Anokosha simbi

nesimbi Precious - kutanga yendarama, sirivha uye Platinum. Havana pasi ngura uye oxidation, uye ichi Anovagarisa kure nedzimwe simbi. reserves yavo diki, asi zvigadzirwa zvavo zvechokwadi rakasiyana nerevamwe. To muchikwata zvinosanganisira anokudzwa uye Platinum nesimbi, akadai palladium, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium uye osmium. Platinum simbi zvakasiyana chafariz pakusimba, ductility, ngura nemishonga, reflectivity uye emissivity, tiri chafariz uye zvemagetsi conductivity uye yakakwirira rinobva maitiro. Izvi akasiyana mumuviri uye makemikari zvivako hazvisi chete nesimbi pachavo, asiwo avo yeimwe uye zvinhu zvavo hwaro: alloys, catalysts, Nezvakakuyiwa, coatings, oxide nemafirimu. Ivo inokosha zvikuru zvemakemikari uye petrochemical maindasitiri, zvemagetsi, magetsi, zvenyukireya uye chombo michina, chiridzwa. nesimbi izvi zvinopa munhu inosimbiswa operative kuvimbwa kadambari, uyewo tambo uye kuzvidzora namano uye zvishandiso.

vanokudzwa nesimbi All vane unhu zvinokosha kuti anodiwa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi siyana kwezvishongo. Kuti ehupfumi akadai softness, ductility, plasticity, akakonzera kubatana kwe kugona pamwe nedzimwe simbi. Nokuda kudhura vakadaidzwa anokosha.

Zvikuru kudhura simbi anokosha - goridhe. Ndiyo chete simbi kuti ane rakajeka yero ruvara zvayo sendarama chimiro. Kana Polish dzayo, uchenjeri uye vachiwedzera. Gold haritorwi mhepo oxidation, husingakwanisi mwando pamusoro payo. Nokuda kwayo tsenneyshemu pfuma - kwemakemikari nemishonga yose boka nesimbi goridhe vakaziva sendarama vanokudzwa. The chishongo indasitiri ndiyo hwaro ndarama anokosha alloys.

Vakawanda vanoda simbi dzinokosha chena, kunyanya zvishongo. ndiyo simbi kwakadaro sirivha. Kuwedzera zvishongo zvesirivha akashandiswa zvaAtemisi Forogo, Banga Nechipunu, crockery. Machine psac sirivha anongokurukurwa nyore. simbi iyi ine ductility, plasticity, malleability. Zvinonzi zvakare dzinoratidzwa mukuru reflectivity naye, chafariz uye zvemagetsi conductivity. A chinokosha chikamu sirivha zvikaramba yaishandiswa zvemagetsi, zvishandiso, nokuti coinage, ari unhani pakati nezvionioni, mune mifananidzo. Mumakore achangopfuura, kukura kwebasa simbi iyi anogara kuwedzera. By mwando sirivha hakusi kugadzikana chaizvo. Zvinovhiringidza zvasviba mimvuri.

Uyewo vanokudzwa nesimbi zvinosanganisira Platinum yaro mazita - weheavy metal uye refractory. Zvakasikwa hapana Platinum wayo sendarama chimiro. Ngachipiwe muchimiro dzinongoitika chiwanikwa nevamwe simbi dzinokosha dzakadai palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium. Platinum ane wakakwirira kwoukukutu kupfuura goridhe uye sirivha. Chemical nemishonga iri shoma sei. Platinum vysokoprobny chiwanikwa iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa zvishongo.

The nemamiriro Platinum boka iri palladium. Its ehupfumi makemikari ose Platinum pazasi. Ane wakanaka, anenge chena. Palladium ndiye lightweight zvikuru, aida kuchinja, uye shoma-kubvunda mapurasitiki kubva Platinum boka simbi. Zvinogona nyore kuva akakungurutsirwa uye vataure waya. Palladium hazvirevi kukanganisa uye zvakakwana amenable kuti makorari. Zvinonzi huri Zvinoumba goridhe yakaderera wegiredhi kuwedzera ayo Anti-ngura ehupfumi.

The Platinum boka nesimbi rinosanganisira rhodium, akafanana ayo chena aruminiyamu rinokwanisa kucheneruka. simbi Izvi dzinoratidzwa zvakaoma, friability. It ane tinoberekwa mukuru reflectivity. Rhodium anonzi mishonga nemishonga simbi. simbi Izvi husingakwanisi migumisiro okisijeni, kuiisa chlorine, sarufa, phosphorus. Chemical uye zvivako rwomuviri rhodium rinoshandiswa yokunamisa zvendarama nesirivha.

Ruthenium - refractory simbi. Kwoukukutu uye brittleness ine uyewo rhodium. Kushandisa kwake nesimbi iri rinowanikwa huchashandiswa, mune diki zvizhinji zvinowanikwa Platinum alloys.

Mumwe Platinum boka simbi iri iridium, iro hunhu izvo zvakafanana hunhu ruthenium uye rhodium. Vose nesimbi, ndiyo imwe akatsiga zvikuru mishonga. Ari kushingaira kushandiswa makemikari indasitiri.

The wokupedzisira mumiririri Platinum boka simbi - osmium. Machine hakuzviisi pasi, mune asidhi insoluble. The osmium alloys hunosumwa kuwedzera zvavo zvemakemikari kuramba neukukutu.