Zvomudumbu maitiro: nerevane mamiriro

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba womunhu muviri - wayo zvomudumbu hurongwa nhengo. Kubatana uku aronga uye akarongeka hunhu, saka kuti muridzi wayo akakwanisa tora zvokudya ukapisa zvose zvikuru zvinodiwa kuti kwomuzvarirwo upenyu. Uye panguva imwe chete ari zvomudumbu ino anoshanda "mashiripiti" zvigadziriswe yakadaro, urwo rwakatiponesa kubva zvirwere, detoxify chepfu, uye kunyange achititadzisa synthesize mavhitaminzi anokosha. Akapiwa kukosha kunzwisisa ichi nhengo, zvakakodzera kutarisira.

Funga chii zvomudumbu yezvinhu, mashandiro ari zvomudumbu ezvinhu , zvakare, regai kusiya vasina akavatarisa. Uchadzidzawo pane chokwadi kuitwa kuti gastrointestinal chirwere.

Izvo miviri vari chikamu zvomudumbu ezvinhu?

The zvomudumbu hurongwa ine zvinotevera nevaari uye madhipatimendi:

• muromo wayo nhengo mate mumasero;
• huro;
• nzvimbo yegurokuro;
• dumbu;
• zviduku ura;
• chiropa;
• rwatata.

Next, isu funga marongerwo uye kushanda zvomudumbu hurongwa. The tafura pazasi anopa muchidimbu pamusoro constituent zvikamu nemudumbu.

Kana kutarira nemamiriro nhengo wegadziriro, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti zvomudumbu turakiti iri kumicheto kureba 7-9 metres. Vamwe mikuru mumasero dziri kunze negadziriro masvingo uye vane shoko rake.

The peculiarity pamusoro yakatarwa iyi nhengo kuti ukapisa murwi zviduku. Turakiti racho rinoenderera muromo kusvika horo kusvika 900 cm asi ivo mumuviri kukodzera kukwanisa kubatsira tsandanyama ari zvomudumbu nzira kuti paumbwe muzvishwe Bends. Zvisinei, basa redu - kwete chete nyora nhengo yacho zvomudumbu hurongwa. Hatina kunyatsoongorora akaongororwa kwemasayendisiti zvose kuitika nerimwe nemudumbu.

Tikwanise GI Zano basa

Oral mhango, pharynx uye yegurokuro zviri chaizvoizvo neizvi mirayiridzo.

Zvino ngatimbokurukurei zvishoma kutevedzana endima zvokudya achishandisa zvomudumbu hurongwa. Nutrient zvinoriumba anopinda muviri achishandisa muromo yokutanga. Uyezve, mukanyiwa vanofanira kuva huro, izvo piringisha iri zvomudumbu turakiti uye kufema hurongwa. Pashure kadhi iri rwunotumirwa bolus pasi yegurokuro. Rikamunya muchindwi uye yakakanyiwa nemate, zvokudya anopinda mudumbu. Zviremera yokupedzisira chidimbu kubva yegurokuro iri munzvimbo abdominal nzvimbo: dumbu, bofu duku, muura zvikamu ura, uye kenza: nerwatata.

The chiuno ndiyo yakarurama ura. Zvokudya mudumbu mhango zvakasiyana nguva zvichienderana norudzi zvigadzirwa, asi asingaiti kusapfuudza kupiwa nguva anoverengeka maawa. Panguva ino, vanonzi dzinounzwa mumuviri mhango pakati ari gastric muto. Food anova emura, vaiitawo kunoitika uye digesting nayo. Kufambira mberi, mukanyiwa anopinda diki ura. Pano nebasa makemikari anopa mberi pokufa muviri zvinhu kupinda nyore yeimwe vari kunyura pasina kuoma kupinda muropa uye node.

Uyezve residual uremu kubvongodzwa huru ura, uko Absorção de Água nemvura paumbwe chetsoka. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri zvinhu zvisina ozeyewa uye haagoni nyura kupinda ropa uye node. Ivo vanobviswa uye kwokunze ezvinhu achishandisa horo.

Chii mate kwevanhu?

On dzaiita zvokutaurwa mucosa, unotanga kutevedzana endima zvokudya achishandisa zvomudumbu hurongwa, pane zvikuru nezviduku mate mumasero. Large vaya vari pedyo nenzeve, pasi shaya pasi rurimi. Okupedzisira marudzi maviri mate mumasero vabereke zvakavhenganiswa chakavanzika: ivo secrete mate kana mvura. Omumuviri pedo nzeve kubereka madzihwa chete. Salivation inogona kunyatsonanga zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, pakushandisa ndimu muto anogona kumira kusvika 7.5 Rine mamiririta paminiti.

Most mate ndiyo mvura, asi rine makemikari: amylase uye maltase. Izvi makemikari kugaya kwacho iri nenzira nemumuromo mhango: amylase anotendeuka starch kupinda maltose, riri mberi dzainamatira Shuga kubudikidza maltase. Zvokudya riri mumuromo kwenguva pfupi - hapana kupfuura mumasekonzi 20, munguva yacho starch haana nguva nyunguduka zvachose. Mate yemanyorero ane zvimwe kwazvakarerekera kana Midzanga kuita. Uyewo pane izvi mvura svikiro ine rinokosha mapuroteni lysozyme, ine bactericidal ehupfumi.

Teverai yegurokuro

zvomudumbu hurongwa anatomi pakati yegurokuro anotevera kunoda muromo nepahuro gastrointestinal nenyere. Kana iwe funga izvozvo mumaratidzirwo porusvingo, inogona kupatsanurwa pachena zvitatu akaturikidzana. MuMedhia akapiwa ndiyo mhasuru uye anogona unyana. Unhu uhwu zvinoita kufamba zvokudya kubva pharynx kusvikira mudumbu. Esophageal musculature unobereka undulated maronda kuti vawedzere kubva pamusoro muviri wayo wose refu. Nokufamba pakati bolus achitevedza chubhu Inlet kune Huro sphincter mudumbu.

tsandanyama Izvi anochengeta chikafu mudumbu uye chinonditadzisa nayo kufamba negwara kubva. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nokuvhara sphincter simba uye ozeyewa vakawanda vanogona atemwa kupinda yegurokuro. Reflux kunoitika, munhu anonzwa chirungurira.

Dumbu uye zvomudumbu zvakavanzika

Tichidzidza hurongwa zvomudumbu hurongwa. Over yegurokuro inofanira mudumbu. Localization iye - kuruboshwe yokumusoro quadrant ari epigastric nharaunda. muviri ichi - kwete kuti mumwe, sezvo zvakawedzerwa zvomudumbu turakiti pamwe muscled rusvingo.

The chimiro uye kukura mudumbu iri zvakananga hunotsigirwa mariri. Blank muviri ane kureba masendimita 20, daro pakati pamasvingo -. 7-8 masendimita Kana mudumbu kuzadza mwero, kureba kwayo uchava pamusoro 25 cm uye upamhi -. 12 masendimita Kukwanisa mumuviri uye dzingasiyana zvichienderana dhigirii pakuzara uye It zvichisiyana 1.5 litres kusvika 4 litres. Kana munhu Inomedza, tsandanyama mudumbu relaxes, uye izvi rinovapo kusvikira pakuguma kudya. Asi kunyange kana kudya yapera, mudumbu tsandanyama vachingotya basa. The zvokudya pasi, pane zvayo zvemaziso uye makemikari kubudiswa kubudikidza tsandanyama kufamba. Kuzeyewa chikafu kunoita kuti ura duku.

Inside mudumbu iri mudungwe ane mucous Kamudzira ane muzvizhinji pamusoro pleats, izvo riri kweprostate. basa ravo - kuti govera yakawanda sezvingabvira Inosanganisa facial. dumbu masero kubereka makemikari, hydrochloric asidhi uye mucoid secretion. Bolus akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya zvose izvi zvinhu zviri pasi uye zvakasiyana. Tsandanyama, makaita, kusimudzira kugaya.

Ndeipi gastric muto?

Gastric muto chinhu Hauoneki mvura ane iine acid maitiro, rinotsanangura kuvapo hydrochloric acid. Kune mapoka makuru matatu makemikari:

• runovharidzira mamwe (kunyanya pepsin) kuti uchanamatira kune mapuroteni ose polypeptide mamorekuru;
• lipase kuita pamusoro mafuta mamorekuru, vachichinja vave nuna asidhi uye glycerol (mudumbu chete wakanamatira emulsified mafuta mukaka);
• mate amylases mberi basa cleavage kunzwisisa carbohydrate kuti nyore shuga (sezvinoita bolus zvizere akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya acidic gastric muto, amylolytic makemikari zviri inactivated).

Hydrochloric asidhi chinhu chinokosha chaizvo chinhu pamusoro zvomudumbu secretions, sezvo kuupenyu vanoshingaira enzayemu pepsin, kugadzirira cleavage mapuroteni mamorekuru, curdled mukaka uye anobvisa tusingaoneki zvose. gastric kusunungurwa kunoitika kunonyanya panguva kudya uye rinovapo kwemaawa 4-6. Total pazuva kupiwa mvura asunungurwa kuti 2.5 litres.

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti nhamba uye Zvinoumba gastric muto kunoenderana unhu huri kuuya nezvokudya. Nhamba huru muchivande rinomirira kugaya kwemapurotini, duku - iri Absorção de Água murume mafuta vachidya. In hwakanaka muviri gastric muto rine kumbonyanya yakawanda hydrochloric acid, kuti ph anoda kubva 1.5-1.8.

Small ura

Pamunenge muchikurukura chii miviri vari chikamu zvomudumbu ezvinhu, imwe chinhu kudzidza - duku ura. Izvi kugaya hurongwa akaparadzaniswa anobva kubva gastric pylorus uye ane zvachose kureba 6 mamita. Zvinonzi muzvikamu akawanda:

• 12 duodenum ndiyo uye kwakakura kupesana uye kureba masendimita anenge 30;
• dzakaondoroka ura dzinoratidzwa kuderera pamusoro lumen uye kureba 2.5 M;
• ileum ndicho rakamanikana chikamu kadhi mutete, kureba kwarwo 3.5 m.

The duku ura riri mune abdominal mhango dziri zvishwe. Nechemberi kwayo akafuka omentum uye laterally zvishoma gobvu zvomudumbu turakiti. Zvaiitwa ura duku - kuenderera mberi nemakemikari yenhengo zvokudya, ayo vaiitawo uye zvivabatsire kune gobvu dhipatimendi.

Rusvingo muviri ane hwezuva chivako zvinoriumba dzose zvomudumbu turakiti uye ine inotevera zvinhu:

• mucous rukoko;
• submucosal rinenge pamwe accumulations tsinga, mumasero, node nemidziyo ropa;
• Tsandanyama rinenge randinogara ane longitudinal kwokunze uye nechomukati dzeraundi akaturikidzana uye vanoda therebetween paiva connective zvinyama nemidziyo ropa uye tsinga (tsandanyama rukoko vanechokuita nokusanganisa uye kutamira achitevedza ozeyewa zvokudya hurongwa);
• serosa ndiye kumeso uye moisturized, rinovatadzisa kukweshera pakati pezvitunha pachavo.

Zvakakurukurwa kugaya ari ura diki

Mumasero zvinosanganisirei intestinal zvinyama mamiriro yoga chakavanzika. Inochengetedza mucosa pakukuvara uye basa zvomudumbu makemikari. Mucous zvinyama anoumba munhu muzvizhinji pamusoro pleats omnidirectional, uye ichi inowedzera kubvisa nzvimbo. Kuwanda date masangano zvinoderedza akananga guru ura. Kubva mukati mucosa duku ura villi uye mipata kuzhinji kuti rubatsiro kugaya.

The 12- Chikamu Midzanga unosvikirwa pamwe nokurova asi zvinoderedza ari ph mudumbu mukati. Rwatata mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka ane munzvimbo ino, uye chakavanzika alkalizes ayo bolus, ramakagadzwa saka yava kwazvakarerekera. Saka, gastric makemikari zviri inactivated.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro zvomudumbu mumasero

Zvomudumbu Hurongwa ane mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Rwatata secretes ane muto kudya murume uye nhamba yake kunotsamira chikafu sezvamunoita. Protein Kudya zvinoita secretion avakuru uye mafuta kuti vanetsane. Total pazuva rwatata unobereka 2,5 litres kuti muto.

Uyewo ari ura duku nayo allocates chakavanzika gallbladder kwayo. Mushure maminitsi kubvira kutanga kudya 5 chete nayo anotanga vanoshingaira kubereka bile, iyo zvaanopa simba zvose makemikari ose intestinal muto. chakavanzika ichi ndiyo anosimbisawo zvomudumbu turakiti injini basa, unokura vaiitawo uye kufamba zvokudya. The 12- dhipatimendi kugaya pamusoro hafu Mishonga mapuroteni uye shuga, uyewo chikamu chiduku mafuta. Munguva duku ura enzymatic manyowa pane makemikari yeimwe kunopfuurira, asi zvishoma kuzviita uye parietal koshesa Absorção de Água hunhu. The kupfuura kuzviita muitiro uyu rinowanika pashure maawa 1-2 mushure kudya. Kwazvo chokupika akafanana nhanho mudumbu.

ura Large - chokupedzisira kugaya chiteshi

Ndiwo magumo mugove nemudumbu, kureba kwayo inenge 2 m. Mazita zvomudumbu ino nhoroondo dzavo anatomical features, uye zvine musoro kuti weboka iri rine soro lumen. Upamhi muura ipfupi kubva 7 kusvika 4 masendimita panguva achiburuka muura dhipatimendi. Munharaunda iyi zvinotevera zvikamu secrete zvomudumbu turakiti:

• cecum, okuwedzera ndine, kana okuwedzera;
• akwira muura akatsaurwa;
• transverse muura;
• uchiburuka muura mugove;
• sigmoid muura;
• yakananga dhipatimendi, tichipedzisira horo.

Kuzeyewa zvokudya anopinda kubva ura duku huru kuburikidza buri diki iri muchimiro mutswe papi yakatambarara. Kune mhando sphincter vharafu ine muromo iyo chinonditadzisa kadhi iri ingress kugutsikana bofu negwara.

Zvii pezvakaitwa kutora nzvimbo huru ura?

Kana wose basa kugaya zvinotora pakati mumwe uye nhatu maawa dzakawanda dzinounzwa kugara bundu iri muura. Kunoita kuwanda kugutsikana kubvisa Implementation kuti zvakakodzera zvinhu uye mvura, uchifamba munzira, paumbwe uye kubviswa mutsvina yadzo. Vasiri ndeyokuva ari kudya zvokudya ozeyewa huru ura pashure pemaawa 3-3.5 pashure zvokudya. Dhipatimendi iri yazara masikati, achiteverwa rakwo Kuburitswa mu maawa 48-72.

Munguva muura pane Absorção de Água kuti shuga, amino acids, mavhitaminzi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoberekwa utachiona muDhipatimendi ichi, uye ruzhinji (95%) emvura uye electrolytes siyana.

Vagari nemudumbu

Anenge zvose nhengo uye zvikamu zvomudumbu mamiriro inogarwa tusingaoneki. Chete mudumbu ane hama kusabereka (kutsanya) nokuda imwe acidic ezvinhu. Nhamba huru utachiona ari muura ndiyo - kusvika 10 bhiriyoni / 1 g mutsvina yadzo. Normal microflora guru GI akadana eubioz uye inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwevanhu:

• kunodzivisa kukura pathogenic zvigare;
• kwetunhu mavhitaminzi B uye K, makemikari, hormone nezvimwe zvinhu kubatsira murume;
• anotsemura cellulose, hemicellulose uye pectins.

The nouwandu rimwe microflora mumwe munhu kunoshamisa uye inodzorwa nevanhu zvokunze uye dzimwe zvinhu.

Chengetedza utano hwako!

Kungofanana chikamu muviri womunhu, zvomudumbu maitiro angave kubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Ivo zvinowanzobatanidzwa nokurova kubva kunze utachiona. Zvisinei, kana munhu ane utano hwakanaka uye dumbu anoshandira pasina glitch, zvose utachiona hunokuvadza vakatondeswa kuparara munzvimbo acidic ezvinhu. Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero muviri kutoitwa zvisinganzwisisiki, ipapo anenge chirwere chero zvingamuka uye kukonzera kwazvo nemigumisiro, akadai nekenza zvomudumbu hurongwa. Zvose zvinotanga diki: murombo muviri, kushaya kwavo kudya zvinonyadzisa fibrous chikafu, doro uye mafuta zvokudya, kusvuta, kushushikana, kudzikama kudya, murombo zvakatipoteredza uye dzinoodza zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma kuparadza muviri wako uye kumutsa kugadzira zvirwere.

Zvomudumbu kwava vanonyanyova rokuparadza simba kubva kunze. Saka usakanganwa zvakaitika vezvokurapa kuongororwa mukati nenguva nenzira uye kuti chiremba kana yezvikanganiso mune chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri.