Source chirwere: tsanangudzo, mifananidzo, zvitupa

mutauro wedu rinogara vagere zvipenyu anopfuura 600 anozivikanwa tupukanana tusingaoneki, asi tine zvakawanda mikana kunhonga utachiona paruzhinji senga. Chii panobva ane zvirwere? kuti mashandiro chirwere sei?

utachiona hwakakura

Yekutapurira utachiona anonzi hweHIV. Izwi akazviratidza muna 1546 nemhaka Girolamo Fracastoro. Parizvino sainzi unozviziva 1400 Micro-zvinenge, ivo vose yakatipoteredza, asi regai kuva matiri nguva yose chirwere.

Sei? Chokwadi kuti zvinenge zvose vari rakakamurwa pathogenic, mikana uye vasiri pathogenic. Wokutanga Kazhinji tupukanana, uye vanoda "hondo" ayo kukura. Vanogona kunyange yarova muviri wakasimba uye nemishonga.

Mikana utachiona (Escherichia coli coli, Candida chakuvhe) haakonzeri hwakanaka munhu chero zvavaifunga. Vanogona kurarama zvakatipoteredza, kuva chikamu microflora muviri. Asi pasi zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai somunhu simba rokuzvidzivirira, vanova pathogenic, kuti zvinokuvadza.

Shoko rokuti "dzisiri pathogenic" kunosanganisira hapana ngozi nekuita pamwe zvinenge izvi, kunyange vanogona kupinda mumuviri chikonzero uye munhu chirwere. Miganhu pakati pathogenic uye nonpathogenic microflora mu zvidukuduku akazivisa zvikuru blurry.

Kunobva chirwere

An zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerwa kupinda mumuviri kuti pathogenic notumwe, nemavhairasi, majemusi, mabhakitiriya, prions. Panobva utachiona ndiyo mhoteredzo, izvo zvinoita kuti kukura kwavo. svikiro iri kazhinji anoita somunhu kana mhuka.

Kuwana mumwaka ezvinhu, mabhakitiriya achishingaira kuwanda, uye ipapo siya kwaibva, vanozviwana vari kwokunze zvakatipoteredza. Pane Utachiona Kazhinji regai bereka. nhamba yavo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderedza kusvikira kwakakwana kunyangarika, uye siyana yaivhuvhuta zvinhu chete mhanyisa izvi.

Reactivate rinokosha basa zvigare inotengwa kana vakawana "tenzi" itsva - anodzivirira munhu kana mhuka ane gadziriro zvirwere simba. The kutenderera inogona kudzokororwa ichi- kusvikira utachiona tupukanana achatambanudza kune utano zvinenge.

Environment sezvo wokutepfenyurisa

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti zvakatipoteredza - hazvisi anokonzera chirwere. Anogara anoita murevereri nokuda kwemashoko Micro-zvipenyu. Kushomeka mwando, kushaya zvokudya uye kukodzera ambient tembiricha mamiriro vari vanoshorwa kuti kukura kwavo.

Air, zvemumba, mvura, ivhu pachavo kutanga utachiona, uye chete waendeswa chisvetasimba pahondo muviri. Kana utachiona inowanikwa munharaunda idzi yakarebesa, varege kufa. Nepo vamwe inokosha nemishonga uye rinogona zvichengeteke kunyange yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu kwemakore akawanda.

nemishonga Strong ane chigwadara. Muvhu, izvozvo inochengeterwa emakore, asi chete neawa Papera kuurayiwa kufashaira. Chinhu zvachose hanya disinfecting nevamiririri. The causative mutumwa korera, El Tor akakwanisa kurarama muvhu, jecha, zvinhu uye mutsvina yadzo, uye kudziyisa gungwa 17 madhigirii kubvumira tsotso kuwanda.

Sources chirwere: Types

Zvirwere vari rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda, maererano yavanofanira kuwanda uye zvinenge vanogona kurapwa. Pachishandiswa mashoko aya, govera anthroponoses, zooantroponozy uye zoonoses.

Zooantronozy anthropozoonosis kana mhaka chirwere iri kupi chirwere munhu kana mhuka. Muvanhu, chirwere kazhinji kunoitika kuburikidza mhuka, kunyanya nemakonzo kuburikidza. By zoonotic Zvirwere anorondedzera chimbwamupengo, glanders, tibhii, leptospirosis, hwechigwadara, brucellosis, trypanosomiasis.

Anthroponotic chirwere panyaya apo panobva chirwere - vanhu, uye izvozvo zvinogona chete kuchinjirwa vamwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzoka, typhus uye sefivha, huku pox, mwandabvu, yokuSpain, njovhera, whooping chikosoro, korera, gwirikwiti uye poriyo.

Zoonoses akadana zvirwere iro yakanaka zvakatipoteredza chiri muviri mhuka. Under zvimwe zvinhu, chirwere chinogona chakasvitswa vanhu, asi pamunhu nomunhu - kwete. Kusara ndiye denda, yellow fever, vanokwanisa kutenderedza pakati pavanhu.

Kuonekwa chirwere

Munhu ane HIV kana mhuka anogona kukonzera yakafara kupararira chirwere mukati rimwe nemisha akawanda, uye dzimwe nguva dzakawanda. Ngozi chirwere uye avo kugovera kudzidza epidemiologists.

Pamusoro kuonekwa kuti kunyange chimwe nyaya chirwere a, vanachiremba kuwana zvose nezvokuzadziswa utachiona. Ziva kunobva chirwere kunoitika, tsanangudzo zvayo mhando uye kuparadzirwa nzira. Kuita anowanzodanwa kushandiswa nhoroondo iyi epidemiological, ndiko kuti ngavagunde murwere pamusoro ichangopfuura mabasa, nevanhu vanhu nemhuka, musi kutanga zviratidzo.

Complete ruzivo pamusoro kombera zvikuru kubatsira. With zvichibvira kuziva kwadzinoita kupfuudzwa, pangava tsime, uyewo vanokwanisa pakafunuka (kana pane chiitiko kuroorwa kana uremu).

Muvambi utachiona hakusi nyore kuziva nguva dzose, pangava wandei. Zvakaoma zvikuru chokuita zoonotic zvirwere. Panyaya iyi, chikuru basa epidemiology nderokuziva zvose zvingakonzera manyuko uye nzira hutachiwana.

Modes zviri kufamba

Kune akawanda hutachiwana zvigadziriswe. Fecal-zvokuudzwa hunhu intestinal zvirwere zvose. Pfini tupukanana vari azere pachituru kana mumarutsi iri muviri utano voparadzwa nemvura kana kuonana-mhuri nzira. Izvi zvinoitika kana panobva chirwere (munhu anorwara) murombo maoko avo pashure kuchimbuzi.

Respiratoria kana kuenda neherikoputa unoshanda zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi kuti kukanganisa kufema turakiti. Kutapurirana tusingaoneki kunoitika kuburikidza sneezing kana vangakosora uninfected pedo zvinhu.

Transmissible kunosanganisira nokupfuuridzirwa chirwere kuburikidza neropa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mutakuri ikaruma, semuenzaniso inda, nezvikwekwe, marariya mosquito, inda. Kutamiswa kuonana utachiona kuti iri ganda kana mucous membranes. Vanopinda muviri kuburikidza Maronda ari mumuviri kana neVadzidzi murwere.

Pabonde venereal zvirwere kunyanya kazhinji zvakananga pabonde kuonana. Vertical hutachiwana mashandiro ndiye chirwere ari mudumbu amai pavanenge vakazvitakura.

Specificity kuti hutachiwana

Nokuti mumwe mhando zvigare dzinoratidzwa mashandiro naro nemavhairasi kana utachiona kupinda hondo muviri. Kazhinji, akawanda zvigadziriswe akadaro, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemhoteredzo kungawedzera dzimwe nguva kutapurirwa tupukanana.

Panguva iyoyowo nenzira chinokodzera imwe utachiona, hazvina inosimudzira kuchinjwa nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, vamiririri vakawanda kufema zvirwere zvakakwana simba mune gastric muto. Kamwe ari nemudumbu, varege kufa uye regai kukonzera chirwere.

Vamwe zvigadziriswe anokuvadza tupukanana kupinda muviri anogona nekusiyana, mhanyisa kukura chirwere. Saka, ingress causative nomumiririri njovhera iri muropa pachishandiswa yakasviba zvokurapa tsono kunokonzera matambudziko. The chirwere kunoitika zvakawanda kuzviita.

mhedziso

Chirwere kunosanganisira utachiona pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri uye kukura pakatanga kupinda izvozvo pathogenic zvipenyu. Chirwere kunogona zvose vanhu nemhuka. The chikuru hutachiwana mashandiro ari mbambo, pabonde, kuenda neherikoputa, faecal-nemumuromo, wehunyambiri nzira.

Panobva chirwere - ezvinhu zvakanaka nokuda maberekero uye kupararira kwoutachiona. Dzakakodzera ezvinhu kazhinji vanhu nemhuka. Kwezvakatipoteredza, sezvinoita mutemo, anoita somunhu murevereri.

Kazhinji asingadi nhaka zvinhu upenyu pathogenic uye conditionally pathogenic tusingaoneki. Mazhinji Kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti kutsakatika kwavo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, utachiona hunogona kuramba muvhu, mvura, jecha kubva pasi kusvikira akawanda emakore.