Zheltovodsky Makarev Monastery: ungasvika seiko? Nhoroondo, tsanangudzo, zvivakwa

Kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweVolga, munharaunda yeLyskovsky yeNizhny Novgorod nzvimbo Zheltovodsky Makarev Monastery iripo, iyo mifananidzo yayo, inowanikwa munyaya yacho, inopupurira zvakakwana kuti zvakakodzera kufungidzirwa chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisisa muRussia. Girazi-chena masvingo eimba yemamongi, sekunge ichibuda mumvura, asingazviiti kubereka chiyeuchidzo chechifananidzo cheguta reKitezh, uye evhangeri inobva kwavari inongowedzera kushamwaridzana. Zvisinei, mushure mekunaka kwakanaka kwakadaro kune nguva refu uye yakazara nenyaya inoshamisa.

Nezvekuti Zheltovodsky Makariev Monastery yakazvarwa sei

Iyi nhoroondo inoshuma kuti muna 1435 moni weCaves of Nizhny Novgorod, Makarii, nechikomborero chehegumen, akasiya hugaro hwake ndokubva atora basa rekuparara kweupenyu hwegwenga kumhenderekedzo yeJune Lake, yaiva pedyo neVolga. Nezita regungwa uye nzvimbo yose yainzi Yellow Waters. Ikoko, pakati pemasango neminda, akazvicheka sero uye, achisiya nyika isina maturo, akazvipa kuzvipira nekunyengetera.

Asi zvakaitika kuti chiedza chechokwadi chaMwari hachisi chakavanzika, uye munguva pfupi nhau dzekushungurudzika dzakapararira kunharaunda yeruwa, uye vanhu vakanyengera kumusungo wavo wega wega pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Vamwe, vakasika munyengetero pamwe naye, vakadzokera kunyika, uye vamwe, vave vagamuchira mvumo, vakagara ndokugadzirira ivo vagari vemo pedyo. Nenguva isipi pamwe chete, madonki akachera kereke yehuni, achiiisa muzita reUtatu Utatu. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba musha wemasvingo, panzvimbo yave makore akawanda gare gare akamira pamabhandi eVolga Holy Trinity Makaryevsky Zheltovodsky monastery.

Kuparadzwa kwevahedheni uye kutapwa kwevagari vayo

Asi kwenguva pfupi yakafanirwa kugara munzvimbo ino Monk Makarii nehama dzake. Makore mana bedzi apfuura kubva pavakagara muMvura yeMvura, sezvo Ishe akatendera Tatar Khan Ulu-Muhammad achiparadza nyika yeNizhny Novgorod uye pamwechete nevamwe vatsvene vedzimba dzakaparadza uye vakapisa musha wechitemberi wakangobva kugadzirwa. Vakawanda vemamongi vakafira kutenda kubva kuvavengi, uye avo vakakundwa neTatar sabers nemiseve zvakabiwa zvizere.

Pakati pevamwe varanda vaiva Monk Makarios. Uye kutengeswa kwaari muuranda, kana kwete Khan inotyisa. Bhasurmanina akarova kuzvininipisa kwakadzika, akadururirwa mumhando dzose dzomutorwa akabatwa, uye nyasha dzisina kufara dzaipenya mumeso ake. Achinetsa mauto akauya nevakasungwa kwaari, akanzwa kwavari kuti pamberi pake kwakanga kune munhu asina kumbokuvadza munhu uye akaedza zvose munzira kuti aite zvakanaka kwete shamwari dzake chete mudambudziko, asi kunyange kune avo vakamudzinga akasungwa neguruva Mugwagwa.

Rusununguko rusingatarisiri uye matambudziko matsva

Akagadzirwa nezvaainzwa, mukomana akaraira murindi kuti asunungurire monki munyoro ndokumupa rusununguko. Akatsanangura chisarudzo chake nekuti Mwari ndiye mumwe wevose, pasinei nokuti rudzi rwekutenda munhu munhu anogara mairi, acharanga pasina kana munhu anokonzera kukuvadza kune munhu wakarurama. Akasunungura Makarii kune rusununguko, iye pakukumbira kwekupedzisira akamupa kuti aende naye pamwe navamwe varanda, kusanganisira vakadzi vazhinji vane vana.

Mune rimwe chete, Khan chete ndiye aisakundikana - akadzivisa kudzorerwa kwechitemberi chakakanganiswa paJena Lake. Hapana munhu aiziva kuti makore zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe apfuura, uye Zheltovodsky Makariev Monastery yaizodzorerwa kune imwe nzvimbo yekare, asi panguva iyoyo vatongi, avo vakanga vagamuchira rusununguko rwakanaka uye rusingafungirwi, vakanga vasingasarudze kunze kwekutsvaga kuwana nzvimbo itsva yeimba yavo.

Kuguma kwekutenderera

Yakareba uye yakaoma yaiva nzira yavo kunyika yavo yekuzvarwa. Ari munzira, Monk Makarii neshamwari dzake vakasvika panzvimbo yakanaka, iri pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi rwaSviyaga. Yakanga yakakodzera chaizvo kuvaka dzimba mitsva. Pano, zvisikwa pachazvo zvakavada, nekusika gomo duku, rakakomberedzwa pamativi matatu nemakomo uye rakashambidzwa nerwizi. Asi nharaunda iyi yaive yeKazan khan, uye iye, paakaziva nezvekuonekwa kwaaiva nemamongi eOrthodox, akavarayira kuti vaende.

Kwenguva yakareba kwaive kune mamiri, kusvikira pakupedzisira vasvika kunyika dzeKostroma uye havana kumira muguta reUnge. Avo vakadzoka kubva kutapwa hweTatar, nguva dzose vakagamuchirwa muRussia nehurumende, uye sezvo avo vekare vasungwa vakanga vari vanhu vaMwari, ivo vaibatwa nekunzwira tsitsi, uye kuMakarii - nekuremekedza kwakasimba.

Nheyo dzeimba itsva yevatongi

Asi moni, kure nemanzwiro ekuremekedzwa kwenyika, akafunga kuti zvakanga zvakanaka kuenda kumusango murenje. Ikoko, zvishanu gumi nemashanu kubva muguta, akatanga nheyo itsva, yekare yechipiri Zheltovodsky Makariev monastery. Nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvaro zvakanyatsodzokorora zvose zvakaitika makore akawanda apfuura paJena Lake. Nokukurumidza kusara kwegwenga kwaishungurudzwa neavo vaida kugovana naye monastic feat, uye nekuda kweizvozvo masero akaonekwa zvakare musango dema, shure kwavo kereke yehuni, uye pakupedzisira boka rakagadzirwa.

Panguva iyo Monk Makarios akanga asvika pakwegura, uye muna 1444, paaiva nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe namashanu, akazorora norugare. Nguva pfupi izvi zvisati zvamboitika, achitarisira kuparadzaniswa kwepedyo kubva kuhama, akafurira kuvana vake vemweya kuti vadzoke, apo paiva nekwanisika, kuJapan Lake, kuenda kunzvimbo iyo Tatar Khan yakanga yavatora, uye kutamisa Zheltovodsky Makariev Monastery ikoko.

Muromsky monk - mutongi wemurairo weMonk Makarii

Zvakatora anenge anenge mazana maviri emakore. Uye nguva yasvika apo Ishe vakakomborera vatenzi vakavimbika kuti vadzoke zvakare masero avo pamahombekombe eJune Lake. Ichi chiitiko chinosanganiswa nezita raAbhurahama Zheltovodsky - mutongi weimwe yevarume veMurom, iyo isina kuve yakatarwa kusvika kure kune vatsvene, asi yakagamuchira mukusafa kusingaperi sechiito chake.

Kubvira achiri mwana, mweya wake wakanga uchirwara nemataresi akaparadzwa, aigara achinyengetera pamberi pechiratidzo cheSt. Macarius, achikumbira kubata kwake kudenga mune chikonzero chekudzorera. Izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mutendi anozvipira akagamuchira chimwe chiratidzo chokuti munyengetero wake wakanzwika uye kuti nyasha dzaMwari dzaizomubatsira mubasa iri rakanaka.

Kuvandudzwa kwemuzinda wechitemberi nehutano hwepamutemo

Kuita runyora kubva pane chiratidzo chaakagamuchira aya mashoko akanaka, Abhurahama nemamwe machoni kubva kuhama dzechimona vakauya kuJune Lake uye, mushure mokunyengetera nemwoyo wose kuna Ishe, vakatanga kudzorera imba yemamongi pamadota akare. Vanhu vemunharaunda, vachida kupa chikamu kune chikonzero ichi chakanaka, vakavabatsira.

Kubwinya kukuru mukubudirira kwebasa rakakosha ndeyomunhu anonyengedzera Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich - mutongi wekutanga wemhuri yaRomanov. Kushanyira musha wemusitori weUnzhenskaya muna 1619 uye kudzidza nezvechivimbiso chevamoni chakanga chakavanzika chekuita mhepo yavo yepamusoro uye iyo Monk Makarii yakagadzira musha wake wekutanga, akavapa zvose zvingabatsira. Mambo haana kungovatsigira nemurairo wake, asi akapiwa rubatsiro rwakanyanya. Pakupedzisira, mamiriro eimba yemamende yakagadzirirwa muna 1628 nedhipatimendi reMukuru wepamusoro weMoscow Filaret.

Makore ekubudirira kweimba yemamongi

Asi kwete vatenzi vepanyika chete vakapa rubatsiro rwavo kumusha wematari. Nyasha yaMwari yakanga yakawandawo maari. Kuda kweWekumusoro-soro Volga pakupedzisira kwakashandura mararamiro ayo, kunyatsopisa Yellow Lake, uye Zheltovodsky Makariev Monastery, saka, yaiva pamahombekombe erwizi rukuru rweRussia, iyo yaiva imwe yemitsetse inofamba-famba yeRussia.

Nzvimbo yakadaro yemunharaunda yakabatanidzwa kune chokwadi chokuti nekufamba kwenguva panyika yavo yakatanga kurongedza zviitiko, zita remamatare anonzi Makarevsky. Sezvo vagari vemunharaunda, vatongi vaiva nekodzero yekuunganidza mari yekutengeserana - zvikwereti zvakakosha zvikuru, izvo zvakavabvumira kuvaka zvivako zvematombo akawanda muimba yevatemberi kwenguva pfupi uye kuronga zvikuru mararamiro avo ezuva nezuva.

Kupera uye kubviswa kwechimbadha

Iyi nguva inofadza yakaramba ichienderera kusvikira muna 1817, kusvikira Ishe achibvumira kuendesa mberi, izvo zvakazadzikisa zvakanyanya mari yemari yevatemberi, kuNizhny Novgorod. Ikoko vakatora chikamu chikuru, vachichengetedza zita ravo rekare. Zvisinei, imba yemamari Makari Zheltovodskogo, iyo yakarasikirwa nenheyo yayo huru yemari, yakatanga kuderera. Nokufamba kwemazuva, akagamuchira chimiro chepamusoro-soro.

Dambudziko, sezvinozivikanwa, harisi kuuya roga, uye mushure memakore mashomanana, moto wakaputika mumasvingo ayo, kuparadza zvizhinji zvezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevatongi vakavaka pamusoro pemakore. Svondo Yitsvene haina kumboona zvakakosha kudzorera imba yemamende, uye yakabviswa. Zvidhori nemidziyo, zvakachengetedzwa kubva mumoto, zvakarayirwa kutamira kuSt. Nicholas Cathedral St. Alexander Nevsky.

Kudzorerwa kwemamende kwakange kuri muna 1883, mushure mokunge kwava kutonga pachigaro cheMwari ane rudo, Changamire Alexander III, asi sekare seTroitsky Makariy Zheltovodsky mhondi yevakadzi. Kubvira zvino zvichienda mberi, vagari varo vakava hanzvadzi, avo vaida kusiya zvinhu zvisina maturo zvenyika inoparara ndokuzvipira nomwoyo wose kushumira kwaMwari.

Njodzi yegore regumi nemanomwe

Kubva pamagwaro akauya kwatiri, zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga kweApocalypse, iyo Russia yakava muna 1917, kwaiva nevanopfuura 300 vagari vanogara muimba yemamende, uye yakanga iri pakati pevakanyatsokodzera munyika. Zvisinei, mumafungiro avo kumataresi, uyewo zvachose kuOrthodoxy, maBolshevik akasiyana zvishoma kubva kuna Khan weUlu-Mohammed, uyo akamborwisa Makarevsky moni.

Sezvo mazana emakore apfuura mapoka evaranda akatamira mumigwagwa ine guruva yeRussia, uye muzana ramakore rechimakumi echelons asina kugadzikana evanhu vakadzvinyirirwa, kusanganisira vakadzi vakachema mumatambudziko emadhonas, vakaendeswa kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Asi, kusiyana nemazita evahedheni avo vakambopa rusununguko kuMonk Makarii, uye pamwe naye mazana evanhu vokuRussia, maKhans evanhu vemazuva ano havana tsitsi, uye vazhinji vavo vakatapwa havana kumboona nzvimbo dzavo dzekuzvarwa zvakare.

Kuvakwa kwemasvingo kwakabva kwave kushandiswa mune zvido zvemari. Pane imwe nguva, purazi-kuzadza zvipfuwo yakanga iri munharaunda yekare yaimbova temberi, uye mombe dzakachengetwa munzvimbo yaimbova temberi dzaMwari.

Nguva yenguva yakareba yakamirira

Asi kunyombwa uko Mwari akatsungirira nekuda kwezvivi zvevanhu hakuna kuramba nokusingaperi. Mhepo itsva yeperestroika yakasvikawo kuGoli yeVolga. Muna 1991, nehurumende yehurumende, Zheltovodsky Makariev Monastery, avo ma tempile panguva iyoyo vakange vauya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, vakatamirwa kunzvimbo yeNizhny Novgorod diocese. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, kushanda kwake kwakatanga kwakatanga.

Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, Sinodi Dzvene yakabudisa chirevo chekuti Zheltovodsky Makarev Monastery yakanga ichitangazve basa rayo, yakambovhiringidzika nemakumi emakore ekudavira kuna Mwari obscurantism. Vokutanga pavagari vayo vakange vari masisita makumi maviri nemashanu vaida kuenda kune dzimwe dzimba dzemunyika.

Nhasi Zheltovodsky Makarev Monastery, ane kero: Nizhny Novgorod region., Lyskovskiy rn, pos. Makaryevo, ndeimwe yevakakurumbira uye yakashanwa nevashanyi vemamongi eRussia. Gore roga roga iro rine mazana ezviuru zvevaeni vanobva munyika yose. Uye izvi zvakasikwa, kubva pano, pamahombekombe eVolga, vashanyi vari kupupurira kubatana kwehukuru hwemweya hwekutenda kweOrthodox pamwe nekunakidza kwekuvakwa kwayo kwetembere.

Nharaunda yemunharaunda yakakomberedzwa nemasvingo ane simba echisimba, yakasimbiswa nevarindi. Mukati mavo, chivakwa chekugadzira ndiyo yakakwirira yeUtatu Cathedral, mukuvakwa kweChedralral Dormition yeMoscow Kremlin yakatorwa semuenzaniso. Mukuwedzera, chivako chinosanganisira monastic chinosanganisira mamwe mashanu maatemberi, akavakwa panguva dzakasiyana, asi akabatanidzwa nehana inowanika pfungwa.

Chii chinoshandiswa neimba yemasasa yakashanwa naZheltovodsky Makariev

Kuongorora kwevaya vakamboshanyira imba yemamendari, munogona kuverenga mubhuku revatongi rinonyanya kugadzirirwa chinangwa ichi, uyewo pane zvinyorwa zvezvizivo zviri muimba yevatariri. Vakawanda vanopemberesa hupamhi hwehutano hwemashumiro mumachechi uye vanobhadhara zvakanyanya basa rekuimba rakanyorwa nehanzvadzi dzemunharaunda.

Kazhinji, zvinyorwa zvinotaura chokwadi chokuti nhuni dzinopindura mutsa uye mutsa kune chero mubvunzo kana chikumbiro kubva kune vashanyi vemunharaunda. Muhuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinyorwa zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuratidzwa kwechigarire pamberi pekunaka kwekunaka kwekutonga muimba yemamende, uko masvingo ekare uye dome rematende echando echando achikwira kumatenga akabatanidzwa mukusawirirana kusina kubvumirana nerwizi rukuru rwave rwuri chiratidzo cheRussia kubvira kare.

Iwe unogona kusvika kumataresi nechikepe kubva kuNizhny Novgorod. Avo vanoshuva kushandisa nyika yekufambisa vanofanira kufamba kubva kuchiteshi chebhasi cheSchercherka kuenda kuguta reLyskovo, uye vozoenderera mberi vachienda kunzvimbo yemamiti nechomboti chichibva kubva pakurwa kwayo.