhu"
• 206 - "mubatwa-kupinza".
• 205 - "Ugandanga".
• 213 (Zvikamu 2 uye 3) - "Rezvinyamusi sembura ezvinhu".
• 214 - "kuparadzirwa".
• 226 - "nepakumanikidza / kuba zvombo, zvombo, zvinoputika kana bhomba namano."
• 267 - 'Kuunza maturo nzira yokukurukurirana kana chokufambisa ".
• 229 - "nokumanikidza / kuba marwadzo zvinodhaka kana psychotropic zvinhu."

mitsara Features

mutemo Juvenile inoreva vanhu, nenguva mhosva yakasvika makore 14, asi havana asi dzikava 18. Haasi marudzi ose chirango anogona kurevawo remasangano. Kunyanya, kusungwa havagoni kugara makore anopfuura 10, uye kwokururamisa basa - kupfuura gore. Kushumira mutsara kazhinji kuitwa mapoka redzidzo kunowedzera kana zvakafanana nzira. In mutongo, dare inorangarira mamiriro ezvinhu woupenyu zviduku, budiriro kunyanya mupfungwa, ukuru simba vakuru. Kukundikana kusvika zera ruzhinji anoonekwa kuva mitigating ezvinhu. zvinotevera marangirwo anogona kushandisirwa kuyaruka:

1. Fine.
2. Rokumanikidzirwa kana kwokururamisa basa.
3. Kurambidza chero basa.
4. Kusungwa.
5. Kusungwa kwenguva yakatarwa izwi. Kana chiito zviduku kana svikiro giravhiti kekutanga akaita, dare akusunungurirei mumwe hwanana kubva kuita nezviyero rokumanikidzirwa dzidzo anogona kuiswa pamusoro pake.
6. Yambiro.
7. Dzinovaka vanosungirwa kugadzirisana kuti kukuvara.
8. Uchatamisa pasi pokudzora nevabereki kana kudzora munhu unyanzvi risingaoneki.
9. Kurambidzwa nguva yokuzvifadza, pakatangwa mitemo yokuzvibata.

To yevana ingashandiswa akawanda zviyero panguva imwe chete. Kudzivirira ine mukutsanangura chiso kukuvadza kuti zvakonzera, uye migumisiro kwakamuka kubva nezviito zvake. Kugadzirisana nokuda kuzotadzira zvinhu nyaya anogona, chete rine mari. To mutemo uyu rinoshanda kwete chete s / N, asiwo bhezari uye nezvimwe zvikomborero. Kana hurongwa kukundikana yevana ushandiswe anotonga matanho dzidzo vari akadzima, uye zvinhu kuti nyaya yake akatumira dare, iyo anobata mubvunzo yokuunza naye kuita pasi Criminal Code.

Mugumisiro mukuru

Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana yevaduku. Not mudukusa pakati pavo pakufurira vakuru. In tsika, akawanda nyaya umo yevana vari mumabasa zvisiri pamutemo, pamwe mukuru vakuru. Sezvo vaikurudzira kazhinji vanoita recidivists. Kutaura zvazviri, maoko kuyaruka vakaita kwemhosva. Mukuita kudaro, kazhinji kudzivisa basa.

Uchifunga zvinokonzera yevaduku, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yevana vazhinji tichingoti asina kuzadzikisa dzemunharaunda hwakasimbiswa munharaunda, vari kuenda kunosangana munhu mukuru, pane kumuka vavo mubayiro muchimiro chezvinhu, ivo pachavo vaba.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vakuru basa kunoratidzwa nezviito zvisina chokuita basa chairo pamutemo chiito zvakananga. Zvisinei, mukuru inokanganisa pamusoro kuyaruka, kusimudzira unzenza, unzenza. Zvikurukuru, ichi chokuita kusango pabonde kugadzira yevana. Kubuda vakuru vari pabonde kuibvisa pave rakaorera pasi riri ipapo cultured yevaduku. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti inenge imwe matatu vasati vayaruka vakaita zvisiri pamutemo chiito, mangwanani kurara debut. Kupfuura hafu vavo vanoita zvepabonde nevanhu vakuru madzimai nevasikana.

mupfungwa zvinhu

Kugadzirisa dambudziko yokupara mhosva, nyanzvi dzinoti panguva paumbwe Transitional uye zvenguva siyana nevakwegura, unhu pane inconstancy pakugadzirwa inhibitory mhinduro. In juveniles zvakaoma. kwakakasharara vakachengeta kwakaderera kuziva kukosha hwemashoko kuitika. chikamu ichi vatadzi anonzi intractable. Vana, yevaduku rakasiyana munhu mukuru kuti juveniles vanoita mabasa pasina kufunga nezvemigumisiro. Kazhinji, vari rinosundwa kamwe uye anokurumidza kupfuura uchikwezvwa kuti chero chinhu. Ndokusaka mabasa mberi munhu zvakaitwa juveniles, zvakakodzera kushandisa rinokosha nzira uye nokungwarira.

Kwakakasharara fomu wakawedzera emotionality excitation predominance pamusoro chinovhiringidza. ehupfumi aya kunowedzera apo zvakananga zvakaitika. Izvi anotsanangura chokwadi kuti mwana ari nyore pane vakuru, zvokurimisa kuchiva nomutemo nechinangwa kushandisa mhirizhonga. Kuburikidza Kuongororwa yevaduku, vanachiremba vakawanda vanotora zvavanotaura pamusoro ndechokuti specificity pakati tsinga kunogona kukanganisa chimiro kuratidzwa imwe chiito. Zvichakadai, kurwisana anoshanda sezvo okuti iri, uye kwete zviri pamutemo maitiro chiito. Muenzaniso unoshamisa, zvikurukuru, vanogona kuva mhosva zororo iri kutevedzera.

Matambudziko kwomuviri

Yevaduku muzviitiko zvakawanda, ari zvakananga novimba hunhu pakuyaruka. Muchiitiko chino, hazvina chete zvinoratidzwa kushanda zvomukati uye uropi. Specificity pakuyaruka anosarudza hunhu uye maitiro ari muduku. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kana tichifunga mabasa kanganisa pamusoro dzepabonde bhora akuvara (chibharo, etc.). In adzidze kuzviitira parutivi mhosva kukodzera mufambiro, zvinokosha kufunga kuti kukura tsandanyama ino, kuti skeletal maitiro ane simba pamusoro kuziva vechidiki simba ravo. juveniles vakawanda pakuzvikudza kwavo utano, tsvaka kuratidza simba. Izvi zvinowanzoita nehasha uye chisimba zviito.

Yevaduku: Statistics

Munguva pakutsanangura nguva kuongorora zviri mhosva ezvinhu anoratidza nokuwedzera kwenhamba zvisiri pamutemo zviito zvakaitwa yevana. The kukura yevaduku kwakacherechedzwa mumakore ose USSR. Izvi zviri kuitika mberi nhasi. Parizvino, nhamba yevaduku muRussia sezvinotevera:

• 40% kubva juveniles nemhosva yokuba;
• 13% - kuba;
• 14% - kuba;
• 5% - nokuti umhondi.

Total mune mapoka rokudzidzisa raiva 12.7 zviuru. People. MuRussia, pane 3 pakuchengetedzwa vasikana makore 14-18 okuberekwa. Maererano mutsva Criminal Code mune mapoka redzidzo anobvumirwa kutumira vanhu kusvika makore 20. Vanopfuura 70% kuti angaratidza kushumira mitsetse dzavo havana dzidzo.

Yevaduku muRussia

Mumakore emakore ndaona kuwedzera kwenhamba kwokudarika zvakaitwa yevana. In hwanana ichi delinquency ari kukura ka7 dzichimhanya kupfuura kuchinja mune zvachose nevanhu muchizvarwa ichi boka. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo yevana rinotsanangura mhosva ezvinhu zvavo. Saka, kunyanya kukura vechidiki uye yokupara mhosva Murmansk uye Sakhalin, Kemerovo, Kamchatka, Archangelsk kumatunhu. Where yevana vanoita pamutemo ose wechitatu chiito.

zvinokosha

Makore ose ayo muchidzidza yevaduku, iyo Russian Federation kuiswawo pakati pemazita ose amambo inoti dzaiumba USSR, apo akanga ari soro. Paavhareji, yakanga yakati kuti ose 5 makore yakawedzera 14-17%. Kuwedzera yokupara mhosva kubva 1975 Akaperekedzwa zvinoderedza kana zvikuru zvishomanana kuwedzera uwandu muchikwata ichi vemo. Zvisinei, zvakanga kuzivikanwa kuwedzera pamusoro utsotsi ezvinhu zvavo munyika. Utsotsi rakavhara zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira, asi ari kuyaruka boka rakanga dzinenge nguva dzose kupfuura nyanyisa.

Negative kuitikawo vakanga kuchengetwa avo nguva apo zvakakwana utsinye matanho kuri nokuda yevana dzave dzatangwa. Mumakore 1973-1984 kukura kuyaruka mhosva chinyorwa mberi kuwedzera kwenhamba yakashumwa mhosva muboka iri. Uwandu yevana akatongerwa kugara mujeri mukati yakanatsa nguva yave chinokosha. Muna 1981-1985 gg. avhareji yegore negore nhamba zvaaitenda rava guru vose post-echimurenga kumwedzi. Nouchapupu Kunadzurudzwa kune Statistical zvabuda zvinogona kuita zvinyorwa latency. Nokuda kunyoresa urema, murombo vasabatwa zvinopesana nomutemo mabasa nokuda yevana chaiyo kuita pamusoro 3-4 nguva pamutemo yairatidza mashoko.

zvazvakashatira hurongwa

Tsika rokurwisa yokupara mhosva kunotungamirira kwete chete kune inonyatsozivikanwa kukanganiswa pamufananidzo nokuda urema mabasa kunyoresa, asiwo kune sizvo uye kururama mhosva nomutemo pamusoro kufara uye nyaya kuferefetwa, uyewo kuurayiwa chirango. Zvekufamba nokuti zviito kwakaitwa fragmenting chokwadi. . Izvi imhaka kusada kwenyika vaongorori kazhinji dzishandise zvose mhosva vechikamu zvose Zvikamu, kukurukurirana, etc. In tsika, zvinoitika kuti kuba akaita pasina vaipomerwa Vatengesi uye Gunners, kufungidzira - pasina kutenga varongi muropa kuzvimiririra, pasina Vagadziri uye Distributors, uye zvichingodaro. Zvose izvi ndiwo mutoro nokuda kukanganisa mhosva mufananidzo. Kuderedza yokupara mhosva saka kunoitika artificially: zvinoderedza uwandu nyaya akaita chiito dzemazera akasiyana-siyana inowanikwa kwavari uye zvichingodaro.

prerequisites

By criminological zvikonzero nekufemera kukura delinquency pakati kuyaruka dzinosanganisira:

1. Population kukura muboka yevana.
2. The anononoka kumhanya Implementation zviyero zvainanga kuvandudza zvinhu zvakanaka mhuri.
3. Low huri upenyu. Zvikurukuru azvinoita mhuri huru uye vabereki vari voga.
4. Kunwisa basa vanaamai vane kushanda uye kuchengetedza nzira youpenyu, kurera vana.
5. Kushomeka nhamba zvikoro dzidzo uye preschools.
6. Murombo sangano paruzhinji mabasa.

Uyezve, yevaduku yakawedzera zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Poor ezvinhu dzidzo mumhuri.
2. Kushaikwa kubatsira vabereki nevadzidzisi.
3. Kurovedza murombo, kutungamirira basa rokudzidzisa riri nemasangano.
4. basa varombo makomisheni pakubata yokupara zviitiko, Vezvemitemo.

Inokanganisa ezvinhu uye inopa zvetsika ari nhamba masangano asiri ehurumende, vane mabasa zvinofanira zvainanga kusimudzira zvevana masangano, zvikoro, mhuri, mapurisa, dare, kusunga uye kudzivirira yevaduku.

Matanho kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu

Pari, dziviriro yevaduku iri kumhanya ne KDN. Commission zvakagadzirirwa nechokwadi zvakananga nesungano pakati dzakasiyana-siyana kwemitemo hurongwa. Zvisinei, muna tsika, kazhinji akacherechedza murombo unongotaura KDN. Izvi imhaka guru tichienzanisa bhuku zvokutonga zvenyika. Preparatory kugadzirwa uye zvakananga kuongorora zvinhu inopa chimwe, kazhinji haana asingachaiti mamwe mabasa, basa mushandi ari Commission.

Kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa yokuumba rinokosha muviri nenyanzvi vashandi evanhu. mabasa avo kunofanira kusanganisira mabasa kutsigira mhuri. Vashandi ava kushamwaridzana nevana kukura dambudziko mumhuri, vadzidzi yenherera. Zvinofanira kuva pachena mitemo tsanangudzo chimiro zvinhu zvakadaro. Nhasi yambokurukurwa uye kushandisa imwe iine mamwe matanho. Dzinovavarira:

1. Kuti uvandudze kuyaruka utano, avo, panyama nepfungwa ezvinhu nepfungwa.
2. Legal hurumende ichiisa mabasa ehurumende, nzanga uye mhuri kurerwa yevana sezvo chaiyo bhora, vachirayira kufadza kubatsirwa uye zvakanakira zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo mumagariro uye zvibereko kwezvivako.
3. Zvinoenderana Nenguva uye azere nekuripira kurasikirwa kuyaruka akaita kurasikirwa vabereki kana mhuri chinetso.
4. Nokukurira irresponsibility pamusoro pehurumende nokutapwa yevana, akakuvadza vanotongwa paaivatambudza dzidzo yavo.
5. Kusika zvinhu kuti ndichengetedze, kuvandudzika uye Implementation vana rokusika uye basa zvinogona.

chaicho matanho

Public negwaro anopa:

1. Vachitaura chikuru matambudziko chokuita dambudziko nhaka abnormalities, wembereko kutsauka vanotongwa nechirwere kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka uye udhakwa, kanganisika mumuviri uye mupfungwa kukura. Mukati framework ichi, akaenzaniswa zvainanga noWokumusoro inokanganisa mhuri makemikari akasiyana, kusanganisira kutarisira utano, zvinodhaka, kwezvakatipoteredza urongwa, kuvandudzika kuti maternity basa uye zvichingodaro.
2. Unconditional uye pakutanga hurumende ichiisa pfuma, kutsigira mhuri imwe neimwe hazvibviri, uye zvirokwazvo kusvika zvakakodzera, kufungisisa mitengo uye dzimwe ezvoupfumi mananara.
3. Inotungamirwa uye kubudirira kutsigirwa mabasa, ane vashandi zvikuru vanokwanisa, yakakwana zvinhu chawo. zvisikwa zvayo zvinofanira kubatana mawa rutapudzo pamusoro madhipatimendi, kunyanya rezvemukati mamiriro zvakagadzirirwa aongorore uye kuzvidzora mhuri.
4. Paumbwe unyanzvi, zvinhu uye zvimwe zvinhu nokuda hurongwa kubatanidzwa yevana vari noitika uye zvakanaka akaripa basa.

mhedziso

Pari dambudziko yevaduku kunokosha chaizvo. Kazhinji aendeswa munzanga uye mamiriro zviitiko zvikuru kukwana kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, yakawanda basa zvakatoitwa, uye akapa nemigumisiro yakanaka inoverengeka. Active matanho vari kutorwa ari kuchinja ari kudyidzana pamwe mwana pasi vakadzidza basa dzaitongwa. Chokwadi, kuvandudza zvinhu zvichiri kuitwa chaizvo basa. In ichi co-kushanda yaifanira kwete chete zvakananga kubva yevana pachavo, asiwo mudonzvo nomazvo nemasimba, nhengo veruzhinji nemasangano. Kazhinji, shure ndisingafari chaizvo pauduku, kuvharirwa, muedzo, mujeri correctional nzvimbo anova rakaipisisa pokugara. On rusununguko mhosva hapana ane hanya. Munguva mapoka chete munhu kokutanga, ivo teererai. Akapfeka uye zvokudya. Ivo kurara noushamwari mumba. Uye pasinei gangaidzo izvozvo zvinganzwika, zvakajairika upenyu.