Zvirwere: pakarongwa zviratidzo, kurapwa, dziviriro

Pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, vanhu yabudirira vamwe kubudirira mukurwisa zvimwe zvirwere. Asi, sezvazvakanyorwa akatendeuka akabuda, mangwanani kupemberera kwokupedzisira kukunda dambudziko zvinotapukira. List vanopfuura 1,200 madunhurirwa, uye ari kuramba achiudza pamwe ichangobva kuwanikwa chirwere.

Sei kudzidza zvirwere

Misa chirwere aizivikanwa murume kubva kare. Pane uchapupu hwokuti kunyange 5th remakore BC vazivi uye vanachiremba vaifungira ariko mamwe duku, asingaoneki kuti ziso zvipenyu anogona kukonzera zvirwere dzinoratidzwa kufambira kupararira uye yakakwirira kufa. Zvisinei, muna yeMiddle Ages, zvinhu maonero vakakanganikwa, uye yaizotangira vakawanda zvirwere yakafanira chete kuna Mwari chirango. Asi kuti varwere vanofanira kuva oga, uye nokuparadza utachiona zvinhu, zvivako uye zvitunha, taiziva kare.

Knowledge akazviunganidzira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakati remakore rechi19 aizivikanwa kuzvarwa Sayenzi zvidukuduku. Ipapo azaruka vaishandira zvirwere zvizhinji: hwechigwadara, korera, denda, tiibhii uye nevamwe. zvirwere zvinotapukira kubva voga ari oga boka.

mazwi

Shoko "chirwere" muchiLatin rinoreva "kusvibiswa", "chirwere." Somunhu zvipenyu pfungwa, ichi izwi rinoreva kupinda pakati roga chirwere utachiona hwakakura mu dzakakwirira zvinenge. Izvi zvinogona kuva munhu kana mhuka, kana chirimwa. Next anotanga kubata pakati microorganism uye micro gadziriro inoyerera, Chokwadi, kwete oga asi pasi ezvinhu chaiwo zvakatipoteredza. Uyu chaizvo kunzwisisa pazvinhu zvipenyu, uye akaritumidza chinotapukira. Somugumisiro ichi kukurukurirana macroorganism kana akabudiswa zvachose nayo utachiona, kana afa. The chimiro, iyo inoratidza kutapuriranwa muitiro - iri chaiwo zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Common zvirwere unhu

About pakutanga ane zvirwere angati, kana pashure musangano nayo utachiona uye microorganism, kunyanya munhu, pane kukanganisa pamusoro vokupedzisira upenyu mashandiro, zviratidzo kuoneka uye kuwedzera antibody titer rinowanikwa muropa. Kunewo mamwe marudzi zvinotapuriranwa pezvakaitwa: utano mutakuri utachiona pamberi kutapata kana rwokuzvarwa kutapata kuti chirwere, chisingaperi zvirwere, anononoka noutachiona.

Kunze chokwadi chokuti zvose kunotanga zvirwere utachiona, utachiona, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana kwavari. zvirwere akadaro chinotapuriranwa, kuti anokwanisa kutapukira kubva munhu ane HIV kana mhuka kuti utano. Zvadai, zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere uye pandemics, kureva mukanyiwa kupararira kwechirwere chacho, uye ichi ndicho chikuru chaizvo unotyisidzira vanhu.

Uyezve, pezvirwere zvinopomerwana, ndandanda rinogona kuwanikwa mishonga ipi rekushandisa, nguva dzose kuitika mu zvinogara. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anotevedzana nguva zvikamu chinorondedzerwa muna chirwere kwacho panguva: yacho incubation iyoyo, pavaipfuura Precursors nehosha, panguva kureba chirwere, nguva kudzikira uye, pakupedzisira, yavaipora nguva.

The incubation nguva haisi kuratidzwa kurapwa vachiri asina. Ndiye mapfupi kupfuura pamusoro utachiona uye zvakawanda dose yaro, uye Ingasiyana kubva maawa mashoma uye mishoma kana kunyange kwemakore. Harbingers chirwere - ichi ndicho uye pachinzvimbo kujeka zviratidzo pairi kufungidzira imwe zvirwere zvakaoma. Typical nokuti maximal zvekuchipatara kuratidzwa mune danho pakakwirira chirwere. Uyezve, chirwere anotanga uchabvuruvara, asi vamwe zvirwere dzinoratidzwa zvazvo.

Chimwe dzakananga hunhu zvinotapuriranwa ndiyo paumbwe panguva masoja chirwere.

rwarisa yomuchipatara

Infectious vamiririri vane nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye hunokuvadza. Nhanganyaya zvekare nayo utachiona zvinobudirira, mumwe musangano macro- uye Micro-Nhengo hakuna kukwana. Vaifanira kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinhu. Zvikuru ndiye chaiko mamiriro pamusoro microorganism wayo vakachengeteka enyika.

A mujenya kunobva pathogenicity pakati nayo utachiona. Zvinonzi pakutsvaga mwero virulence (virulence) ane microorganism, ayo toxigenic (aka - kukwanisa kubudisa tsvina) uye utsinye. mamiriro zvemhoteredzo inoitawo guru basa.

Kupatsanura kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa

Chokutanga, zvirwere zvinogona akarongeka zvichienderana nayo utachiona. Kazhinji, ivo voga nemavhairasi, kwemabhakitiriya uye fungal zvirwere. Oga oga chlamydial, mycoplasmal, rickettsial, zvirwere spirochetal, kunyange chlamydia uye mycoplasma uye rickettsia, uye spirochetes ndezvaJehovha kunyikadzimu utachiona. Nemavhairasi - Zvimwe ichi ndicho utachiona. Zvisinei, mabhakitiriya anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakawanda. Zvezvisarudzo akakurumbira - zvakadai tonsillitis, yomumuzongoza, korera, denda, kwemabhakitiriya mabayo, tibhii, tetenasi. By fungal zvirwere, kana fungal zvirwere zvinosanganisira candidiasis, tinea, onychomycosis, chisasa.

Rakajairika zvinotapukira dzinoiswa maererano nzvimbo localization kuti utachiona kwakavakirwa kwavo mashandiro kuti hutachiwana, asi chokuita avo nezvirwere izvo kupararira pamunhu nomunhu. Nokudaro, akapora intestinal zvinotapukira wakapiwa kubudikidza fecal-waiita nzira (astroviral chirwere, poriyo, korera, sefivha). Pane rwarisa yokumusoro kufema turakiti chirwere. Muitiro chirwere inonzi droplet (SARS, diphtheria, nezvitsvuku fivha, dzihwa). Zvirwere vachiri kukwanisa localize neropa uye pachishandiswa zvipembenene ikaruma, uye kurapwa. Tiri kutaura majekiseni uye kuisira ropa. Izvi zvinosanganisira chiropa B, denda, typhus. Panewo kwokunze noutachiona kukanganisa ganda uye mucosa uye pachishandiswa kuonana.

Mune shanduka imwe neimwe zvinotapuriranwa mumiririri kusimbisa atrium kwayo. Saka, vakawanda tusingaoneki rakapinda kuburikidza mucous membranes ari kufema turakiti, vamwe - kuburikidza zvomudumbu turakiti, dzokubereka turakiti. Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, kuti chete utachiona hwakakura anokwanisa kupinda muviri panguva iyoyo nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, hepatitis B iri kuburikidza neropa, kubva mai mwana uye kuonana.

Kana zvinokonzera chirwere, ivo anthroponoses kusiyanisa kana hosha anobva murume, uye zoonoses, kana mhuka vari vatakuri chirwere. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zoonotic vamiririri neVadzidzi womunhu mune ramangwana mhoteredzo haazomiri, saka kusimba kupararira zoonotic zvirwere dererei zvikuru pane anthroponoses. Zoonoses zvinosanganisira brucellosis chirwere, zvanga zvine utachiona uhu, denda, tularemia, chimbwamupengo, hwechigwadara, rutsoka uye muromo chirwere, tetenasi. For zoonoses maitiro, sezvo mutemo, vanoverengeka hutachiwana zvigadziriswe.

Kune zvitatu zvikuru nzvimbo nezvirwere zvinotapukira. Icho muviri womunhu, mhuka uye zvisina upenyu ezvinhu - ivhu uye mvura.

Zviratidzo zvirwere

Common zviratidzo zvinotapuriranwa zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvive, nomusoro, pallor, chills, dzairwadza, fivha, dzimwe nguva - kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, uye manyoka. Kuwedzera vakawanda, pane zviratidzo dzakananga mumwe chirwere. Somuenzaniso, apo munhu mapundu ose meningococcal chirwere zvikuru chaizvo.

Diagnostics

Kana chirwere, inofanira kuvakirwa pokunyatsofeya uye misoro kudzidza murwere. Kudzidza kunosanganisira hwakadzama uye misoro kuongorora nhengo uye mugadziriro rokuongorora uye ongororo zvakakodzera rabhoritari zvabuda. Early chirwere kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa ndokwechokwadi zvinetso, asi zviri zvikuru kuti nenguva yakakwana kurapwa murwere uyewo sangano matanho.

mabatiro

In kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakadai zvinotapuriranwa, izvo nyora saka awesomely yakakura, akataura nhamba nzvimbo. Chokutanga, zviyero kuti ndanzwawo kuti kuderedza basa nayo utachiona uye neutralization ose zvinokachidza ayo. Nokuti ichi chinangwa nemishonga, bacteriophages, mainterferon uye nedzimwe nzira.

Chechipiri, zvinokosha kusimbisa muviri dzokuzvidzivirira, kushandisa zvinodhaka immunomodulatory uye mavhitaminzi. Treatment vanotongofanira kuva dzakaoma. Zvakakosha kuti normalize kuti vakadhakwa mashandiro zvomukati uye chirwere enyika. Chero zvazvingava, mishonga nzira inofanira kufunga zvose nomumwe zvechadenga murwere uye nzira chirwere chake.

dziviriro

To yakanakisisa kuzvidzivirira iwe nemhuri yako kubva kutyisidzira sezvo zvirwere, izvo zvinosanganisira ndandanda zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi, kwemabhakitiriya uye fungal mavambo, vanofanira kungwarira kupatsanura varwere matanho, kubaya, achisimbisa zvirwere. Uye dzimwe nguva, kuti avaponese kubva chirwere, kuchengetwa zvakakwana zvokutanga mitemo utsanana.