Zvikamu zvebhajitori zvinoshandiswa ndezvokuti ... Account yezvikwereti zvebhadhadha yezvemari

Mari yevateresi inopinda muhurumende yehurumende inowanzogoverwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvakagadziriswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu uye sangano sevanhu vose. Kuti nzira yekugovera bhajeti zvipi zvarongwa, tichakurukura munyaya iri pasi apa.

Kuenzanisa kwebhajheji

Zviyero zvebhajari zvinoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yemari inopiwa nehurumende yehurumende kuvhara rubatsiro rwevanhu, uyewo mari yekuvandudza kwenharaunda munguva yakatarwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo mari iyo nyika inosungirwa kuti ione kubatsira kwevanhu.

Zviyero zvebhajari zvinosungirirwa ndezvimwe zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvikwereti zvemari. Uye izvi zvinoshandiswa sezvizvi:

• Kuvhara zvido zvehupenyu zvevanhu;
• Kupihwa kwezvimwe zvinhu uye mabasa ehutano hwomuguta;
• Mari yezvemari yekuisa mari kune dzimwe nyika dzisiri dzemutemo;
• Kuchinja kwehutano hwakasiyana-siyana;
• Kubatsira kune vamiririri vemutemo wenyika dzakawanda nenzira yorudo;
• Kubhadhara kwemakwereti emunharaunda;
• Kuitwa kwekutonga umo nyika yeRussian Federation inoshanda semumiririri mukuremekedza kwekukuvara kwetsika kana kwepanyama kunokonzerwa.

Nzira yekugoverwa kwebasa rezvemari

Zviyero zvebhadhadha zvinoshandiswa nehupfumi hwehurumende, saka, kune nyaya yekuparidzirwa kwavo, Mari yeHaimari inowirirana mumatambudziko uye nehuwandu hwemhosva.

Kutanga, zvido zvemuviri mukuru - Ministry of Finance - zviri kuzadzikiswa, mushure mokunge mashoko acho anounzirwa kune ruzivo rweMari. Kwemazuva matatu anotevera ekushanda, iyo yekupedzisira inoita zvikwata kuvane masimba ekutungamirira mumunda. Izvo chirongwa ichocho chinoshanda zvakare apo mari inogamuchirwa neHaimariyo kubva kuRF Ministry of Finance.

Muitiko apo pakutanga kwegore idzva rondedzero yebhajheti yakanga isati yanyorwa nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, mutumbi mukuru unozivisa zvivako zvemasuwa pamusoro pemagetsi akarondedzerwa pamusoro apa. Panguva imwecheteyo, munyaya dzakapiwa neHupatimendi reMari, panofanira kunge ichitaura panguva iyo inoderedzwa kana kuderedzwa kwemiganhu yekuzvipira ichazoshandiswa, mushure mokunge zvikwereti zvitsva zvinodzingwa.

Kudzivirirwa kwezvikwereti zvebhajeti

Dzimwe nguva padanho rekugovera kuendeswa, hurumende yehurumende yakavharwa. Sezvo miganhu yebhadharo yezvigadziro inoratidza zviratidzo zvakawanda, humwe hutungamiri hweMari uye hurumende inotungamira vane kodzero yekudzikisa.

Kudzivirirwa kwezvikwereti kunogona kuitika munharaunda iyo vamiririri vane kodzero dzeHurumende vanovhiringidza kukodzera kwezvakagoverwa mari. Uyewo, miganhu yebhadharo inoshandiswa inogona kuderedzwa muchiitiko chekuti panguva ino iri kuwedzera kwakaderera mumari kune mari yehurumende kubva kune vabhadhara. Ichi chisarudzo chinogona kutorwa nemunhu chero upi zvake wehutungamiri webazi - zvose VaMutungamiriri Wezvemari, uye mumiririri wenharaunda yehurumende pasi.

Uyewo, miganhu yezvisungo zvebhajeti inodzivirirwa gore negore pane zvakarongeka musi waDecember 31 maererano nekumagumo kwegore rekuzivisa.

Basa reMari

Kubva sezvo mari yehurumende inonyanya kushandiswa kwemari yemari yemari, tichagara pamusoro pemabasa ayo mune zvimwe zvinyorwa. Saka, masimba emuviri uyu anosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Kuunza ruzivo kuvane masimba ekutungamirira pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinogona kutengeswa nemiganhu yavo.
2. Kubhadharwa kwemiganhu pamusoro pemari yekubhadharwa kwemari yekuita mari
3. Kuvhura kwebhangi dzebhangi zvinoda kuurayiwa kwemuzinda.
4. Kugadziriswa kwemahofisi ehurumende.
5. Nhepfenyuro yematareji pamusoro pebhadhadha mari.
6. Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvose zvinodiwa zvinokumbirwa kuHurumende yeMari pamusoro pekushandiswa kwehurumende huripo panguva yekuzivisa.
7. Kufananidza nguva yenguva yemberi.
8. Constant control pamusoro pekushandiswa kwehurumende yebhadhiro nemasangano ekutonga.
9. Kuburitsa kwekugumisa zvibvumirano zvehurumende, umo mari kubva pahupfumi inobatanidzwa.
10. Kudzivirirwa kwezvivande zvenyika.

Pakati pese, tinoona kuti mari yezvemari inoshandiswa muhurumende ndiyo inhengo inokosha inobatanidzwa mukuzadzikisa mitemo yezvemari kune hurumende.

Basa reChivigiro muRussian Federation

Mutungamiri mukuru webhajeti yemari, anomiririrwa neHurumende yeHurumende yeFederal Treasury, yakagadzwa muna 1992 nemutemo wehurumende.

Sangano rave richishanda kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri zvichienderana nemitemo yakawanda:

• Cash kubatana (muchiito, zvinoreva kuti mari ipi neipi inoshandisa mari uye mari inodarika nepamutemo yakanyoresa mabhengi maakaunti);
• Kugadziriswa - humwe hutungamiri hwehutungamiri hunogamuchira zvakaenzana nemari yeHaimari, sezvinotaurwa nemuganhu;
• Targeting, uye izvi zvinoreva kuti chiyero chimwe nechimwe chekugadzirisa bhajeti rine hurongwa hwakakosha hunoshandiswa;
• Kubudirira - Basa reHurumende rinotungamirirwa nekutonga kwemari kusingagumi;
• Kusasarura - zvose zvingabhadharwa bhajeti zvinopiwa uye zvinoshandiswa nenzira yakazaruka uye inozivikanwa.

Taura nezvezvisungo zvebhajimenti

Gore negore pakuguma kwemwaka wega wega wega wega wegadziriro yemamiriro ehurumende anogadzira mushumo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemari yebhajheji.

Mushure mokunge, mukati memwedzi imwechete nehafu, Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation inotsvaga migumisiro yegore rapera uye inopa maonero: kana pane kuwedzera kwemiganhu yebhadhadha yemitemo kana kwete.

Mhedziso yemutumbi unobvumirwa ine basa rinoshandiswa rezvikwereti, tsanangudzo yezvimwe zvikamu zvekutsvaga, kuongororwa kwehurumende yebhadharo yemari uye zvikwereti zvinopiwa nehurumende yezvikwereti, pamwe chete nemitoro inobatanidza nekuchengetedzwa kwepfuma.

Kubva pamigumisiro yemhedziso, hurumende Duma yeRussian Federation inozviona uye inoita chisarudzo pamusoro pekugamuchirwa kwayo kana kurambwa, pamwe nekugadziriswa.