Monotheistic zvitendero. Mhedziso ye "chitendero chezvitendero"

Chitendero cheMonotheistic sechimiro chekuona kwechitendero chakaonekwa kare kare kusati kwatanga kwemazuva edu uye chakamirira zvose kuva munhu waMwari, uye mumiririro uye kugoverwa kwe masimba ose ezvisikwa nehana imwe egregor. Dzimwe dzidziso dzenyika dzichaita kuti Mwari ave munhu uye unhu hwake; Vamwe vanosimudza chete huMwari huri pamusoro pevamwe. Somuenzaniso, Orthodox ChiKristu chitendero chechimwechete, chinobva pamufananidzo wemutatu Mwari.

Kuti ujekese tsika yakadaro yakaoma yezvitendero zvezvitendero, zvakakosha kufungisisa izwi iro pachako kubva pane zvimwe zvinhu. Pano inofanira kurangarirwa kuti nyika yose zvitendero zvezvitendero ndezvimwe zvitatu. Aya ndiwo maAbrahama, East Asia zvitendero uye zvitendero zveAmerica. Kutaura zvazviri, chitendero chechimwechete hachisi chimwe chinoenderana nekushanda kwemapoka ezvitendero, asi ane mwari mukuru anotarisa kupfuura mamwe.

Mazano pamusoro pekusiyana kwaMwari

Zvitendero zveMonotheistic zvine mazano maviri mazano - anosanganisira uye akasiyana. Maererano nekutanga-akabatanidza - nheyo, Mwari anogona kuva nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvehuMwari, kunze kwekuti vanobatana mukati rose egregore. Nyaya yega yega inopa chifananidzo chaMwari neunhu huri huno.

Ichi chimiro chinoreva yakadzika isiri homogeneity. Somuenzaniso, kunyengera kunotora kubva pamabasa eMusiki weMweya pakarepo mushure mekusikwa kwenyika uye kunotsigira pfungwa yekusabatanidzwa kwemasimba asina simba mukati mekusimudzirwa kwezvose; Pantheism inoreva hutsvene hweChiripo pachahwo uye inoramba kutaridzika kweanthropomorphic uye chimiro chaMwari; Unhu, pane zvinopesana, hunobatanidza pfungwa yakawanda yehupo hweMusiki uye kubata kwake kushanda mumatongerwo enyika.

Dzidziso dzeNyika Yekare

Ijipiti chekare chitendero chechimwechete, kune rumwe rutivi, chaiva rudzi rwechimwechete; Kune rumwe rutivi, rwaivawo nehuwandu huzhinji hwemachechi emunharaunda akabatanidzwa. Chiedza chekubatanidza machechi aya ose pasi pemumwe mwari mumwe chete uyo akatsigira Farao neEgypt akaitwa naAkhenaten muzana remakore rekutanga BC. Mushure mekufa kwake, zvitendero zvezvechitendero zvakadzokera kune imwe yekare ye polytheism.

Kuedza kugadzirisa hutungamiri hwemwari uye kuhuisa kune mumwe munhu wekufananidzira wakagadzirwa nevazivi vechiGiriki Xefan naHesiod. Mu "State" Plato inotarisira kutsvaga Chokwadi chisina kumira, chinotyisa nezvinhu zvose zviri munyika. Gare gare, pamusana pezvibvumirano zvake, vamiririri vechiGiriki echiGiriyedhi vakaedza kugadzirisa maitiro aPlaton uye pfungwa dzechiJudha pamusoro paMwari. Mucherechedzo wechinangwa chekutenda kweumwechete kwechimiro chaMwari chinoreva nguva yekare.

Monotheism muchiJudha

Kubva pamaonero edzidziso dzechiJudha, hukuru hwekutenda humwe humwe hwakaparadzwa mukugadzirwa kwevanhu kuburikidza nekuparara kwayo kuva machechi akawanda. ChiJudha chemazuva ano sechitendero chechimwechete chinoramba zvachose kuvapo kwemasimba ose kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira vanamwari kunze kwekutonga kweMusiki.

Asi munhoroondo yaro, chiJudha chakanga chisina nguva dzose chine dzidziso yakadaro. Uye matanho ekutanga ekubudirira kwaro akaitika pasi pehutano hwekutenderera kwemunhu - kutenda kwevanhu vakawanda mumusorosoro wemwari mukuru pamusoro pechipiri.

Nyika dzezvitendero zvekunamata, dzakadai sechiKristu neIslam, dzakabva muchiJudha.

Tsanangudzo yechirevo muchiKristu

ChiKristu chinotungamirirwa neTestamente yekare Abrahamic nheyo yekutendeseka kwemamwechete uye Mwari seiye oga wezvisikwa. Zvisinei, chiKristu chitendero chechimwechete, iyo nzira huru iyo inounzira mairi pfungwa yevatatu Mwari muzviratidzo zvitatu - hypostases - Baba, Mwanakomana uye Mweya Mutsvene. Iyi dzidziso yeUtatu inokonzera unhu hutsika kana hutatu hwekuita kwechiKristu neIslam neChiJudha. Sezvo chiKristu pachacho chinoramba chiripo, "chitendero chechimwechete" sechirevo chinonyatsoratidzwa muchirevo chayo chekutanga, asi pfungwa chaiyo yehutendisiti yakadzokororwa zvakare nevadzidzisi vezvebhaibheri kusvikira yakarambwa neChristian Council of Nicaea. Zvisinei, pakati pevanyori vezvakaitika kare kune pfungwa yokuti muRussia paive nevateveri veOrthodox maitiro airamba katatu Mwari, iyo yakatsigirwa naIvan wechitatu.

Nokudaro, chikumbiro che "kutsanangura chirevo chechitendero chechimwechete" chinogona kufara nekuunza tsanangudzo yekutenda Mwari mumwechete sekutenda muna Mwari mumwe chete uyo anogona kunge ane huwandu huwandu munyika ino.

Islamic Monotheistic Views

Islam inonyanya kushandiswa kune mumwechete. Nheyo yekutendeseka kwemamwechete inoparidzwa muShongwe Yokutanga Yekutenda: "Hapana huMwari kunze kwaAriah, uye Muhammad ndiye muporofita wake." Nokudaro, chirevo chekuparadzanisa uye kuvimbika kwaMwari - Tawhid - iri mumurairo wayo wekutanga, uye miitiro yose, tsika uye mabasa ezvitendero zvinodanwa kuti kuratidze Kuenzana uye Kuvimbika kwaMwari (Allah).

Chivi chikuru muIslam ndechechipiri - kuenzanisa vamwe vanamwari uye hukama na Allah - chivi ichi hachikanganwirwi.

Maererano neIslam, vese vaporofita vakuru vanozviti monotheism.

Zvimwe Zvizivo zveBahá'í

Ichi chitendero chinobva muShiite Islam, nhasi vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanozviona sechimiro chega, asi muIslam pachayo inonzi inotendeseka chitendero, uye vateveri vayo munharaunda yehurumende dzeMuslim vakambotambudzwa.

Zita rokuti "Baha'i" rinobva kumuvambi wechitendero cheBhaha'u'llah ("Kubwinya kwaMwari") - Mirza Hussein Ali, uyo akaberekwa muna 1812 mumhuri yezvizvarwa zveimba youmambo hwePersia.

Bahaism is strictly monotheistic. Anotaura kuti zvose kuedza kuziva Mwari zvichava zvisina maturo uye hazvina maturo. Kuwirirana pakati pevanhu naMwari ndeye "Epiphany" - vaporofita.

Chimwe chinhu chevaBahá's sekudzidzisa kwechitendero ndiko kuonekwa pachena kwezvitendero zvose sezvokwadi, uye kuna Mwari seumwe mune zvose.

Hinduistic uye Sikh monotheism

Hasi nyika dzose dzezvitendero zvezvitendero zvine zvimwe zvakafanana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana enyika, mupfungwa uye kunyange zvezvematongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, hazvibviri kutora kufanana pakati pekutenda kwechiKristu chechiKristu nechiHindu. Hinduism inzira huru yemitambo yakasiyana-siyana, zvitendero, tsika dzenyika dzenyika, mafilosofi uye mazano anobva pakuzvipira kune mumwechete, kutenderera mberi kwevanhu, kutenderera kwevanhu uye kunyatsoenderana nemitauro yekunyora uye kunyora. Sangano rakakura rakawanda rechitendero rakanyatsokonzerwa nekudzikamwa kwekodhi yeIndia society. Mumiririri mumiririri weHindu huri hwakaoma zvikuru - vose vanamwari vakabatanidzwa mumubati mumwechete uye vakagadzirwa neMusiki mumwe.

Sikhism, sechimiro chechiHindu, inotsigirawo chirevo chekutendeseka kwemweya mune zvinyorwa zvayo "Mwari mumwechete kune vose", umo Mwari anozarura zvinhu zveMadziro uye chimiro chaMwari chinogara mumunhu wese. Nyika yepanyika haina kunyengera, Mwari ari munguva.

ChiShayina system yezvidzidzo zvepasi

Kubvira muna 1766 BC, tsika dzevanhu veChinese dzomumambo dzakabva dzava kunamata Shang-Di - "mwari mukuru", "Mwari" - kana denga sesimba guru (Tan). Nokudaro, chiChinese chekare nyika yenyika ndiyo rudzi rwechitendero chekutanga chechimwe chevanhu chakange chiripo zvisati zvavapo Buddhism, ChiKristu neIslam. Mwari pano munhu akafanirwa, asi haana kuwana fomu yemuviri, iyo inofananidzwa neChang-Di ne moism. Zvisinei, chitendero ichi hachisi chechimiro mune zvese-mukati mega-zvo pane imwe nzvimbo yaive nenzvimbo yezvinyorwa zviduku zvepasi zvakasarudza maitiro ezvinhu zvenyika.

Nokudaro, chikumbiro "chinotsanangura chirevo che" chitendero chezvitendero "chinogona kutaurwa kuti chitendero chakadaro chinoratidzirwa nekunamata-nyika yeMaya yekunze inongova chinyengeri, uye Mwari anozadza nguva yose yenguva.

Uyo Uyo Mwari muZoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism haana kumbosimbisa pfungwa yekujekesa kunamata kwemamwe, kuenzanisa pakati pehutatu uye huMwari humwechete. Maererano nedzidziso yake, iyo yakapararira muzana remakore rechipiri BC paIrish, mwari mukuru iyeye ndiye Ahura Mazda. Mukupikisana nayo kunepo uye inobata Angra Mainyu - mwari worufu nerima. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kupisa moto weAhura Mazda mukati make uye kumuparadza iye naAngra Mainyu.

Zoroastrianism yakave yakakanganisika pakuvandudzika kwemaonero ezvitendero zvaAbhurahama.

America. Monotheism yeInas

Kune chimiro chekutenda kwemamato kwechitendero chevanhu veAndean, apo nzira yekubatanidza vamwari vose kuva mufananidzo wemwari vanonzi Vicarochi, somuenzaniso, kubvumirana kweVicarochi pachake, muumbi wenyika, naPacha-Kamak, muumbi wevanhu, vari kuitika.

Nokudaro, nokuita tsananguro inotsanangurwa mukupindura kwechikumbiro "tsanangudzo pfungwa yechitendero chechimwechete," inofanira kutaurwa kuti mune dzimwe dzidziso dzechitendero, vanamwari vane mabasa akafanana vanozopedzisira vava mufananidzo mumwe.