List zviri unitary inoti: mudziyo zviri munyika dzakasiyana

In murume pane nyika uye nemataundi nenharaunda anopfuura 200. Vane akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika, zvakasiyana mundima, tsika uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva vokuparidzira, noruremekedzo kuti chitendero. Asi musiyano mukuru munyika nokuda kwavo administrative uye miganhu chikwata. On hwaro ichi zvose inoti vari rakakamurwa unitary, yeUnited kana confederal. The kufarira chikuru ndicho muchikwata wokutanga.

Pfungwa imwe unitary mamiriro

Mupfungwa yakakura, ari unitary mudziyo kuona chimiro National-mamiriro sangano ndima umo mumativi ose enyika vari kutongwa kwegadziriro hurumende. The ndima zvakare kunosvika kune kwegadziriro mitemo, pamitero, pasina ropafadzo vasabatanidzwe.

Unitarianism - mumwe 3 mhando administrative marongerwo uye chinonyanya "yakakurumbira". Pari ndandanda unitary rinoti pane 85% kunyika dzose nenharaunda munyika. Nyika zvekare munyika (Europe, Africa uye Asia) vane administrative sangano. It chinogona kubatanidzwa mureza, kuti Constitution (Poland, Spain, Greece, Portugal uye zvichingodaro.) Kana nyore kunanga.

Mhando rinoti pamusoro mamiriro yaiona dzakabatana

Zvichienderana Zvinoumba zvose kumatunhu ari unitary nyika rakakamurwa mifananidzo:

1. Simple - hurumende rinoumbwa kumatunhu rimwe chete hweHIV. Somuenzaniso, Egypt inoumbwa 27 zvakaenzana enyika, chimwe nechimwe rakakamurwa maruwa, uye avo vari yakava maruwa.

2. Complex - kana paine chimwe kana kupfuura miganhu dzakabatana pamwechete chinzvimbo chinokosha. In kuzvionera ichi kunogona kuva administrative (mumwe mutauro kuti nhaurirano uye kururamisira) kana political (kodzero lawmaking mukati nharaunda). Kazhinji nzvimbo munyika vane wakaenzana chinzvimbo, uye ruwa guru anokwanisa chaiyo (Indonesia).

Mugore unitary inoti ane kunzwisisa zano - Spain, Tajikistan, China, Denmark, Finland, uye vamwe.

Mhando rinoti maererano nzira sangano simba

Pahwaro nyika utariri ndeinotevera:

1. Centralized - hurumende dziri kuumbwa imwe nzira, vari zvacho uye kuzviisa pasi, kuita mukati simba rayo. Pakati inoti izvi Kazakhstan, Belarus uye China.

2. Decentralized - ari Links kudzora nyika idzi dziri kushanda vanosarudzwa mitumbi (machinda) uye hapana administrative dzokutarisira pauswa-midzi hurumende. Mugore unitary inoti iyi mhando dzidzo yakakura chaizvo - Sweden, France, Denmark, Italy nevamwe.

3. Mixed - nyika ine centralized utariri gadziriro, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo ine chinzvimbo chinokosha vanosarudzwa machinda kana masimba.

Mienzaniso changamire nyika ine unitary mudziyo

The Kudeuka hegemonic nyika vane yeUnited yakarongeka (Russia, USA), asi ruzhinji nhamba munyika zvikuru dzakabudirira upfumi, izvo kuita basa rinokosha mune dzakawanda munhandare, vachiri chete sangano. Muzana XXI remakore ndandanda unitary inoti iri dzichichinja, achiwedzera nhengo itsva. Somuenzaniso, mushakabvu okupedzisira stoleniya yakabuda mamiriro kuKosovo, uye muna 2014 vakaronga DNR uye LNR.

Pari kuwanda munyika ine unitary mudziyo kuburikidza zvikamu chiedza akagoverwa sezvinotevera:

Mugore unitary inoti vatorwa Europe vanofanira omerera dzinonzi pfupi nyika (Monaco, Luxembourg, San Marino, Liechtenstein). Vanodawo unitary, uye vazhinji vanodavira kuti remunharaunda nokupesana vasingadaro. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose, sezvo Monaco - ane madhorobha conglomerate, kwaizoita pashure kwemapazi mumatunhu mana. The administrative miganhu dzine anochengeterwa XXI remakore. In San Marino (imwe nzvimbo ba 61 chete. Km) pane 9 maruwa, inonzi "Castelli". Luxembourg, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa cantons.

List pamusoro unitary uye yeUnited inoti ine 199 nzvimbo (171 uye 28 azvaitwa), asi pasi pokudzora enyika uye zvoupfumi zvinetso mumakore pazvinhu izvi nekukurumidza kuchinja.