A nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu Chidzidzo

In zvipenyu, zvose zvipenyu, uye iriko paNyika, mapoka mapoka mana makuru inonzi umambo. Izvi Mabhakitiriya, zvinomera, notumwe uye mhuka. Mumwe nzvimbo dzinosanganisira siyana zvikuru genera uye kwemarudzi zvinosanganisira vakawanda dzakabatana. Amazing uye zvakasiyana-siyana mhuka hombe. Uyewo, mhuka dziri rakakamurwa chete-celled uye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, invertebrate uye vertebrate zvinenge. A sainzi kubata pakudzidza kwavo unonzi zvemhuka (zvipenyu chikamu).

A pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana: kupatsanura

Invertebrates kazhinji ukama makonye, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, arachnids nezvipembenene. mhuka idzi (hongu, nehonye - zvipfuwo) vasina mukati kana kunze munhu raidudzwa nomuzongoza. Dzimwe nguva pane chitinous goko kuti anoita basa iri. For vertebrates zvinosanganisira hove, amphibians, nezvinokambaira, neshiri, mhuka (vanhu rinoreva rokupedzisira kirasi, nokuti anodyisa vana vavo mukaka).

Invertebrates: Worms

A siyana mhuka inogona zvakanaka kufungidzira, kudzidza zvisikwa izvi. boka iri zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura zviuru 46 mhando zvipenyu. Makonye dzinonyanya pachishandiswa kwakavharwa nenyama tsandanyama kuburikidza vaikunga muviri kwakasiyana-siyana. Vanorarama mumakungwa nomunzizi, nyanza, anezvimiti, muvhu. Chiedza, inozivikanwa mumiririri - the earthworm. It anogara muvhu, kubatsira kusunungura Munoipfumisa. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti ose basa papurazi. Vakawanda zvidzidzo zvinobatsira nehonye. Somuenzaniso, ari chikwevaropa. Ivo inoshandiswa mukurapa. A zvomumvura Makonye vanoshumira se kugara chikafu hove dzokutengesa kukohwewa Varedzi. Pasina kwavari, dzimwe mhando hove paisazova chikafu. Zvisinei, pane zvakawanda parasitic Makonye kuripo tichiregeredza zvimwe zvinenge (tupukanana pamusoro pavo). Nokuda kusaremekedza utsanana tupukanana kwakadaro kunogona kupinda uye mukati womunhu muviri uye akararama kwemakore. Saka zvino imi kuona sei zvinokosha kutevera nyore nemitemo utsanana: kugeza maoko vasati vachidya, havashandisi ndiro dzakasviba, kwete kuti kuvapo enhunzi. Zviya, honye, Vakazopinda dzimwe zvinenge emit zvigadzirwa inokuvadza upenyu hwavo, zvishoma nezvishoma nomuchetura tenzi wake. Munhu anova huta, ake zvose kunetsa, pakarepo anoneta uye simba, pane kugara kudhaka, uye iwe unofanira kuva chakakomba dzevamhan'ari vanachiremba achibvisa inokosha nzira iyi mhuka yose kubva mumuviri womunhu.

clams

The pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kuri clams makuru. boka iri rine vanopfuura zviuru 130 marudzi. Uye vanogara anenge kwese, kunyange pamusoro pemiti. Asi vakawanda vavo anogara penyanza panguva dzakasiyana-siyana makadzika. Vamwe vavo mazana nemakore. Dzemugungwa chikafu zvose zvinomera nemhuka diki, uye makemikari tsvina. Vanenge vose vanodzivirirwa ari muchimiro goko (kunze, somuenzaniso Squid, uyo ane clam, asi ane kutanga goko). Vanhu refu vapera dzemugungwa zvokudya. Dzimwe nhengo dzeboka iri ndivo kunyange zvinonaka.

echinoderms

Izvi Starfish (1,500 rudzi), akawana zita raro nokuda mwaranzi pamusoro muviri (vazhinji vashanu vavo, asi dzimwe kunyange pamusana zvidimbu anosvika 50). Nyeredzi, vanogara mugungwa, akasiyana pakukura uye chitarisiko. A maitiro chepfungwa Starfish - kukwanisa panoda (kufanana madzvinyu). Kana hwemhuka akatsaura nemakumbo, ipapo panzvimbo yayo inokura kuva pamwero itsva. A danda kubva vakanyarara itsva munhu anova pasi zvakanaka ezvinhu. Most Starfish - nezvikara.

Sea urchins (800 rudzi) Uyewo ndezvaJehovha echinoderms. urchin muviri wakafukidzwa tsono kubva hukuru siyana. A Kubukira urefu anogona kusvika 30 masendimita. Jerzy kufamba norubatsiro tsono. Uye vamwe vacho chepfu chaizvo, ngozi dzimwe mhuka.

crustaceans

The muviri yemhuka idzi chine warrior zvikamu: musoro, thorax uye dumbu. Mbabvu, izvo iri mudumbu uye muchipfuva, kubvumira nekenza kufamba mhiri pemvura. Meso avo anoumbwa mumakomba duku zhinji, uye mumusoro pane majoko zvakawanda shaya.

Arachnids nezvipembenene

A pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kurarama munyika, zvakanaka kumiririrwa, uye mapoka aya, izvo kune vanopfuura 27.000 marudzi. Izvi mapoka maviri inoenderana. Chete Tupukanana makumbo matanhatu uye madandaude - navasere. Asi muna zvipembenene zvose vane mapapiro, kunyange achiri mucheche. Madandaude mapapiro havana kuwanikwa. Uyewo, muviri mamiriro zvakasiyana: Tupukanana ane musoro, thorax uye dumbu, uye madandaude - cephalothorax uye dumbu.

vertebrates

A pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana vanogara yedu, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuongorora vertebrate kukupfura. hove ichi, akafukidza pachikero. Ndivo zvakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi, riri pakati izvo yekare zvikuru vanogara gungwa kubva panguva yakare (Sharks, hove crossopterygian). Ichi uye amphibians, uye nezvinokambaira neshiri, uye mhuka kuti vagere nyika. The pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana iguru zvokuti kunyange ane ruzivo wemhuka haripi mhinduro chaiwo kuti mubvunzo sei mhando dzakawanda zviripo zvakasikwa. Nekuti hapana mhinduro zvachose uye: kuramba kunozarura itsva, vamwe zviripo apere. It akaita ichitanga zvakasikwa, zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana mhuka (ona pamusoro mufananidzo).