Zvokudya bhiti. Seeds, kurimwa

Zvokudya bhiti - zvikuru kubatsira muriwo, kushandiswa mhuka zvokudya. The chinokosha iye nomukaka mombe, sezvo zvinoshamisa nzira kuwedzera mukaka kugadzirwa munyika mombe nembudzi.

Muchando mwaka, kana mhuka zvokudya rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva zvomumagaba uye chakaoma chikafu, bhiti midzi zvaangagutsa nokudiwa aitodada zvinhu uye mavhitaminzi. Muchirimo, kuwedzera mudzi zvirimwa inodyiwa uye hanyanisi.

Zvokudya bhiti - zvikuru kubatsira muriwo, izvo zvinosanganisira rakawanda pectin uye zvicherwa, mavhitaminzi uye carbohydrate. Uyu biennial chirimwa, nezvibereko izvo zvinogona kusvika makirogiramu 15.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

Zvokudya bhiti, pamwe dzokudyira neshuga, iri akabva bhiti dzomusango achikura North Asia uye kuFar East. Pakutanga, netsika isina rakakamurwa subspecies, uye saka paiva nomumwe chete zita - beets. Nyaya zvadzinofura marudzi sezvo yakazvimirira wokurima midzi muzana remakore rechi16 muGermany.

vanhuwo zvavo German panguva iyoyo akaona kuti kana mhou zvokudya beets, zvino anowedzera mukaka goho zvinokosha, uye mukaka pacharo anova tastier zvikuru. Ndicho iyi nguva kakawanda chokuita nechitarisiko zvirimwa zvakadai zvokudya bhiti. Nokukurumidza, kudzidza Fani iyi kuita nyanzvi. Uye kubva pakutanga muzana remakore rechi18, zvokudya bhiti Ugare nyika dzose European.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvokudya bhiti

Bhiti Midzi vanokura zvakawanda ruvara, chimiro uye mwero kunyudzwa muvhu. Zvichienderana parameters izvi zvokudya bhiti iri rakamuka-kamuka zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

1. The conical pezvakaita muriwo, mune riri pasi pasi 80% mudzi urefu (bhiti Umanskaya polusaharnaya Poltava polusaharnaya);
2. Elongate-denderedzwa chimiro muriwo, kana ivhu 50-70% yayo urefu (weNobel);
3. Vegetable cylindrical chimiro apo pevhu neeSultan kubva 25 kusvika 40% of urefu (Ekkendorskaya tsvuku beets, Poltava chena);
4. The woita pezvakaita muriwo, muya mudzi uri pamusoro pemvura.

The simba uye nani dzakabudirira rakakwirira chikamu mudzi, zvikuru nyore miriwo kushivirira kwemvura. Inonyanya kufarirwa akasiyana zvokudya bhiti: Ekkendorfskaya tsvuku Tsentaur Poly, Oberndorfskaya tsvuku.

Zvinoumba kutenderera

In zvokudya chirimwa rotations yakanakisisa vamutangira zvokudya bhiti uswa-legume musanganiswa silage chibage, manwiwa. In munda chirimwa rotations nayo yakarumbidza yekudyara beets panzvimbo kare dzichengeterwe negore bhinzi rekushongedzesa, mutsara zvirimwa uye muchando bota.

Sezvo tsika inoratidza zvakanakisisa zvirimwa zvokudya bhiti avapo apo panzvimbo tsika mugore rapera vakanga riri rye, gorosi, pizi, chibage uye miriwo. Zvokudya bhiti haafaniri kuiswa pashure siyana perennial miriwo. Dzokera tsika kusango nenguva imwe yapfuura kutendera yapfuura pane 3 years.

pakuwana mbeu

Beetroot ndomumwe wevaya miti mbeu kunogona kuwanikwa hapana kwokutanga kupfuura 2nd gore kurimwa. Mugore rokutanga gore anoumba misoro uye midzi, uye gore rakatevera apo kudyara miriwo kunogona kuwanikwa akakodzera kurima mbeu zvokudya bhiti.

Zvakakosha kuti midzi, iyo achaenda mbeu, vakanga vakashinga uye utano. Kana bhiti hunde anotanga aome, miriwo akachera ipapo chakarembera yakaoma maigara nzvimbo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, beets zvinofanira kuchengetwa kusvikira panguva kusvikira kwedzinde pamusoro chirimwa yaoma. Pashure paizvozvo, mbeu vanofanira kuva kuvabira uye pakupedzisira yaoma mune pepa bhegi diki.

ivhu gadziriro

Kurimwa zvokudya bhiti - zvichiitika chaizvo kunzwisisa, izvo zvinoda mumwe ruzivo uye unyanzvi. Saka, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kurima miriwo iri jecha, nomumachakwi nevhu nevhu haazorambi migumisiro yakanaka. Nokuti kukura pamudzi zvirimwa uyewo kukodzera matombo ivhu.

Zvakanaka kuti munhu chirimwa kuti zvokudya bhiti zvakanaka kuonekwa nyika ine zvakaneta acidic, divi uye pasi, zvakaneta. Zvakanakisa, miriwo ichi wakasimwa rwizi munzvimbo uye mupfumi dema pasi.

Chirimwa iri kuda chaizvo kuti kubereka dzenyika, uye naizvozvo haangagoni kuita pasina ivhu kuvandudzika. Chete chete nenguva kunhaka rokugadzirira nyika vangatarisira kuva ushamwari awo. Saka, zvokudya bhiti, kurima riri zvaizivikanwa varimi vazhinji, panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa yokudyara anofanira kugadzirira pasi.

Unofanira kubvisa weedy nyika uye kusunungura kuti pre-kugadzira. Kubva zvakapwanyika dicotyledonous Annual (Quinoa, huku mapfunde Amaranth) uye nechipo masora kuchabatsira kubvisa nzira Bvisai sora. Release chikamu Perennial plants zvakadai pamubhedha uswa kana parukato, achishandisa pakupunzika kubudiswa sora chichiitwa (Roundup, borax, Hurricane).

kuberekesa

Under kuchera mumatsutso kuitwa musi nzvimbo yaibva mufudze kana makemikari fetiraiza pa mwero matani 35 pa 1 Ha. Excellent fetiraiza anoita se dota, riri vanobhadharwa uwandu 5 quintals muzana 1 hectare.

Asati pakudyara, kurima zvakafanira nzvimbo pakatanga NPK. Uyewo, tsika anofanira phosphate uye potashi fetiraiza. Pashure zvose kutyora ivhu inofanira kufukurwa, akanaka lumpy uye zvishoma nyorova.

Planting zvokudya bhiti

Zvinomera Nguva zvokudya bhiti zvichisiyana 125 kusvika 150 mazuva, kutanga saka kudyara muchirimo tsika, vane okupedzisira March uye kusvikira mid-April. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kudyara miriwo ichi apo ivhu ari kudzika masendimita 12 kudziyirwa kusvika 5-7 inegumi.

Pausiku yekudyara mbeu inofanira kubatwa chete disinfectant. Somuenzaniso, vanogona ichengeterwe kweawa imwe zvine mhinduro kubva manganese. Kuti vabudirire zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri arambe achirema kuti mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kuchabatsira mberi kurapwa kwavo kukura muviri. Zvakakosha Haazombokanganwi kuti mbeu pashure nemadhaka kurapa vanoda zvishoma chakaoma.

On the akagadzirira nzvimbo kunodiwa kuti grooves pamwe dzezvimwe pakati mitsara vanenge 60 cm. Dyara tsika kunofanira kuva kudzika 3 masendimita por mita uye avhareji awire mbeu 14-15 (pa pasi ruka vachada anenge 150 g mbeu).

Mibhedha vanofanira kusasa pasi uye kumirira wokutanga seedling. Kana pasi pakaoma, hazvina handifaniri kuti ayo mvere chinotenderera chisimbiso. Izvi zvakakodzera kudzivirira mwando kubva pakadzika akaturikidzana vaigona kubata pedyo pemvura. At tembiricha 8 madhigirii ari mabukira pakati pashure pemazuva 12 kana kuti tembiricha iri epamusoro kupfuura 15 - kare pashure 4 Mazuva.

kuchengetwa Features

Zvokudya bhiti kurimwa ndiko - unyanzvi, nomwedzi wokutanga pashure chidzoke iri kukura zvisanduke. Zvikuru munyika iyi ine rive dete muitiro, izvo zvinofanira kuitwa shure regrowth shomanana mashizha wechokwadi. Saka, muzana mita inofanira riri hapana anopfuura 5 kwoutachiona, daro pakati iyo - zvinenge 25 cm.

Panguva imwe chete kudiridzirwa yakarumbidza inosimbisa inomera Ammonium nitrate, Achivakira pachayo anotevera kukura: 12 g pa 1 mita. Pashure 2 weeks, vanofanira kuchengeta imwe fetiraiza chicherwa fetiraiza.

Beetroot zvokudya zvakakwana unyoro-rudo, saka kuri pachimedu ane zvakananga kukanganisa kukosha zvichiitika nemidzi uye, naizvozvo, rose indekisi goho. Asi panguva imwe chete kuti mwedzi pamberi kutarisirwa gore mukutanga kukohwa Urume anoda zvinoshamisa akaderedzwa, nokuti kuti miriwo atanga kuunganidza zvinhu zvakaoma.

Uyezve, mudzi zvirimwa vanowanzotambura nemasora, uye nokuda simba kusvibiswa vasingawanzotauri kuwana kubva 30 kusvika 80% of chirimwa. Uye nekuti nguva Kusakura pakati pemitsara - kiyi vabudirire kurima zvokudya bhiti.

kukohwa

Mukupera zhizha - mangwanani kwematsutso zvokudya bhiti haizorambi kuumba mashizha matsva, apo vakura vari zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga kutendeuka yero, uye ipapo kufa. Mudzi chirimwa kukura kuri akadzivirwa, uye nguva ino kupinda kunyanyisa mwando anokwanisa chete achiipa zvakabikwa unhu muriwo. Zvokudya bhiti, mapikicha ayo saka kwazvo kuita varimi, nokudaro rokutora migumisiro basa ravo, zvakabviswa seedbeds pakutanga kwaOctober, kutangira chando. Kukohwa zvishoma zvibereko kukoromora nefoshoro kana neforogo. For yakareba okuchengetera zvinangwa zvokudya bhiti zvokune nokuomerera pasi uye misoro uye zvakachengetwa kupikidura Makomba kana wedzimba ari tembiricha 3 kusvika 5 inegumi. Kuziva kwete chete kuti, zvinoita sokunge zvokudya bhiti, asiwo sei kukura zvinobudirira kukohwa muriwo ichi, chero murimi anogona kuita reserves kunoshamisa zvokudya chando. Mukuwedzera, muna kuchitonhora mwaka, tsika iyi inokosha uye anobatsira achanunura mhuka mufaro.