5G rwomumbure: zvayakaita, rondedzero uye nokukurumidza. runotevera Network 5G

5G, rinotevera-chizvarwa kukurukurirana mureza, achatsigira Internet Zvinhu, mota akazochena uye nezvimwewo.

The idzva Mobile mureza kuchabviswa kwokutanga pane 2020, asi kuMudzidzisi nokurondedzerwa dzinokudziridzwa chipatapata, uye zvinova pachena kuti mutemo 5G achava yakasiyana 4G. Tiri kutaura kuwedzera kumhanya mashoko mukutsinhana maserura uye mahwendefa, uye nokuwanda dzimwe mhinduro, imwe neimwe ine pachake zvinodiwa ayo.

Zvakafanotaurwa Ericsson

Sezvo 5G zvemichina zvinoshanda uye nei zvichidikanwa, kana super-kutsanya Mobile Internet yave zviripo ikozvino?

Maererano Ericsson kambani, ramangwana wakatodzana.

Unmanned uye kunofambidzana mambure motokari achaita kutaura nemumwe. Kana tsaona yemotokari, ari pedyo panzvimbo, zvichaita audze michina zvose, vakatasva pashure pake. Izvi zvichaita kuvatendera kuti mberi yakaderera akurumidze kana, mune nyaya kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, ngaaverenge itsva nzira.

motokari sensors zvichava zvakarurama kuyera mamiriro ekunze uye kutumira mashoko pamusoro pomumbure 5G kuti kuronga zvakanaka nzira motokari motokari.

Munzvimbo mabhazi 5G samambure kuchaita-chaicho nguva Tracking mukuwanda kumirira vanhu panguva zvemabhazi. Mutyairi webhazi kuchaita uchisuwa chemabhazi pasina vatakurwi, uye dispatcher achaita zvimwe motokari vatungamirire dzavo nzvimbo kuwanda.

Munguva yose 5G musha zvemagetsi zvichabviswa zvakabatana. Kana yapfuura kuchinja kubva nzvimbo imwe zvaifanira kubva inotakurika mudziyo mberi Somuenzaniso, kuteerera kwako kufarira yeredhiyo, zvino vakurukuri dzakasiyana mudzimba dzenyu zvichaparidzwa dzitaure nemumwe uye Kuteerera mberi akambomiswa nzvimbo. Uyezve, zvichiita kuti kuongorora simba kudyiwa mudziyo mumwe nomumwe, kana kuti uzive kuti magetsi zvakawanda zvinoberekwa kwezuva aenzana.

5G samambure achachinja zvashata mabasa, ichipa hwakavimbika kukurukurirana yenjodzi ezvinhu uye akasarudza chezvinonhuwira mapurisa uye zvashata mashoko. A moto nengowani pamwe makamera kuchaita kutepfenyurwa mufananidzo murayiro uye vanobatsirwa mune akaoma kununurwa kwacho.

5G-Michina

Kare zvaibvira kuronga dzakawanda, asi kusarudzwa ruzivo dzavo kushanda mberi.

Pakati pavo:

• Ultra-soro kakawanda, ari kubudirira icho kare zvaiita sezvisingaiti, zvinopa kukuru nokukurumidza;
• dzichiri hurongwa, kutumira mashoko pamwe duku zvikamu, achawedzera basa Internet zvinhu mano kwemakore akawanda;
• kuderedza latency nokuti mafomu zvinoda pakarepo mhinduro.

5G-Network: nokukurumidza

5G Yekuongorora of Zvakawanikwa mureza mwero tichienzanisa yapfuura zvakawanda. Ericsson kwakaita vakakwanisa kuzadzisa ikure ka50 - kusvika 5 Gbit / s. Samsung yakasiyiwa mufananidzo 7.5 Gbit / s Mureza pamwe mudanga 1,2 Gbit / s ari zvinofamba motokari panguva kumhanya. Partnership "EU - China" 5G ari kuenda kuwedzera mwero ka100. NTT DoCoMo, munhu Japanese pafoni opareta, pachiimbwa Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson makambani, Samsung uye Nokia ari kuedza kusvika 10 Gbit / s. Asi masayendisiti kubva University of Vancouver anoratidza munhu kumhanya 1 Tbit / s. Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvakawanda kuchawedzera chiuru nguva kumhanya Mobile network mumakore akatevera 10 makore.

The kukura zvazvingava zvinoda nani antennas uye zvokushandisa, uyewo pakupararira chakarondedzera frequencies. Mune US, chirongwa kuparadzira zvekuvaka vakatotanga.

Internet zvinhu

With kuderera mari unobatanidza zvakawanda namano kuwana Wi-Fi. Pfungwa tichibatanidza foni, kofi uye washing machine, pamahedhifoni, magetsi uye zvose mugomba chete rezvebonde yainzi Internet Zvinhu. Pakazosvika 2020, zvinoita Zvinotarisirwa kuti nyika ichava anopfuura mabhiriyoni 26 namano izvi. A dzinoverengeka kwokubatana achava yakatokura.

Kukwanisa kwezvinhu "vanonzwa" tichibatsirwa sensors uye ari kure zvandakatonga mirayiro achawana kushanda mumaguta kuronga, mabikirwo "akangwara" musha, kupisa uye magetsi masimba enyika, kuchengeteka, utano zvichiongororwa, mabhazi, retailing.

Internet Zvinhu zvinoda duku-connection speed, asi kuti vakawanda namano. Nechekare pane akazvitsaurira network vachishandisa rakamanikana kakawanda siyana, uye chiero 5G Developers vanoda kupinda izvi.

Nokudaro, foni pomumbure vachafanira kutsigira kwete chete Mobile vanoshandisa, asiwo "akangwara" zvinhu. Management zvichishandiswa heterogeneous motokari rinotarisirwa kuuya kubatsira mureza itsva.

nonotsa

Zviri pachena, rudzi runotevera pomumbure achatsigira 5G zvemichina unmanned motokari uye mafomu ose augmented chokwadi. Panyaya iyi, mashoko anofanira kuwanikwa munguva chaiyo. Handover nguva 4G network, vanopfuura 10 MS, izvo chaizvo. The ramangwana mureza angachinja zvachose nemambure mavakirwo pamwe kutamira kuchengetera nzvimbo mashoko kubva mashoko nzvimbo kugumisa nodes, kusanganisira mano "akangwara".

Kufambira motokari Somuenzaniso, zvinoda mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo pedyo zvifambiso. Huripo network aibuda umboo kuti motokari nhatu kare asingakwanisi kurarama. The guru pokumbononotswa date kuchinjirwa vanoda kugovera mashoko womunharaunda.

Zvinofungirwa kuti Kugamuchira inotevera chizvarwa network zvichabviswa maximized. Kunonoka date yedzimudzangara haangavi kupfuudza 1 MS, kunyange apo chinouraya velocity 500 km / h. latency ichi chikuru kutyaira chakaita pakusikwa michina mitsva, dzakadai kurapa motokari guta motokari uye kuvhiyiwa kure.

kusvika tenderano

Kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane tsanangudzo kuwanda yemakambani ruzivo kwakavandudza, mabikirwo pachayo richiri kuitwa mune 2015. Zvinodikanwa kuona chii 5G ruzivo zvinokosha pakutanga, uye izvo zvichaita chinozoiswa pashure. Kunenge kuti izvi zvichaitika muna 2016.

Pasinei kushaya mitemo uye chivimbo chokutanga michina, kugadzira makambani kuedza kutungamirira kukura uye Implementation pamusoro 5G ruzivo kutora zvakanaka nzvimbo mune ramangwana.

Nokia Company muna April 2015 akazivisa kuzviwanira Alcatel-Lucent kuti mabhiriyoni 16.6 US madhora, uye US foni kambani Verizon Wireless vakazivisa kuti United States yomuzana 5G samambure achava rinowanika 2016.

kutanga zviratidzo

Kune nechekare 5G-Network prototypes. First 5G-Network raparurwa muSouth Korea. The kambani SK Telecom akatanga zvigadzirwa zvitsva pamukova pakutsvakurudza centre, chichakurukurwa paaivatambudza kwayo kukura. Uye kune XXIII Olympic Winter Games muna 2018 mu South Korea, kambani anoronga kuvaka 5G samambure munyika.

NTT DoCoMo uyewo anoronga vomurova 5G-samambure kuJapan kuti Summer yeOlympic muTokyo muna 2020.

5G samambure pamusoro US

5G mureza sezvo zvapfuura mitemo, anovandudza 3GPP rakapiwa uye mvumo Itu, iye, International Telecommunication Union. Havadi kumira parutivi uye vagadziri. Muna October 2015, vamwe Regional mapoka dzakabvumirana kusangana mwedzi mitanhatu ose kugadzirisa rwakafanana nechinzvimbo pamusoro 5G zvinodiwa.

chibvumirano kwakadaro yakanga yakasvika muna September 2015 pakati EU uye China. Ericsson uye TeliaSonera vakabvumirana pamusoro inokosha kudyidzana kuitira kuti vatengi kuti Mobile opareta muna Tallinn uye Stockholm, kuwana 5G samambure muna 2018

Uye vakasvimha akasiyiwa kumirira 5G-zvakarukwa pakuparurwa muRussia. MTS uye Ericsson dzakasaina chibvumirano kuti vashande pamwe panyaya imwe rechishanu-chizvarwa michina, izvo zvichaguma pabvunzo wokutanga 5G-samambure muRussia panguva World Cup muna 2018, makore maviri adarika kupfuura 5G-zvakarukwa wokuJapan. Kuti izvi zvidaro, muna 2016, zvichava chinozoiswa LTE-U nezvacho LTE kushandiswa 5 GHz, kushandiswa kubatanidza mapindiro pfungwa Wi-Fi. Uyewo, mabikirwo Ericsson dzakaonda Carrier vachaedzwa, iro anoronga kugovera motokari uye kuderedza Inter-sero chipingaidzo, ichiwedzera kuchinjwa kumhanya uye nhau, kubatsira mukuronga pamusoro pemambure.

Sezvaunogona kuona, nyika dzinobvumirana kuti pamwe mumunda uyu. All, pamwe Kusara United States vakajaira kugara aitungamirira chinzvimbo mune zvose.

4,5G anogadzirira ramangwana

Qualcomm akaita pfungwa 4,5G LTE Advanced Pro ano, pakatanga iyo vakaronga kuti mana akatevera. Nemhaka iyi kambani achakwanisa kutsigira kwazvo zvakawanda frequencies zvinodiwa kuti 5G mureza uye kare muAtlantic LTE network, izvo kuchaderedza latency uye kuwedzera throughput.

Zvakakurukurwa rwomumbure wakarukwa;

• High throughput Nekubatanidza kakawanda spectra;
• rutsigiro 32 dzaishandisa panguva uye kuwedzera throughput Nekubatanidza kakawanda uye kuparadzirwa samambure motokari pakati dzaishandisa;
• 10-nedanga zvinoderedza kunonoka tichienzanisa LTE Advanced vachishandisa huripo shongwe uye frequencies kubva 1 MS 70 MS;
• kushandisa kukurukurirana zvekuvaka kuuya mutsetse nezvinodiwa ichibviswa;
• kuwedzera uwandu antennas ari mujinga dzemapurisa kuwedzera kugona uye mishumo chiratidzo;
• IoT-uvandudze simba zveruponiso mano kuderedza kuwanda kusvika 1,4 MHz uye 180 kHz (kusvika makore 10 mumwe chete bhatiri);
• 1 Gbit / s kuti kupanana ruzivo pakati motokari, munofamba nevanhu uye IoT-mano;
• kushanda pakuvheneka zvakatipoteredza pasina kutendeukira musi Wi-Fi kana GPS pamusoro foni.

kwesayenzi ematongerwo

Muna Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications muBerlin vakaperekedza kuedza vane frequencies pamusoro 40-100 GHz, kuti Samsung anoshandisa iri kuedza vake kakawanda GHz 28, uye Nokia - zvinopfuura 70 GHz.

Basa mano ari millimeter waveband ane zvakadai zvakakurumbira sezvo zvikuru murombo kuparadzira chiratidzo, simba iro substantially shoma kuwedzera kure kubva nechepasi chechitima. Uyezve, chiratidzo chipingaidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa kunyange munhu muviri.

Solution - MIMO

Goho ndiko kushanda MIMO technology (Multiple Inzwa Zvinotaurwa Multiple Output), apo chituma nokugamuchira zviratidzo zvinoverengeka panguva imwe chete. Zvino rinoshandiswa LTE uye WLAN. Nokuti mukuru frequencies vaishandisa Kwakakura MIMO - Optimization michina kugamuchirwa kana foni iri dzichengeterwe hwakawanda antennas diki navamazana - iri wokutepfenyurisa.

Mugadziri SkyCross antennas akasika MIMO 4x4 hurongwa, unogona kushandisa kukura 16x10 masendimita ari chirwere. Izvi zviri wakakwirira kupfuura antennas nokuda LTE. Somuenzaniso, kukura LG G4 - 15x7,6 cm Samsung Galaxy S6 - 14x7 cm uye Apple iPhone 6 Plus ndiye - 16h7,8 kuona MIMO 4x4 hurongwa haisi itsva -. Kunze LTE-Advanced zviteshi, rinoshandiswa muna Satellite terevhizheni mugadziriro, yakaoma zvinodiwa yayo ukuru uye simba rakawanda zvichabviswa mhosva. Saka, kusikwa foni duku antennas mana ichaedza vagadziri.

Kukura inotakurika zviteshi kuchaitawo zvinoda yakawanda nesimba. Maererano mumiririri wekambani Texas Instrument, kuti kusika munhu Chip inokwanisa kuparadzira mashoko ari kumusoro frequencies kunoda kushandisa michina mitsva.

Muna 2015, basa racho kuti pave 5G-mureza akanga pamutemo ainzi IMT-2020. Chinhu tsitsi kuti vamwe vachiri vasina kuona kuguma kwacho.