Aphorism chii? Izwi rechirevo chezwi rokuti "aphorism"

Aphorism is aphorism yakaitika kare kare. Sayenzi, iyo inobata nekudzidza kwayo, inonzi aphoristic. Anobvunza mubvunzo unokosha: "Akaonekwa rini mumabhuku? Uyu pfungwa inozivikanwa kwenguva yakareba here kana kuonekwa munguva ichangopfuura? "Kuti upe mhinduro yekrete kumubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kudzidza nhoroondo. Zvisinei, iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera uye funga zvinhu zviviri: aphorism semhando uye sezwi.

Kuonekwa kwea aphorism semashoko

Iyi pfungwa inozivikanwa kwenguva refu. Kudzoka muzana remakore rechi5 BC. E. Hippocrates, musayendisiti wekare wechiGiriki, akadana chirongwa chemishonga aporisms. Akazivisa pamusoro pezviongorori uye zviratidzo zveimwe zvirwere, pamwe nekudzivirira uye kuvarapa. Nhasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva maaprisisms akadaro: "Upenyu ihwo hudiki, uye unhu huripo nokusingaperi", "Usaita zvakaipa - hauzove uri mukutya kusingaperi", nezvimwewo. Antiquity bhuku rinogonawo kutaura nezvekushandiswa kweiyi pfungwa. Masayendisiti eGermany P. Rekvadt, F. Schalk akaratidza kuti shoko iri harina kungobatsira chete mune zvehutano, asi zvakare rakashandiswa sezwi rakachenjera, gnome, maxim, uyewo sechidimbu uye chidimbu.

Kutangisa kwechirevo mune sciences dzakasiyana-siyana

Muzana remakore rechi8, Dante akatsigira kuti "aphorism" ishoko rezvokurapa. Nokufamba kwenguva, yakatanga kupararira kune mamwe mashizha. Akatanga kuonekwa mune zvesayenzi yepanyama, zvematongerwo enyika, mafirosofi, nemitemo. Tacitus akafanofananidza kuchinja kwema aphorism kubva kuchiremba kuenda kunebazi rezvematongerwo enyika. Pano akafananidza muviri wemunhu kuhurumende, iyo yaida kurapwa nenzira dzetsika nemishonga. Antonio Perez aidavira kuti iyo aphorism ndezvematongerwo enyika ezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pemitemo. Vakawanda vanotsvakurudza vanodavira kuti vane mavara uye nyanzvi.

Nhanganyaya kumabhuku echiRussia

Muzana remakore rechi18 chete muRussia pane maonero akadaro. Izvo zvinoreva izwi rokuti "aphorism" rakashandurwa kubva pakuona kwemishonga nemabhuku. Kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 kwakaratidzwa nekuonekwa kwemabhuku akazozivikanwa sea aphorisms. Nokudaro, K. Smitten akabudisa sangano rainzi "Aphorisms, kana Sarudzo dzakasiyana dzeVanyori Vakasiyana ...". Zvadaro zvakatanga kuoneka mabhuku ane mazwi akadaro, uye gare gare iyi yakazova yakakurumbira zvikuru. Paiva nemakokoro akawanda aiva nemashoko evanyori vakasiyana-siyana. Mushure mekufarira zvishoma zvishoma, uye pamagumo ezana remakore rechi20 kune mabhuku ainzi "aphorisms". Nhasi, izwi iri rinongororwa chete mumutauro wekare.

Nhoroondo yea aphorism semhando

Nhoroondo yea aphorism semhando inonzi yakanyanya kufikisana uye yakaoma, asi panguva imwechete uye yakakosha kudarika nyaya yapfuura. Pamubvunzo wekuti izwi rokuti aphorism rinorevei semhando, hakuna munhu anogona kupindura zvisina kufanira. MuGermany, inofungidzirwa kuti yakabva mumabhuku ezuva ranhasi uye haina chokuita nehupenyu. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinopikisa kuti aphorism ishoko. Ndokusaka zvakakosha kuongorora nhoroondo yaro kubva pakuona kwekutaura. Mabhuku emazuva ano anotenda kuti kutaura uye aphorism imwe chete uye yakafanana. Mazuva ano pfungwa idzi dzakanyatsobatanidzwa nemazita evanofunga kare. Nhoroondo dzekare uye dzemazuva ano dzinonzi aphorisms. Havana kusiyana kubva kune mumwe uye vane zvimwe zvakafanana mumagariro ejeri: bfupi, mifananidzo, uchenjeri, mumwe munyori uye chimiro chakakwana. Zvese izvi zvinopupurira kuti ivo vari veimwe marudzi. Mune mamwe mazwi, aphorismusi matauriro emazuva ano, uye mazwi ndeawo akapfuura. Izvo, zvechokwadi, dzine zvinyorwa zvavo, asi hazvibvumirwi kutaura nezvemashoko avo, sezvo vane zvimwe zvakasiyana.

Nhoroondo yea aphorism-kutaura

Iyi nzira yakatanga yakawanda kare kupfuura iyo iyo izwi rokuti "aphorism" yakasimuka. Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti muzana remakore rechipiri BC. E. MuEgypt kwaiva nemashoko. Izvo zvinowanikwawo mune dzakawanda dzakasikwa zveEast. Vakanga vakakurumbira muGreece. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, mazwi aPlato, Socrates, Pythagoras, Epicurus nevamwe vanofunga vakazoitika. MuKutenda Kwemazuva Ano, vakapararira kuEurope. Mubasa raErasmus Rotterdam ra "Adagia" rakaunganidzwa nhamba yakawanda yemitsara ine mapapiro uye zvirevo. MuEngland, Wald, Shaw, Smiles, nevamwe vakagadzira aporisms. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, vakatanga kudzidza chirevo chezvinyorwa uye zvinorehwa nexical yezwi rokuti "aphorism". Iko kunofanira kuongororwa kuwedzera kukuru kwechinyorwa uye kuiswa kwe wit. Ndiko kusaka ma aphorisms akapararira mukutsoropodza, kunyora nezvematongerwe enyika. Stylistics yakashandura, aphorismines of humorous, paradoxical and satirical nature yakasimuka, iyo yakanga isingatariswi mumitauro yepakatikati.

Aphorisms. Chii ichocho? Mienzaniso yekushandiswa

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia inotsanangura iyo aphorism semhando yekutaura, iyo inobvumira kugutsikana, nekubatsirwa kwekushamisika kunoshamisa, kushandisa mazwi. Iye anokwanisa kutendesa kwete nenzira inonzwisisika, asi nerubatsiro rwekusawirirana kusingatarisirwi kwemashoko. Munyori weshoko racho anonyatsogutsikana nezvakarurama uye anoshandisa uhu uye hwekutanga kubatana kwemashoko. Kuti ujekeswe, mienzaniso ye classic aphorisms inofanira kufungwa. M. Gorky akati: "Havana kupa kodzero, vanotora kodzero." V. Mayakovsky: "Shoko ndiro mutungamiriri wesimba revanhu." Descartes: "Ndinofunga, saka ini ndiriko." K. Marx: "Chitendero chinonzi opium kuvanhu" nevamwe.

Idzi hukuru hunhu hwea aphorisms

Zvose zvisingatarisirwi, zvekare. Izvozvi zvinokanganisa pfungwa dzedu. Vane chokwadi chakadzika uye zvakazara kunzwisisa kwechishamiso chavanotsanangura. Izvo hazvina uchapupu hwakananga uye zvinonyatsozivikanwa. Chinhu chakasiyana chazvo ndechekufunga. Kana iwe uchifunga zvakanaka, unogona kuwana nharo dzinodikanwa uye uchapupu. Vanokwanisa kukanganisa pfungwa yedu nekutangira kwemashoko avo. Uye kukosha kwemashoko kunokanganisa pfungwa yedu. Kunewo mazwi akadaro ane zvirevo zvisingatarisirwi uye haafananidzi nemaonero evanhu vakawanda. Zvisinei, zviratidzo izvi hazvisi izvo mitemo. Haikwanisi kunyatsotaura zvakajeka kuti aphorisms haisviki uye inopesana. Ndivana vesayenzi. Nhasi ivo vari pedyo nayo kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwavo, kunyatsogadzirisa uye kugadzirisa.

Zvikamu zvehurukuro yacho

Semitemo, aphorisms inotarisirwa ku "mibvunzo yekusingaperi". Vanosimudzira chokwadi ichocho chave chichikanganwika, asi chakakosha zvakakwana. Vanowana chigamba chitsva, asi chepakutanga. Uye izvi zvinokwezva kutarisirwa zvakakwana uye kunogadzirisa muchiyeuchidzo. Aphorisms haina kereke yechechi, kusiyana nemashoko. Nguva dzose tinoziva vanyori vavo. Nyaya yemashoko ine tsika dzetsika uye zvetsika, uye mu aphorisms iyi yakareba yakawanda. Kune dzakawanda ma-aphorisms-zviratidzo. Mumwe wavo akaratidzwa naVictor Hugo: "Hondo kune pillory." Zvimwe zvacho zvinoshamisa mumasikirwo. D. Jeremic akati: "Vanhu vane chisimba ndivo avo vanoda kuita vamwe kufara nechisimba." Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuvapo kwekunakidzwa kwavo uye mafungiro. Ivo vane izvo zvinonzi "yakakurumbira". Nhasi, vachiri kusiyanisa pfungwa dze "aphorism" uye "kutaura", pasinei nokuti vane zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana. Vane nhoroondo yakafanana yezvakabva uye ndeyemhando imwecheteyo. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti maonero asina kunaka pamusoro apo aphorism nhasi atozviita ivo vachinzwa ...