Zviri nyore kupindura mubvunzo: chii chinonzi Fascism?

Mushure World Second afa pasi, shoko akafanana "Fascism" yava pachena kunaka kukosha, uye ikozvino ichi izwi yakawanda kushungurudzwa, saka vanodana ake vavengi enyika uye yakarembera zvisiri zvavo. Ukuwo, yakadaro kujeka tsanangudzo iyi inotyisa chakajairika zvirokwazvo rinobvumira kumutsidzirwa zvakanaka-bapiro mapati, izvo, zvisinei, saka usadana pachavo, kunyange zvazvo dzidziso dzavo ndiko pedyo chaizvo Fascism kana dzine zvimwe zvinhu dzidziso iyi. Asi zviri nyore kutsanangura zvakajeka chinyiko fascism, cherechedza miganhu rokuti?

Classic fascism, ndiko kuti yakamanikana nhoroondo pfungwa shoko, muna 1922, akava kuzivikanwa muItaly pashure akakurumbira "kutevedzana musi Roma" Blackshirts Benito Mussolini. The zita "Fascism" ane Italian midzi, rinobva pashoko "Fascio» (fascio), kureva, makambani, mibatanidzwa. A political yakakura sangano inotungamirirwa Mussolini, rainzi Union of Zvii (Fascio Di combattimento). Fascio, akavapindurawo, chokuita fascis Latin (boka, boka) - anonzi honorary chombo lictors, varindi yeRoma Republic. Panzira, kuti fascia achiri aripo Chirevo ehurumende zviremera dzimwe nyika (semuenzaniso, ari chiratidzo yeRussian Federal chikonzi Service). Asi zviratidzo - chiratidzo, uye zvino kuonekwa chiratidzo kufamba swastika German revaNazi. Asi chii dzematongerwe enyika fascism, uye ndedzipi pfungwa zviri dzidziso iyi?

Blackshirts kufamba anogona zvechokwadi kunzi anomanikidza, rudzi, uye kushandisa hwakanyanya mhirizhonga sezvo zvinoitika chimiro enyika hondo. Asi Somuenzaniso, Anti-Semitism uye kusarurana pakati Italian Fascism haana kumira nechemberi dzematongerwe yavo, sezvazvakanga zvakaita nevaNazi German. Zvisinei, sezvo Italian nevaFascist ainyatsoona Ultra-zvakanaka, kuruboshwe mapato kuti zvakakodzera rokushora ichi dzematongerwe enyika, dzimwe nguva overreaction uye kudana sezvo vavengi vake, kunyange vakwikwidzi kubva mumusasa kuruboshwe Somuenzaniso, vamwe vaKomonisiti akadana evanhu democrats "pasocial vaFascist." Classical "akasiya" tsanangudzo chii Fascism, pamusoro VII Congress of Comintern akapa Georgi Dimitrov: '... gandanga udzvinyiriri pakati reactionary masangano rezvemari guru ... In dzimwe mutemo, fascism - ndiwo chauvinism rinonyanya unhu netsika kuti anokudziridza ari uterine ruvengo kune mamwe marudzi. "

Zvisinei, tsanangudzo iyi hazvirevi akanyatsosiyanisa unhu dzematongerwe enyika racho, iro kunotitadzisa maitiro zvakajeka Fascism. Sayenzi yemazuva Akamboedza kuzadza pakakoromoka ichi uye akaita pasi features, kuvapo iyo iri chirongwa kana dzematongerwe webato anoita kumutumidza yechiFascist. Izvi nechisimba Anti komiyunizimu, yakakura urudzi uye kunyange hurumende, chiuto, traditionalism, leaderism, statism, kuti kusimudzirwa pamusoro "rudzi titular" uye akazaruka kusarura dzemadzinza vashoma, zvinhu zvinoumba populism nokuzivisa kudzivirirwa voruzhinji (Zvisinei, chivi ichi mapato mazhinji). Asi chikuru chinokosha rakasvika kuna yebato reNazi musimba ane totalitarianism kuti ndiyo yose kudzora mamiriro, chinopinda kunyika mabhora ose upenyu hwevanhu.

Zvisinei, kunyange tsanangudzo iyi Fascism runoita kuzodana shoko akadaro nationalist kumapati zhinji uye neChikomonisiti (somuenzaniso, Taliban hurumende iri Afghanistan) uye kunyange anoratidza munhandare imwe izwi akadai Fascism wechiJudha, kushandisa kuti pachena discriminatory wokuti hwaIsraeri.

KUNZWISISA (kutsanangura) chii Fascism ndiko, kunobatsira kudzidza kwakadaro chokuita kwakamuka pamusoro pakuri Italian dzenhoroondo mhando kufamba nako Mussilini collaborated kana wakaisa Blackshirts kufamba sezvo muenzaniso wavo hondo. MuGermany, zvakanga National Socialism (uye Nazism), Spain - falangizm uye Francoism, Portugal - The hurumende itsva muHungary - "Arrow Cross", muRomania - the "Iron Guard" muBrazil - integralism (kunyange zvayo dzidziso pakanga pasina urudzi), Bulgarian, yeAustria, zveBelgium uye Japanese neshanduro Fascism.