Izvo tectonic mamiriro yakatsaurirwa bani Russian? Tectonics uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yeRussian Plain

Nzvimbo masango kubva Pechora uye Karelian taiga hombe, memuouki rinopararira kuti pakati bhendi, izvo zvinosanganisira Prairie zviyo matura uye mafuro achinaya mvura - ichi nharaunda yose - kwete kuti mumwe, sezvo mubani Russian. Map of nyika yedu kunoratidza kuti idzi ndidzo vakawanda mumaguta nemisha, uye saka vari zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda.

Russian kana East European Plain kuona nhoroondo Russia-gore chiuru kupfuura. Akashanda somunda nokuda rusununguko hondo, yayakayambuka wechiTatar-eMongolia, varwi Napoleon uye Hitler. Zviri pamusoro pachena ichi zvinopindura chikuru echimurenga zviitiko. It nokutambidzwa inokosha pavakwe mugovanisi vanhu. Uye kusvikira zvino nzvimbo iyi inokosha upfumi chikamu Russia.

jogirafi

East European Plain iri munzvimbo yakakura. Munzvimbo yayo, zviri wechipiri chete kune Amazon. Nyika yayo rinotanga kubva kumahombekombe eGungwa reBaltic nokurebesa kugomo neeSultan pakati Urals, kubva Sea White uye Gungwa Barents kuna reCaspian uye Azov.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Russian Plain akadaro kuti ane kuwana mumakungwa maviri.

Kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu nzvimbo iri shoma kune Air kumakomo. Kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero uye kumadokero wasvika akatevedzana Central Europe uye Carpathians. Ndezvipi zvimwe ndiwo makomo pamuganhu wenharaunda inogarwa pamuouki Russian? Map inoratidza nzvimbo iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva Caucasus, ivo Urals uye Mogodzhary - kumabvazuva. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda romubani Russian rinoguma kuchamhembe rutsoka Makomo Crimean ari Crimean kweItari. Izvi nharaunda yose mativi mamita mamiriyoni mana. Izvi zvinopfuura zviviri uye chiuru hafu chete kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, uye chiuru - kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Russian Plain zvokuti nzvimbo yaro huru vari mukati Russian Federation. Uyezve, pano dziri munyika dzakadai Latvia uye Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine uye Moldova, Poland uye Finland, Bulgaria uye Romania, uye kuKazakhstan.

rubatsiro

On mundima East European Plain raiva chikomo, kufadza yakakwirira - kubva 200 kusvika 300 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Panewo pamapani pamwe usabuda navo nzizi huru. Kunonyanyisa kukwirira romubani iri kuchengetwa ari Urals, uyewo Bugulma-Veremeevskoy chikomo. Pano zvasvika padanho 479 m. The paavhareji Kukwirira chechetere yose nharaunda romubani iri kumativi 170 metres.

Description uye kupatsanura pakati chokunze zviratidzo kuzorodzwa paaivatambudza orography. Uyu ndiwo mumwe nyaya, izvo zvinosanganisira jogirafi. Russian Plain pamusoro nhandare, izvo zvinorondedzerwa orography, rakakamurwa mapoka matatu - nechepakati, kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba. Mune wokutanga navo pabani Russian, unogona kuona chikomo yakadai: Volga, Central Russian, Bugulma-Belebey uye General Sirt. Ivo vanoparadzaniswa mumwe Low Volga uye Oka-Don nokumapani.

The pakati bhendi

Relief yeRussian Plain kuchamhembe kanyika kuti kunyanya yakaderera-kunyepa. Chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri munharaunda singly kana mune nezvishongo duku vakapararira chikomo diki. Nenzira kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva vari humwewo Smolensk uye Moscow, uyewo zviri Valdai Hills anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri of Northern Zone. Kuburikidza mundima yavo iri Watershed pakati kweArctic, North, Atlantic, uyewo zvikasabudiswa yomukati Aral-reCaspian bheseni. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kubva Northern anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri kuna Barents uye White makungwa, pane zvimwe rutapudzo munharaunda mumapani.

In wechitatu, kumaodzanyemba ubvise pane zvakawanda pamapani. Pakati pavo, The Black Sea, reCaspian nevamwe. Ivo dzakaparadzaniswa yakaderera kwakadzikira (Stavropolskaya Ergeni uye t. D.).

Kupatsanura pakati tectonic hurongwa

In pasi goko ane nzvimbo huru vane miganhu vari zvakadzama zvikanganiso. Ndicho tectonic hurongwa. Vaka imwe yoga Geological nesayenzi. zita rayo - tectonics. chirango ichi chinotarisa maviri zvivako zvikuru kuti dziri munzvimbo goko paNyika. Chikuva ichi, uyewo zvinofamba bhandi. The rokutanga munzvimbo idzi yakatsiga, ane furati penyika. Platforms vatova pasi kuparadzwa akapeta zvivako. Panguva iyoyo vakanga vane mbiri-rukoko mamiriro. Saka, muna yepazasi chikamu kuchikuva riri crystalline chawo iro rinoumbwa tsaru yokucheka mapuranga. Above rukoko iri sedimentary pakavha. Chinhanho kwayo inotungamirwa akatora papera deposits. Tectonics allocates Slabs uye namapuranga pachikuva. Vokutanga ndivo dzine hwaro anorara zvachose kudzama, kufukidzwa sedimentary pabutiro. Solid crystalline migove ndiwo chete hwaro, akakwidziridzwa pamusoro pasi pemvura. Panewo sedimentary butiro. Zvisinei, hazvina kuramba uye shoma-simba.

Panyaya chinjwa bhandi, chiri mugove elongated ari goko, umo nharaunda kusvikira nguva ino kuramba pezvakaitwa dzidzo.

Kubva musi kupatsanura ichi, kuti tectonic marongerwo yakatsaurirwa bani Russian? Chokwadi, boka rokutanga, ndiko kuti, kune platforms.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Hwaro Russian Plain ndiko papuratifomu yekare. Ndokusaka kuzorodzwa kwenzvimbo ine kunonyanya kubva pamapani. Paumbwe ndima kudaro racho simba, vakawanda dzinongoitika zvinhu. mhepo iyi, mvura uye mazitombo echando.

Nheyo East European pachikuva riri panguva dzakasiyana pakadzika. Chete pakati yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia uye Kola Peninsula inopinda pepasi. mapazi aya anonzi kuBaltic nhoo. Rinobatanidzwa ne mavambo Hibin marairirwo pamusoro Kola Peninsula. In navamwe hwaro Anofukidza sedimentary butiro, iro rine simba zvakasiyana.
kwakadzikira zvose dziri East European Plain, akaumba chikuva zvimwiro kana pasi pokudzora munhu rechando, kana akanonga nheyo.

Mugumisiro tectonic pamahwendefa kwenzvimbo

bani Russian ane hwezuva papuratifomu zvokuyamura. With pamapani zvayo zvose uye uplands vari tectonic mavambo. Ndezvipi zvinhu papuratifomu ichi? Izvo tectonic mamiriro yakatsaurirwa bani Russian?

The yose ndima hunodzorwa sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine. Uye kuvonga zvose kune tectonic mamiriro, ine bani papuratifomu. All hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka hwaro kwakatungamirira paumbwe guru pamapani uye zvimwe zvikomo. Somuenzaniso, kukwidza nheyo Voronezh aiva mhaka Central Russian Upland. Achideredza kuchikuva zvakakonzera chidzoke of Caves uye ari reCaspian kuora mwoyo.

Tectonic nemamiriro Russian Plain iri munharaunda dzakawanda inoratidza Precambrian crystalline hwendefa pamwe nheyo. Southern mapazi iri kumusoro kumucheto muSitiya ndiro avete Paleozoic wakapetwa bhesimendi. maumbirwo Izvi zvinopa kunyatsoenderana mhinduro yomubvunzo dzokuti kune tectonic nemamiriro akazvitsaurira bani Russian. Muganhu pakati mahwendefa maviri asingadi kukanganisa mamiriro enzvimbo.

The nemamiriro tectonic strata

Pasinei nokuti vakawanda hunhu nharaunda iri pachena, yokuyamura ake pane zvose pamapani uye Upland. The tsananguro iyi inogona kuwanika tectonic zvaiva Russian Plain. Chokwadi kuti chimiro chayo heterogeneous uye dzisakarurama unhu panguva mapato edzidzo. On kunyatsoongorora zvinoratidzika kuti papuratifomu shure pabani Russian, une zviduku zvinhu. Ivo:
- pamapuranga
- anteklizy vaimiririra nzvimbo kudzika hwaro;
- syncline vari munzvimbo glei Precambrian bhesimendi riri kudzika kukuru.

anteclise

Remasangano zvinhu izvi dziri nechepakati chikamu Russian ndiro. Ndicho Volga-Urals uye Voronezh anticline. Sezvo chikamu chokutanga vavo kukurudzira guru (hwakavigwa mumakamuri) uye kuora mwoyo. Muchiitiko chino, Ukobvu sediments anenge 800 metres.

Mundima Voronezh anticline zvishoma nezvishoma kunotangira kurutivi rwokumusoro. Pamusoro pemvura nheyo dzaro dziri mutete ari Ukobvu deposition pamusoro kabhoni, uye Devonian ordovika. On pamawere wokumaodzanyemba yakatenuka overlying pamatombo Paleogene uye Cretaceous. Zviri pano, uye kabhoni.

syneclise

Kupfuura kare uye kunzwisisa waro sezvamunoita chaikosha ndiyo nzvimbo Moscow. Pano, kuti crystalline bhesimendi rikaitika pasi goko panguva huru pakadzika. Hwaro Moscow syneclise vari aulacogens, izvo zvinogutswa gobvu strata of the reef. Above akaturikidzana aya sedimentary butiro chinomiririrwa mabwe siyana kubva yeCambrian kusvika Cretaceous.

Muna Neogene-Quaternary Moscow syneclise ndavhiyiwa gogonera kukurudzira. Izvi zvinooneka munzvimbo kwenzvimbo, apo paiva chikomo dzakadai Valdai Hills uye Smolensk-Moscow, uyewo nebani - Northern Dvina uye Upper Volga.

On the East European Plain nderimwe syneclise kukuru - Pechora. It inoremekedzwa mundima achikanganisa iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu Russian Plate. chidhina Its nheyo gogonera panguva dzakasiyana dzakadzika, richisvika rokumabvazuva nharaunda kubva 5000 kusvika 6000 mamita. Kuzadza syncline vari gobvu strata Paleozoic matombo izvo bindepinde Meso-Cenozoic deposits.

zvicherwa

Saka, takasarudza kuti bani Russian tectonic yakarongeka vakazvitsaurira, chii nhoroondo yaro geologic. Nokuda yakareba yaro inotungamirwa, ichi chikuva dangwe ndiro geostruturu simba. Rine hariperi reserves zvicherwa. Saka, muna nheyo pachikuva akawana deposits esimbi esimbi. Ivo dziri mune mapazi ari Kursk rinobva anomaly. Mugore sedimentary pabutiro pachikuva rakawanikwa marasha reserves. Ivo kuva kumabvazuva chikamu Donets Basin uye Moscow bheseni. In Mezozoic uye Paleozoic muri matura mafuta uye gasi. Ndicho Ural-Volga bheseni. Kwete kure Syzran yakawanikwa shale. In pakadzika Russian Plain dzakawanda dzakasiyana zvokuvakisa - .. yematombo uye mavhu, nevhu, etc. mashava reraimu, bauxite, munyu uye phosphates dziri sedimentary butiro.

Kusiyana dzakadaro

Sezvatinoziva, yokuRussia Plain iri munzvimbo yakakura. Ndokusaka zvichinzi dzinoratidzwa raidudzwa siyana okunze. Natural zvikamu zviri pachena Russian anounzwa dzose kusiyana. Muna Far North - achinaya mvura pamwe pasi simba rayo uye nemiti murombo dzichikura peat manyowa nevhu. Summer atonhodze zvikamu izvi, pamwe yakakwirira mwando, vachiwedzera nokuda napedyo kweArctic Ocean.

Just kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo iri masango anogara achinaya mvura wongoramba. Next ndiyo pakati mapazi yeRussian Plain. Zvinonzi kufukidzwa masango. In yayo kuchamhembe chikamu hunodzorwa kwasviba coniferous taiga, iyo inokura boggy podzolic nevhu. Kurutivi rwezasi pane vakavhengana arrays, rakatumbuka pamwe Deciduous Masango nemiouki, Maple uye Linden.

Natural zvikamu zviri pachena Russian iri kumaodzanyemba musango uye inowanzorimwa dzinoturwa. Ndima iyi yakaorera, sezvinoita mutemo, mutema ivhu pamwe herbaceous zvinomera.

shomeka nyika

The yokunyanyisa rwezasi-kumabvazuva East European Plain iri muna reCaspian kuora mwoyo. Pasi pokudzora yakaoma okunze pano kuumbwa Semi-mugwenga nharaunda, riri pamusoro Chestnut nevhu. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo panewo mumarenje. mapazi ichi vachena nevhu, munyu inonanzva uye munyu marshes.

mhedziso

Bani sei zvizere uye Russian zvinogona kudzidzwa zvakadzama? A tafura umo zviratidzi siyana akatanga (tectonic yakarongeka, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, okunze uye t. D.) CHINOFANIRA nokungwarira vaiona. Ichi chiratidzo chinoshamisa chinooneka kuti kubatsira zvikuru kunzwisisa uye kudzidza zvaida zvinhu.