Apo Kandalaksha Bay iri? Description, features, mapikicha

Apo Kandalaksha Bay iri? It riri kuchamhembe-kumadokero kweGungwa White, pakati kumaodzanyemba pamahombekombe Kola kweItari (Kandalaksha kwemhenderekedzo) uye kumhenderekedzo yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Kureba mvura kunharaunda 185 km uye pamukova upamhi 67? Km. Gulf pamhenderekedzo, kuumbwa 10 zviuru. Makore akapfuura, mushure shure pamusoro rechando, doro dissected ne fjords diki (miromo), mumvura pane mazana zvitsuwa zviduku, rezvitsuwa uye vakawanda pasi pemvura matombo.

mamiriro

In Kandalaksha Bay iri gobvu weGungwa White. Kudzamisa ari 200 metres nechepasi juts pagungwa nzvimbo. Iyi nzvimbo anouya anenge kusvikira pakati bay. Kumadokero chikamu mwoyo uyu gobvu kuora mwoyo (343 m). Zvisinei, mumwe kudzika zvakawanda Kusara kupfuura ushe yakadaro. Avhareji kukura mvura nzvimbo dzinenge 20 m, kumahombekombe nayo zvishoma zvinoderedza uye kunosvika 10 M kudzika littoral -. It anganzi Kandalakshsky bay. Hot flushes kazhinji nokukura 1.8-2 m, asi panewo avo vanosvika 3 m. NaTidhari chinozunguzirwa anobva Belomorian huro, kuripa kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero. Muchirimo mvura tembiricha paavhareji rinosvika 14-15 ° C, mune duku maigara bays mvura inogona kujairana 25 ° C.

okunze zvinhu

The dzinotaurwa Gulf riri kusimba zvikuru, mamiriro okunze ari kuchinja zvinoshamisa nokuda kufamba madutu uye kakawanda kuchinja mhepo divi. The pamasimba Gulf Stream kuchinja mudunhu, kuti muduku zvakadini pane ari Murmansk nemhenderekedzo. Average July tembiricha - 13-14 ° C, muna February - kubva -10 ° C kuti -12 ° C. Frost isina nguva kunotora mazuva 110-120. Kandalaksha Bay yakafukidzwa chando kutonhora gore pakati pemwedzi October, panguva inodziya - kunyange December uye January mangwanani. Kubvunda kazhinji kunoitika May.

Kukura pamhenderekedzo

Area of Kola Peninsula yaigarwa nevanhu vachangofa kunyunguduka rechando - iri VII-VI chemakore BC. e., muna Mesolithic. PaGulf of mukuru matongo nzvimbo ndeyemunguva mangwanani Iron Age. On Bear Island iri XVII-XVIII emakore sirivha yakanga mined, asi reserves ayo akanga diki. Industrial kukura kwakatanga mushure kuvakwa muna 1915-1916 of Murmansk njanji. Pamahombekombe mumakore 1910-1938 vaishingaira kutema. Zvino kuburikidza Kandalaksha Bay vakabata rinokosha chokufambisa nzira kuti atakure mafuta nezvimwewo zvinhu. Major chiteshi Kandalaksha iri kumadokero muromo nzvimbo.

nharaunda

Muna 1932 zvakanzi akasikwa mvura Gulf uye zvitsuwa kudzivirira mukanyiwa nesting Eider Kandalaksha Reserve. Mune ramangwana, kukura munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa yakawedzera, richisvika kure 70 zviuru. Hectares. Hove mumvura rakarambidzwa 1957. Pakati dzinongoitika Zvivako pachiwi uye zvitsuwa zviri migumo kuti panyika matombo yekare, zera mabhiriyoni 3. Years.

Features

Gulf pamhenderekedzo akakwirira uye matombo, avhareji kukwirira pamabwe Karelian Coast - 100-300 m, uye Kandalaksha -. 175-600 M masaisai uye muna Kandalaksha Bay vane imwe hunhu. Tidal rukova painobva Sea White. Zvinonzi kutamira kuchamhembe yakaderera nokukurumidza. Kana tikatevera mirayiridzo yake, ipapo kuchatungamirira kumabvazuva Peninsula Turiy. Anouya naTidhari runoita shure.

muriwo nyika

Yegungwa kunyanya akafukidzwa coniferous masango (kunyanya vanoondoroka), panguva dzakakwirira chakatsiva yakaderera shrubbery. Pamahombekombe uye zvitsuwa kukura kupfuura 630 mhando yepamusoro zvinomera, nekurangarira kuti 55% of zvachose nemiti Murmansk nharaunda. Kandalaksha Bay riri panosangana vaviri floristic nharaunda - Nordic uye Arctic. The kuchengeterwa hunowanikwa 25 endemic zvinomera, kusanganisira sunflower Arctic, mhando mashanu Marsh orkideat, zviviri ferns, peony mudzi Marin. Uyezve, mune nzvimbo mumasango akafukidzwa kwomukadzi wacho patapata (maviri kana zviuru zvitatu makopi imwe nzvimbo) uye mumwe zvisingawanzoitiki mhando Orchid - epipogium nayo isina mashizha.

mhuka nyika

The fauna of zvinosanganisira 170 mhando mhuka, 240 eshiri (kusanganisira dzinotama), marudzi maviri nezvinokambaira, uye nhatu - amphibians. Pakati mhuka huru - Stony, bheya, yokuSpain, wolverine, mhumhi. Vamwe runotsigira vanogara pazvitsuwa, aigara achiyambuka pamusoro Kandalaksha Bay dzinoshambira pamhenderekedzo. Small zvikara: gava, Chidembo, the marten, Chidembo, acclimatized North America mink. Mbava inobereka mhuka - Netsuro, anogara pamahombekombe uye chisango muzvitsuwa uye muskrat, vaigara madhamu. In mvura Gulf mhenyu gungwa hares uye iwo zvisimbiso. Pakati eshiri dziri muna Red Book, pane gondo chena-tailed, chinyamudzura, norukodzi, nekondo, kestrel, zizi, Zizi, yellow-billed loon, ari Crested nekanyurura, barnacle hanzi, whooper swans uye mbeveve, vachena kondo.

In Kandalaksha Bay zvinowanikwa 30 mhando hove, asi vashoma. Kazhinji kacho, vakawana White Sea Cod zviri kukonzera nhandare munzvimbo rezvitsuwa ndivo Sea White herring. Mumiromo nzizi inogarwa seflounder pagungwa pauriri - Polár seflounder. In makungwa chokuita gungwa, mhenyu Rainbow uye mashava Rainbow, ekupedzisira ari zvokudya kwenguva refu mumvura mugungwa.