Chii hunde? Marongerwo zvinoreva hunde

Chii hunde? In mashoko zvipenyu, zviri chikamu chirimwa, iro mashizha uye maruva, ndiro kuenderera vascular ezvinhu, chaiko kune kumidzi. The chikuru kushanda hunde ndiyo chokuendesa mvura uye zvinokosha zvicherwa kubva muvhu kusvika mashizha uye nezvimwe zvikamu zvinomera. Green madzinde tiri basa chikafu uye kuitawo photosynthesis.

Chokumisa: kwayo marongerwo uye zvinoreva

Zvinyama panguva pakuguma hunde masero vanokwanisa kuparadzanise uye kukonzera elongation kwayo, inonzi apical meristem. hunde akaturikidzana anosanganisira Epiderme e - nayo zvinenge zvakazara yokunze rukoko masero anokosha muriwo wakisi, izvo anotidzivirira kubva zvakatipoteredza. Primary zvinyama -bhainda Epiderme e rwomukati phloem nebasa kuparadzira zvibereko photosynthesis pedyo chirimwa. xylem zvinyama partitioned mvura uye zvicherwa kubva pamidzi zvikuru pamusoro, richipa rubatsiro STRUCTURAL nokuda zvinomera. Nemicheka vari cambium rukoko kupatsanura munyama anobvumira avo kukura hunde kukura upamhi. The ukoshi hunde kuchikonzerwa kupa chinokosha zvinhu chirimwa yose. Kana wakaremara kana zvakasimba bhandeji, pamusoro kwenguva, kunyimwa munyama zvokudya, zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga nokuomesa. kurasikirwa zvachose kunoitika pamwe unooma pamusoro midzi. kuti hunde mugove anosanganisirawo panozogadzirika iyo uzere Woody miti yekare zvakaoma huni xylem fibers uye zvinoshandiswa pakuzivisa zvinomera. Zvinogona kuva zvakasimba kana mhango. Its muchinjikwa chinogona kuva kumativi, mativi kana nyeredzi serin'i.

Exterior zvinhu

Chii hunde uye kuti akaita? Pamusoro hunde iri kwayo pfungwa huru kukura. Receptors iri mairi anogona kupiwa muchimiro shizha namabukira uye vegetative dzokubereka wotungira. Akanyanya zvirimwa zvakawanda apical kemikari auxin kuchititadzisa pave lateral namabukira, nokudaro orienting chirimwa kumusoro, kwete kurutivi. Kana apical chipande yabviswa panguva kuchekerera, kukura kwakaita mashizha axils lateral namabukira pachava maziso, uye hunde achaita rakapetana chimiro. Kazhinji, kufukidza musoro dzakachinjwa machira - chipande zviyero, izvo kushumira kudzivirira. The omuti ndiyo chokunze inodzivirira zvinyama pamusoro Woody zvinomera, uye anova nezera.

vascular maitiro

The vascular Hurongwa inomiririrwa richikurukura senyere kuburikidza nemvura uye zvinovaka muviri zviri zvifambiswe yose chirimwa Nekubatanidza nemidzi, chokumisa uye mashizha. Havasi vose nemiti anozvikudza zvakadai mosses uye algae vari dzinofambiswa ne diffuse. Vascular zvirimwa zvinosanganisira maruva uye coniferous zvinomera uye ferns. The hurongwa ine mbiri huru munyama; asi phloem uye xylem. Xylem ari richikurukura pombi kuti transports mvura uye zvicherwa munyika chirimwa. Uyezve, uyewo inopa basa yechipiri - STRUCTURAL rutsigiro, unogona kuenzaniswa nomuzongoza, izvo zvinotibatsira kuramba wakarurama. The unaku of hunde kazhinji anoenderana uwandu zvinyama Somuenzaniso, zviri zvikuru huri muti hunde dzacho, mune mavara ayo duku zvikuru.

Common akasiyana madzinde

1. Wood. Pano rinoreva vertically kukura miti ine hwakanyatsorwisa guru chinoumba, uye makwenzi (Roses, mazambiringa, blackberries, mahabhurosi).
2. Modified. Somuenzaniso, tulips, maruva uye uta vari thickened pevhu hunde pamwe dzine mashizha. In Gladiolus pfupi, thickened pevhu kunokonzerwa nezvinhu pfupi scaly mashizha. Compressed Musimboti, kukura pamusoro uye pazasi midzi nemashizha uye maruva vane Strawberry, voikukka, African Violet.
3. Chinjikira. Somuenzaniso, kuti nhungirwa zvemuchadenga kuti Strawberry, masuwiti.
4. Curly madzinde (mazambiringa, honeysuckle, girini bhinzi).
5. Mhando madzinde zvinosanganisirawo tuber, dzakadai mbatatisi.
6. Tuberous hunde, pfupi uye flattened, riripo nokuda begonias, dahlias. Kusiyana tubers, ayo akapararira receptors, tuberous madzinde chete mashizha nhungirwa pamusoro.

hunde basa

1. inotsigira mashizha, maruva uye michero, kusonganirana navo midzi. Pamiti mikuru hunde kana hunde kunoratidzwa yakasimba columnar marongerwo.

2. Iye kondakita mvura, zvokudya uye photosynthesis zvigadzirwa. Its nezvifambiso zvinosvika hwakarongwa zvokuti zvinova zvinoita kutwasuka uye lateral kufamba mukati chirimwa muviri.

3. Mano varambe mvura uye zvibereko photosynthesis kunokosha kushanda pemashanga miti akadai emichindwe cacti.

4. Vechiduku zvakasvibirira hunde wakakurira zvishoma basa mukurima chikafu nokuda nedanho photosynthesis, asi mune dzimwe mhuka (semuenzaniso, cacti) Nde tsvimbo photosynthetic nenyere.

5. inzira asexual kubereka zvakawanda mhando zvinomera, kusanganisira kuchekwa.

kuti hunde chikamu

Vose dzakanzi pamusoro angiosperms, kusanganisira avo vari zvikuru dzakachinjwa, vane nodes, internodes, atwo uye mashizha. Raiva pedyo nebundu - ndiwo pfungwa iyo inokura mashizha kana wotungira. Plot inonzi interstice therebetween. Bud - ndiko embryo hunde kuti anokwanisa kukura. Hwakura kuva ruva kana shizha. Mafundo aya se mashizha namabukira, atwo uye atwo yakavhenganiswa. Vakawanda vavo varambe vari zororo imwe nguva, ipapo kukura kupinda dzakasiyana kana tiri revatema sezvingatarisirwa kupinda hunde rinenge uye vari asazivikanwa. Pamiti, kunze huru hunde, kazhinji vane divi mapazi, izvo kuda mapazi madiki. Mukuwedzera nemashizha uye namabukira, uye dzimwe nhengo anogona kuvapo ari muchimiro bvudzi-zvakadai outgrowths vari masero epidermal, uye stipules yakatesvera panyanga dzacho.

hunde Dimensions

Achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii hunde, zvakakosha kuona kukura kwayo. Zvinomera zvose, kazhinji zviri aboveground chikamu, iyo inopa STRUCTURAL rutsigiro uye anoshanda ari murevereri uye mutungamiriri pakati midzi uye mashizha. The madzinde dzinosiyana kukura kubva duku rostochku mizambiringa anosvika 15-mita dhayamita muti!

ukoshi

Chii hunde? Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo musimboti akabatana, kuti izvo dzakabatanidzwa zvose vamwe mashoko. miti Most dziri pamusoro pemvura, asi mune dzimwe mhuka mungavanzwa pachivande hunde. Chimiro nezvinangwa zvaro zvinoreva zvakabatana chaizvo. Nokuda rakasiyana maumbirwo mvura uye zvokudya zvakakumikidzwa zvose mashizha nemidzi. Zvinomirirwa hunde hunokosha, ichivharira tsinga ichi chinokosha inotungamirira rufu chirimwa. Kune zvakawanda yaibvira maindasitiri chikumbiro, kusanganisira kuveza (matanda, huni, nematanda). Zviri zvakare makazara pulp nokuda papermaking, mune mamwe madzinde kungakurudzira muviri. fibers ayo mbishi muchimiro tiri chikamu chinodhaka, latex, tannins, mavara uye zvakawanda. Dzimwe mhando madzinde inoshandiswa asexual kana vegetative kubereka zvinomera.

A kuwanda mafomu

Kune zviuru mhando miti vane madzinde vane zvikuru zvokurima, zvakadai mbatatisi. Pemashanga shuga nomudonzvo ndiyo huru kunobva shuga. Maple shuga iri yakagadzirwa mumeporo hunde dzacho. Vegetables vaishandisa pemashanga asiparagasi, yemishenjere mabukira, kohlrabi uye mvura Chestnut. Spicy sinamoni - ndiko kuhukura. Chingamu Arabic chinhu chirungiso zvokudya zvinobva nomuti hunde dzacho. Chicle - ichi ndicho chikuru wemafuta kutsenga chingamu, abudisa kubva chicle muti. Kubva sengere kuti mapepa, fenicha, magwa, zviridzwa, tsvimbo hove, mapaipi emvura uye kunyange dzimba. Cork inotengwa kubva omuti ari koko momuoki. Rattan rinoshandiswa kuti fenicha uye matengu akaita kubva madzinde achitsva nemichindwe. The dzokutanga muenzaniso wokushandiswa ichi chinokosha chirimwa ndiyo nhokwe, mukurumbira muIjipiti yekare. Amber - iri Petrified muto kubva muti hunde dzacho, kushandiswa chanaka ingasanganisira zvisaririra zvemhuka zvekare. Resin kubva coniferous huni inoshandiswa kugadzirwa turpentine uye rosin.