6 vakawanda kwenguva refu chikwereti munhau, uyo wakaripira navo?

Nokuda yekare hondo chikwereti, kutenga rusununguko, nhoroondo chikwereti uye voruzhinji pensions vari dzimwe nguva kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo kubva pakusava akasiya dzakawanda kana kuti kunyange mazana emakore. Dzidza pamusoro dangwe uye kupfuura kujairika refu chikwereti munhau, vamwe vavo vanobhadharwa nanhasi.

British mana muzana kunyaradzana

Muna 2014, hurumende muUK akazivisa urongwa kubhadhara chikamu akare voruzhinji chikwereti, izvo rinopfuurira shure pakutanga XVIII remakore. kuchengetedzeka ava vakaramba kubva wokupedzisira nenzvimbo pakati yesangano iri mamiriro panguva Winston Churchill. The Prime Minister akabudisa ari kunyaradza pasi 4% muna 1927 kusvika refinance chikwereti zvisungo yasara mushure World War First.

Historical umambo zvikwereti

Zvisinei, inonyaradza ava yakawana zvikwereti kwete chete World War First, asiwo chikwereti, iyo England akatora pamusoro panguva iyo Crimean War, ari Napoleonic Wars, kufambisa nzara huru muIreland muna 1848 uye muripo kuti mushandire varidzi pashure kurambidzwa kwouranda. The chikwereti mukuru mu inonyaradza izvi - mumwe chepiramidhi panguva pamushandirapamwe yeSouth Seas. Zvadaro, somugumisiro mari nokutya uye kufungidzira pamusoro Stock Exchange nemari isu vakafirwa mazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Vakaurayiwa yokufungidzira ichi vaiva Isaka Nyuton uye Dzhonatan Svift.

Muna 2014, ivo Royal chanzera of Exchequer yakazivisa kuti vanenge 11.000 yokuisira pakati inonyaradza uye zvisungo zvichiri kugamuchira mubereko kubhadhara pamusoro chikwereti, uye hurumende haina kuedza kunyange kutenga shure kuchengetedzeka kwemakore 67.

Mudyandigere vechikamu of Civil War, iyo ine makore 151

Pamutemo, iri US Civil War yakaguma muna 1865, asi hafu yezana remakore gare gare, mumwe mugari wenyika ichiri anopiwa mudyandigere zvoga hondo yerusununguko uye nemhuri dzavo. Ayrin Triplett - mwanasikana Private Moza Triplett, mumwe murimi kubva North Carolina, iyo yakatanga basa iri kurutivi vaita, asi zvino wevashumiri pakati unionists. Akashanda somutariri partisan rinonzi "raiders pamusoro Kirk." Triplett musoja vakapona hondo, vakadzokera kumusha uye muna 1920 akaroora musikana aiva muduku pane ake anenge makore 50. Apo Irene akaberekwa, baba vake aiva nemakore 83. Akafa makore mashomanana gare gare. Ndianiko chizvarwa North Carolina, anogara vakwegura, atova makore 86 okuberekwa, uye iye anogamuchira pamwedzi muripo iri uwandu $ 73 basa rababa vake. Iye - wokupedzisira mwana murwi Civil War, riri pamutemo ndandanda paruzhinji mabasa. Asi Irene akanga asiri oga munhu kugamuchira kwenguva refu mudyandigere kubva mamiriro, ane nemidzi yawo XIX remakore. A vanhu vashoma vanogamuchira kubhadhara mhuri basa panguva Spanish-American War muna 1898.

yokugadzirisa German pashure World War First

Muna 1919 Hondo Yenyika I yakapera pamutemo chete kusaina of Treaty chomuVersailles, Germany haasi chete vanosungirwa kupururudza zvirongwa zvose muchiuto uye maoko kugadzirwa, asi kuti kubhadhara muchadenga Muchidimbu, neUS $ 400 billion.

Sezvo chikamu runyararo chibvumirano Germany akabvuma kukundwa uye mhosva kuchibudisa kukonana uye yakabvuma kubhadhara mabhiriyoni 132 mavanga German kuti vavengi vavo. Kukurira yakakurisa kubhadhara, hurumende German rakamanikidzwa kudhinda "chinhu" mari, vakazochinja zvakatungamirira vanoverengeka defaults hwenyika German. American bhenga akauya pamwe Zano kuunganidza mari kubhadhara chikwereti uye kuramba upfumi German yerera, asi chikwereti kuchiri zvakatungamirira urombo uye kusagadzikana.

The Second World War uye kuripwa

Izvi zvakakonzera akakurumbira Kusagutsikana kuti iyewo chamuita kuti kuuya nesimba Adolf Hitler nebato rake reNazi. Hitler akaramba kubhadhara yokugadzirisa, uye pakupedzisira vatangazve uto maindasitiri munyika. Reparation Yenyika Yokutanga kubva Germany vakaramba ari mupurigatori kusvikira 1950, apo Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) akabvuma mberi kuripwa munataisireva.

Mashomanana emakore, nyika yakanga kubhadharwa chikwereti dzakawanda, asi chikamu mubereko prices kuramba vasingabhadharwi panguva reunification chikwereti German muna 1990. The wokupedzisira kubhadhara $ mamiriyoni 94 yakaitwa muna 2010 - anenge makore zana pashure kusaina of Versailles Treaty.

Nokusingaperi zvisungo Dutch Water Council

Vamwe chikwereti yekare ichiri kumhanya nenzira Dutch remunharaunda mvura puranga, izvo zviri XVII remakore akapa zvisungo zviri nedanho fundraising kuramba madhamu uye piers pamusoro penzizi uye madhamu South Holland uye Utrecht kumatunhu. Mumwe wokutanga chisungo wakabudiswa muna 1624. Muna 2003, Yale University vakatenga zvisungo nokusingagumi muna 1648, yakanyorwa mbudzi ganda, kota miriyoni emadhora pamusoro. Bond muMuseum sezvo nhoroondo kwebhokisi, asi nokuti vachiri kuita mari. Mutengo yepakutanga mubhizimisi - chiuru guilders, inova yakaenzana 500 madhora ano. Muna 2015, Yale muzvinadzidzo akaenda kuNetherlands kuti inobhadharwa kwemakore 12. Zvakanga sezvavanogona 153 emadhora.

Kubhadhara nokuti rusununguko kuHaiti

Muna 1791, varanda African kune cheCaribbean San Domingo akaronga kupandukira uye vakapandukira zvavo French vanatenzi. Kumukira yakaguma muna 1804, paumbwe Zimbabwe kuHaiti - chete hurumende yakaumbwa somugumisiro pokupanduka varanda. Zvisinei, mamiriro yakazvimirira mamiriro akanga kure husingakoshi. Kana France kana United States, hapana imwe nyika yave aiziva rusununguko kuHaiti.

Muna 1825, France akaisa akakomba unoriumba nyuchi uye vakavimbisa blockade uye nechisimba. Hurumende muduku zvokuvhoterwa kwaingova musanangurwa - kutenga kwavo rusununguko kupfurikidza kusaina chibvumirano pamusoro kuripwa mafranc zvendarama mamiriyoni 90 akafukidza kurasikirwa France uye vemo vanogara munharaunda kuHaiti. Prohibitive chitsama vakapfuura wegore mari reRepublic kuti kashanu, ndokusaka contractual kubhadhara yakaramba kusvikira 1947.

Nhasi, vatsigiri vakawanda uye vezvematongerwo enyika kudiwa kubva France kudzoka kuHaiti kunaka kutora mari. Huwandu yazvino nerokuti inopfuura $ 20 bhiriyoni.

pagore negore French 1738

Nokuti anenge matatu emakore, France anoramba kuita chikwereti kujairika kuti mhuri imwe gweta French, wakatorwa muna 1738. Muzana XVIII remakore, gweta nezita Klod Linott akashanda ari chipangamazano zvemari kuti French Duke pakati Bouillon nevana vake. Somubayiro rakaisvonaka basa Lynott akakumbira Duke kuti asaine upenyu pagore negore chiuru Livres gore, rinoshanda chero bedzi mupenyu runenge rimwe zvakananga vazukuru gweta uye wake. Claude Rod Lynott akaratidza kuva akaoma musoro chaizvo uye pagore negore akaramba achishingaira pasinei mukurwisana nenyika uye dzakawanda anoverengeka uye kumukira. Zvikwereti zvandinovimbisa vakapona French Revolution, kuwedzera kune simba uye kuwa Napoleon, uyewo mbiri dzenyika. Maererano nokutsvakurudza nezvoupfumi avo zvakabudisa nyaya Claude Lynott, muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, hurumende yeFrance kunyange akaedza kudzikinura pagore negore kusagadzikana, asi zvizvarwa newomuprofita gweta akaramba kuzoitengesazve. Kubhadhara Zvisinei akaita zvose gore kusvikira nhasi, somugumisiro mitengo uye kuchinja mari uwandu vachibhadhara ungaderedza yekudyidzana uye anenge mumwe Euro pagore.