Anti-Semitism - chii? Zvinokonzera Anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism muRussia

Zvakaoma chaizvo zvine musoro kutsanangura chikonzero icho rumwe afunga kuti zviri nani kupfuura imwe. Shoko rokuti "Anti-Semitism" zvinoreva kusawirirana uye mukupesana vechiJudha vanhu. Ngakuonekwe ichi ruvengo anogona hwezuva nezuva muupenyu, tsika, mune zvechitendero, enyika maonero. Unoumba Anti-Semitism anotora vakawanda nokunyombwa, kurambidzwa uye inorambidza kuedza kupedza kuparadzwa (kwedzinza). Nei izvi zvichiitika? Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa, kana kwete, ipapo kanenge unoziva kukura midzi chiitiko ichi.

Kutambudzwa kunobva muchihedheni

Zvino tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti yechihedheni nyika vakanga pautsva matavi ruvengo wokutanga kune muchiJudha. Uye kunyange kana pakanga pasina zvakadai izwi sezvo Anti-Semitism, vaJudha nokuda ichi hapana zvishoma vanodzvinyirirwa. Yechihedheni nyika dzakasiyana-siyana vanamwari, utsinye chaizvo vakanzwisisa chiJudha monotheistic. Kune mabhuku matsime kudanana kubva muzana remakore rechitatu BC, iyo inorondedzera nebope pakati chiJudha zvechihedheni.

Muenzaniso hondo iri basa mupristi Egyptian Manetho. Pano isu tsanangura kurwisana wokutanga uye kudzvinyirirwa vechiJudha vanhu, chokwadi, kutanga Anti-Semitism. Chii chinonzi chitendero monotheistic? It ndizvo zvinotendwa rimwe (kana mumwe) Mwari. Sezvaunoziva, kunzwisisa uye kugamuchira hwakadaro yechitendero maonero zvechihedheni nyika yakanga hazvitomboiti.

Uchapupu kutambudzwa uye mhirizhonga vaburukira kwatiri kubva muGirisi yekare, uye kubva kuRoma yekare. VaJudha vane kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira vachirwira kuzivikanwa kwavo, kuremekedza tsika dzavo uye vakaramba vakaisa pfungwa dzavo. Izvi Kazhinji chakaita kuti vawedzere ruvengo, kunyanya kubva pemarudzi mapfumo simba Rome.

ChiKristu uye chiJudha

Inotungamirwa chiKristu muUmambo hweRoma zvinoshamisa zvakawedzera kutambudzwa nevanhu vechiJudha. Zvino, vaJudha vakasangana zvizere simba kwezvimwe zvitendero. Zvinokonzera Anti-Semitism anogona kuwanikwa nokuverenga Testamende Itsva. VaJudha zvakananga mhosva kurovererwa kwaJesu uye vanonyanyisa kurohwa zvose vechitendero vakatanga kufunga kodzero dzavo kudzvinyirira uye kuparadza vanhu ava. vaparidzi vechiKristu uye vapristi vanoramba akawedzera parafini mumoto ruvengo, kukudziridza mufananidzo muvengi dziite makwai ake.

Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Church akarambidza vaJudha kutakura rinoitirwa, kunyika, kuti vatenge varanda (vaKristu), kuvaka mumasinagogi uye kuti mukawanana nevaKristu. Gare gare, vakamanikidzwa kuzobhabhatidzwa, vakatanga kuparadza anobvumirana neizvi.

Islam uye chiJudha

Vateveri Islam haana nyasha vaJudha. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pakutanga ari 7th remakore AD, paiva Kusanzwisisana pakati Islam uye muvambi yemadzinza yechiJudha, gakava huchisimba panguva iyoyo shoma rinopikisa. Nyika wechiMuzirimu haina utsinye rakazaruka zvakadaro vaJudha, somuKristu.

Anti-Semitism uye dzidzo

Muzana remakore rechi18, kunamata upenyu pachena kuri kudzikira. Mumwe anogona kutarisira kuti simba uye Anti-Semitism. Chii chiripo here? Zvine nyore kurarama vanhu vechiJudha? Changing womuprista cassock kune professorial majasi zvakatungamirira chokuti pasi ruvengo rechitendero rakatanga muchidimbu yesayenzi yechokwadi. pfungwa Scientific akatanga nesimba kuratidza nyika kuti European tsika nemagariro kunobva chete patsika dzechiKristu uye chiJudha, zviri muduku munzira dzose. Zvino nevafungi vakaedza kuuya pasi mhosva hwaro kuti vaJudha vari mutsika chakaremara, uyewo chitendero chavo. Vakatanga kupona reropa rine mitambo, vaipomera kuti matzah iri akakanya pamusoro ropa yechiKristu, asi paiva pfungwa kuti vaJudha vanotsvaka kupedza nyika kutonga.

Rusaruraganda uye Anti-Semitism

Muna 18-19 emakore vakasuwa zvitendero akapa nzira nezvemarudzi. Kutaura zvazviri, kuchinja nhungamiro, asi chaizvoizvo chinoramba zvakafanana. VaJudha vava kuvenga kuti chii vakagara rakavharwa kuti akapoteredza vomunharaunda. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kubva ezvinhu izvi wakabuda vazhinji inozivikanwa masayendisiti, vanochengeta simba uye vakabudirira vatengesi, vakaramba kuti ave netsika vakaderera uye chakaremara.

Dzinonzi, vaJudha vane kuenzana kwekodzero muvanhu kuti zvikwanise kugamuchira dzidzo yakanaka uye vave mabhizimisi avo, asi kazhinji zviri shure kwavo nendege kutukwa chete nokuti pfungwa yakazarawo noruvengo zvino shanje yezvokutengeserana kubudirira pachena. The Kusunungurwa vechiJudha vanhu, panzvimbo anokarirwa hwokuyananisa, akauyisa kumboitika sefungu yaiparadza.

More uye zvakawanda zvakava pachena sei nengozi Anti-Semitism. Chii zvakadai zvingaitika muvanhu kuti vanhu vakafirwa chiso chomunhu, uye rakazvibvumirawo muzvirongwa pogroms Anti-vechiJudha? Ko kuipa hurumende murume vafa mukadzi uye mwana chete nokuti vaJudha? Noutsinye pogroms yakaitika muPoland, Russia, neUkraine. Asi Germany pachinhu ichi chabva nomumumvuri. Pane akatanga kubuda wose Anti-oukuru nebato, ipapo Anti-Semitism vatora panguva zvemitemo chechetere.

Anti-Semitism muGermany

sei iwe vanokwanisa nokubatanidza ideologists German mupfungwa rusaruraganda uye Anti-Semitism? Chii dzavo pfungwa yakanga rusaruraganda zvachose? Raiva mubvunzo enyika pfungwa, pfungwa iyi ingaita iyo - weboka vanhu vakasiyana utachiona mapoka. The inonatsa kuitwa zvokunze nezviratidzo, ndiko kuti, ruvara bvudzi, maziso uye ganda, yepamhino pamusoro chimiro uye mamiriro muviri. rudzi nomumwe vakanga anonzi dzakasiyana-siyana uye hwepfungwa features, uyewo mamwe maitiro yokuzvibata.

Racists tenda kuti kudzidzisa uye rokuvandudza nemagariro vamiririri mamwe marudzi mapoka maturo, havagoni kunzwisisa kuchinja nani. VokuGermany pachavo sezvo nhengo Aryan rudzi kusimudzwa pamusoro pokumuka murefu vaJudha rakava sevakaderera marudzi.

Unotyisa munhoroondo vanhu rava mubatanidzwa yakadai, sezvo kwechiFascist Anti-Semitism. By pacharo, fascism - zvakasimba anomanikidza nheyo hurumende, papfungwa marudzi ukuru. Hitler kunyange kuisa mberi dzidziso kuti Aryan - chaiyo yevanhu kumumvuri zvachose. Vose vari chete akamirira Aryan rudzi vakauya uye akasimbisa kutonga kwake pamusoro pavo.

Holocaust

Ekunyebera racists vakati mumuviri nomupfungwa remara vanhu, uyewo vamiririri vemamwe marudzi vasina kukosha uye anofanira vatsakatiswe.

Kubva musi dzidziso iyi, vaJudha vaifanira kuparadzwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuvakwa namahwindo nzvimbo (ghettos) uye mumisasa yevasungwa. In yose, makumi ezviuru establishments akadaro dzakavakwa muHondo Yenyika II. "Mubvunzo The Jewish" pamwe pakunamata yeNazi Germany kwakasarudzwa sezvinotevera:

• VaJudha vose vaiva kuti kusimbiswa namahwindo cram;
• anofanira kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe marudzi;
• VaJudha vakanga kunyimwa chero mukana kuita vanhu;
• Vakasagona vane pfuma kuti ikavharwa kana kungoti rakaparadzwa;
• VechiJudha nokusingaperi kuneta uye kuneta kuti mushandire basa vakava chete wokuti kuramba upenyu.

Vanhu German vakatsigira Fuehrer kwavo mukuedza kuparadza rudzi rwose. Misa Anti-Semitism akaita Holocaust zvichibvira, panguva iyo vanopfuura 60% yose vechiJudha vakawanda Europe chakaparadzwa. Pamutemo vaiona vakaurayiwa nevaNazi mamiriyoni 6 vaJudha, mumwe munhu aiziva panguva muNuremberg miedzo. Izvi, chete akakwanisa kumisa mazita mamiriyoni 4. Disparity iri nhamba nokuti vaJudha vakaparadza vemunharaunda yose, pasina mukana kuudza pamusoro nhamba yevanhu uye mazita avo.

Anti-Semitism muRussia

Zvinosuruvarisa Russia haana wakapukunyuka Anti-Semitism. Vavengi vaJudha aiti ichi parasitic maatomu akafanana maigara vanoparadza runodiwa. Ndiwo maonero Slavophiles, Ukrainian vezvourudzi uye populists. A yenhoroondo youmambo Russia hunonyatsobatana kuti Anti-oukuru kufamba. VaJudha dzakanga dzakamanikidzwa mune kodzero dzavo uye kuwana rinoitirwa.

Anti-oukuru mashoko takatadza vanyori vakawanda vakakurumbira vakadai Dostoevsky. The echimurenga vakawanda vaiva vavengi vake vaJudha Somuenzaniso, Bakunin. Zvinosuruvarisa Anti-Semitism muRussia vaipfeka hwehasha chimiro, zviri nyore zvikuru chete mhosva matambudziko avo vose vaJudha.

Anti-Semitism muna USSR

Zviremera zveSoviet kurwisa Anti-oukuru. Asi kuti vagutsikane vanhu, zvakajairwa kuvenga vaJudha uye kuti mhosva pamusoro pamatambudziko avo ose, zvakanga kuoma. Munguva yose NEP, idzodzi wakawedzera zvinokosha, sezvo vaJudha vakanga vakabudirira uye kushingaira upfumi basa. Huni dzomoto yokudira hombe pamberi vaJudha panhengo bato functionaries. The maonero aiva kuti chimurenga akunda navo chete.

Mushure kusaina chibvumirano ne Hitler anotaura dambudziko Anti-Semitism kwasvika pasina, uye chiedza matambudziko vaJudha kumbotaurawo nzvimbo muGermany.

Nhasi, pasinei nokutambura vechiJudha vanhu, Anti-Semitism haina kunyatsodzurwa. Vanhu zvimwe vanofunga kuti vane kodzero kuti zvitungamirire kuti rudzi rwose, sei kuvaka upenyu hwavo, kuti kuitisa dzechitendero netsika, umo mazuva zororo. Ndiani akavapa kodzero? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, sezvo pasina chikonzero chinangwa kuedza kubvisa uye kuparadza vanhu vakasiyana nemaonero upenyu.