Main madunhurirwa, kana chii mutongi mukuru munyika Arab munyika

Kare, kuti kwemazana emakore akawanda reArab States kuzviisa pasi nevanhu uye tsika yacho chitendero Islam, havana kuziva wemadzimambo uye vatongi. Saka anotonga navo, uye zita mutongi mukuru munyika dzechiArabhu nyika? Edza kunzwisisa.

Kakawanda kwete rokuremekedza memukuru nyika pakutsvaga chehurumende. Kana mutongi inonzi Sultan - the sultanate, kuti Caliph (zita zvekare caliph) - a caliphate, uye zvichingodaro. Tinotarisa pane vane zvakafanana uye ndedzipi pfungwa kusiyana.

Khalifa (Khalifa)

Mumiririri uye zvenyika uye chitendero ushe pasina nekupesana, mutongi mukuru munyika dzechiArabhu - the Caliph. Zvaidavirwa kuti caliphs zvaiva pamberi vabati muprofita Mohammed pasi. Kana mutemo uyu chitendero ndiye muvambi uye ane hombe kukanganisa enyika negwara muupenyu munyika.

Uyewo, Caliph ainziwo muEgipita, uye ipapo Turkish sultans, zvichiratidza ukuru hwavo zvokunamata pamusoro vagari vaMuslim.

sultans

Sultan - mumwe pamutemo rokuremekedza, kupindura mubvunzo, chii zita mutongi mukuru mune Arab munyika. Kana musoro Sultan pamire, hurumende pachayo kana chikamu (nharaunda, nharaunda, state) anonzi Sultanate. The zita akauya munyika rechiIslam, Korani, sechiratidzo simba, gare gare "Sultan" rakasvikawo pakureva munhu mumiririri simba venyika, anodzivisa "Imam," semumiriri simba vezvitendero.

The chikuru runoratidza kuti Sultanate munyika Islamic nyika - dzinza roumambo yakareba. Sezvo chikamu caliphate, kuti State asi kuva akazvimirira uye pasi chete kuti mutongi wavo mumwe munharaunda youmambo. Asi zvakaitika kuti vakauya simba uye akasarudzwa munhu.

Mazuva ano hapana nyika chete apo mitemo aizova Sultan. Last anozivikanwa sultanates - Zanzibar, Kuwait, Sultanate pamusoro Lahej Kuayti uye akanyangarika kubva nyika mepu muna 1964 uye 1967. Kunyange zvazvo yakakurumbira sultanates runoonekwa kuti hweOttoman, neguta rayo guru muna Constantinople, uye Mameluke - guru Cairo.

Madzishe uye ndiwo madzishe

Vamwe ano youmambo nezviremera zvenyika Arab nyika, dzakadai Kuwait, Bahrain nevamwe akazviratidza mumazuva kugarwa yemadzinza. Ipapo vakasarudza Sheikh - mumwe rokuremekedza, izvo zvinogona kuva mutongi mukuru Arab.

The Sheikh chakabata upenyu dzavo, simba ravo akakura, vakanga akasimbiswa tichiregeredza ichipererwa nemhuri. Izvi panoberekwa rimwe madzishe simba kupfuura vasiri chigaro chigaro chake, kuparadzira simba uye kodzero vana vavo nevazukuru utariri.

Mune Brazil, sezvo zita rinoreva kuti anomira musoro ishe, ndiye zvimwe zvaungaita, zita mutongi mukuru mune Arab munyika. The rokuremekedza iri nhaka. Kunyange zvazvo nyika rinoumbwa nomwe yoga administrative dzakabatana - the Emirates, vose vanoteerera mutongi mukurusa. Dzimwe nguva zvakare anonzi purezidhendi, kunyange izvi handizvo zvachose, nokuti nzvimbo iri nhaka.

Kings uye mapurezidhendi

Mune dzimwe nyika vari dzechiArab nyika, somuenzaniso, muna Jorodhani kana Morocco, achiri hwakachengetedza umambo, apo simba riri yunifomu iri kusimbiswa mumaoko mutongi imwe. Mutongo uyu kana munhu ane zita ramambo. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti shoko asiri Arab mavambo uye akaitwa mutauro dzakadzidzvinyirira, iri hwakaratidza panguva ndima idzi, kunyange mhinduro mubvunzo, zita mutongi mukuru ari Arab munyika chii.

Pane zviitiko apo nyika achinja chehurumende, saka zita musoro wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, muna Kuwait, muna 70 mugore XX remakore bumbiro rakazoshandiswa. Rakati kuti vamiririri Emirates vanogona kusarudza kubva siyana gavhuna wayo kwemakore mashanu. Panyaya iyi, musoro mutongi - purezidhendi.