Mune huwandu kana kuongororwa kwakafanana kweropa chii chinosanganiswa? Tafura, zvinyorwa

Munhu wose, paanenge achitsvaka rubatsiro rwechiremba, kamwechete kamwe muhupenyu hwake akapa chirwere chekuongorora ropa. Kuongorora uku kunopa ruzivo kuna chiremba pamusoro pemiganhu yehupenyu hwehupenyu. Sezvo ichi chinhu chiri kutarisana nhengo dzose dzenyama ipi zvayo, huzhinji ruzivo rwakaratidzwa mukuyera ropa. Dhiyabhorosi inowanikwa muhutano wehuwandu wega: chii chinowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwayo, kuti yakawanda zvakadini, inogadzira mhinduro yakawanda yehupenyu kune hutachiona hunoitika mumuviri.

Kuti uwane huwandu hweropa kuti uongororwe, unofanirwa kuutora kubva pincushion yein'i yeminwe, kuigadzirisa nehutachiona husina kuchena husingaiti (scarifier). Iko kuongorora kunotarisa kupindirana kwakafanana kwekudzivirirwa kwomuviri kune kuita kunze, kureva, kuwedzera kwenhamba yeukoukocyte kurwisana nehutachiona, kuchinja kwezvinhu zvemuviri.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuongorora ropa

Mune huwandu kana kuongororwa kwakafanana kweropa chii chinosanganiswa? Chokutanga pane zvose, zviratidzo zvinodzidzisa.

1. Hemoglobin, erythrocytes, reticulocytes zviratidzo zvezvinonzi "miviri mitema".
2. Leukocyte nemarudzi avo (neutrophils uye lymphocytes) zviratidzo zve "miviri mitema".
3. ESR - chiratidzo chese reactivity remuviri.

Iye zvino zvinonyatsotsanangurwa pamusoro pezvikamu zvinopinda mukuongorora kukuru kweropa. Chii chinosanganiswa mumutsara unoregererwa ndiwo masero matsvuku eropa uye leukocytes.

Erythrocytes uye reticulocytes muropa

Erythrocytes iri masero eropa, basa guru ravo nderokufambisa oksijeni kune zvisikwa nekubatsirwa ne hemoglobin. Kufanana nehuwandu hweHemoglobin, nhamba ye erythrocytes muhupenyu hwemunhu yakasiyana. Mumwana achangoberekwa, zviratidzo izvi ndezvakakwirira: 6.0 - 5.5 * 10¹² / L yemasero matsvuku eropa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa mumucheche inoderera uye pakuguma kwemwedzi 1 iri 4.8-5.0 * 10¹² / l. Ropa reyerythrocyte rinopiwa zvachose kuvarwere vose.

Reticulocytes ndiwo matanho eerythrocytes, kureva kuti, erythrocytes vaduku. Sezvo nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemasero eropa ichienderera mberi, inogara iine mamwe emhando idzi dzisina kufanana. Uzvitsanangurire kwete nguva dzose, kazhinji kana zvichiitika kana ane ropa kana kuti ropa. Kazhinji, chiyero che reticulocytes chinokwana 0.5-0.6 ppm.

Nhamba ye hemoglobin mumuviri

Hemoglobin chinhu chakakomberedzwa chinowanikwa mu erythrocyte, chimiro chayo chinogona kuratidzwa sechikamu cheprotheni (globin) uye chinhu chine iron (heme). Basa guru re hemoglobin nderokupa maviri ose nemhepo yakasviba uye kubvisa carbon dioxide kubva mumatukisi mumapapu. Iyo hemoglobin inowanikwa mumuviri chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha chehupenyu hwehutano. Hemoglobin yakakura mumakanda mutsva ndeye 175-235 g / l, uye iyo yakaderera inoderera. Mwana ane makore hafu ane chimiro che 120-125 g / l. Muvana vakwegura uye kuvakuru, muganhu wezasi ndewe 110 g / l. Pane pfungwa isina kururama yokuti, yakakwirira hemoglobin muropa, iri nani. Asi, zvisinei, huwandu hwakawanda hwe erythrocytes uye hemoglobin inogona kuratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, imwe yakakwirira ye hemoglobin inogona kuratidza kuwedzerwa kweropa, ndiko kuti, kupera simba kwemuviri.

Kuongororwa kwenyika yakawanda kunosanganisira kusarudza kweimwe zviratidzo.

Chiratidzo chemavara - kukosha kwakagadzikana kunotarisa hemoglobin inogadzirwa mu erythrocyte, zvinokosha pakugadzirisa mararamiro ekushaya ropa. Kazhinji, iri mukati me 0.85 -1.0.

Ropa pamaplatelet rinotorwa kuti rione zvirwere zvinogona kuwirirana neropa, uyewo nekuongorora zvirwere zvemaronda emapfupa.

Platelets ndiwo masero eropa anokonzera kushandiswa kwekuvhara ropa. Nhamba yemaplatelet inoderera nedzimwe zvirwere, somuenzaniso, muroukemia, mamwe maitiro evhaemia, uye dzimwe nguva muhutachiona hwehutachiona uye hwebhakitiriya.

Nhamba ye trobocytes muhupenyu hune utano inenge yakawanda-180 * 10⁹ masero / l - 320 * 10⁹ seli / l. Platelet kuongorora kunoitwa kusati kwamboitwa chero kupi zvayo kuti ione ropa coagulability.

ESR inoratidzirwa inozivikanwa kune vakawanda se ESR. Inotsanangura nhamba yemamilimita inowanikwa mumugodhi wokuedza kweawa imwe. Muzvitsva, zvinowanzoitika - 2-3 mm / h, muvana vezera remakore - 4-8 mm / h, muvana vakwegura uye muvakuru - 5-10 mm / h uye nezvimwe.

ESR inowedzera nezvirwere zvinoputika mumuviri, pasinei nenzvimbo yekuputika, uye zvinowedzera kuvhiringidzika, kukwirira kwemazinga. Kukurumidza kwe ESR kunogona kuonekwa mune zvirwere zvinouraya, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvinogona kusvika kusvika 50-60 mm / h nekuwedzera.

Leukocytes muropa

Leukocytes ndiwo masero anochengetedza muviri kana akapinda mukati mawo majekiseni uye mavhairusi. Nhamba yeeukocytes muhuputi hwekuvhiringidza mumatambudziko mazhinji inowedzera kukurira nekuparadzwa kwezvirwere. Dzimwe nguva ropa rekuyera ropa rinogona kuwedzera nekuda kwezvinetso zvinotambudza kana kudya kudya kwemafuta.

Leukocyte inodzivisa chero kukanganisa kweganda, kudzivirira chinangwa chekukuvara uye kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona huri mberi. Izvo zvakasimba kuvhunika, kunyanya leukocyte muviri unobereka uye pavanowedzera kuongororwa kwakafanana neropa. Chii chiri muropa uye kuti masimba ezvirwere mumuviri anobata sei nechirwere ichi, unogona kudzidza zvakadzama kubva pakuongorora. Kana, somuenzaniso, mwana anoita pneumonia, uye masero eropa eropa haawedzere, saka hutachiona hahugoni kurarama, uye izvi zvinogara zvichivhundusa vanachiremba. Ropa reaukocyte rinofanira kutorwa kana zvichifungidzirwa kuve nekuputika mumuviri, uye kana pane chikwata chekuwedzera, kuongorora uku kuchabatsira nokukurumidza kuongororwa. Kunyoresa hutachiona hweeukocyte kunogona kuonekwa pamwe nehutachiona hwehutachiona, hupfu, hunopedza nzira dzokurapa.

Mukuwedzera kune izvozvi zviratidzo, chiremba anofanira kuona kukura uye maitiro emasero matsvuku eropa uye kuchinja muhutano hwe leukocytes, kazhinji izvi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa chirwere chakakodzera.

Iyo yakawanda yeropa test, iyo tafura yaro inopiwa, inomiririra migumisiro yehuwandu hwehutano munhu.

Kubva padonhe rega rega rinogona kuitwa zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuudza nezvebasa rezvikamu nhengo uye muviri wose.

Total protein

Nekutsvakurudza uku kunoreva kuwanda kwema gramu ezvo mapuroteni emakemikari aiva ne 1 litre reropa. Muvanhu vakuru, inowanzova 55-80 g / l, muvana vaduku zvishoma. Mapuroteni mamolekemu, ayo aripo muropa, akasiyana mumamiriro avo.

Somugumisiro wekuongororwa, nhamba yeprotein fractions inorongwa, nekuda kwekudzidza uku chiremba anowana ruzivo rwakakosha nokuda kwekutsanangurira kwakarurama kwekuongororwa uye yakatemwa kurapwa.

Puroteni yakawanda inowanikwa ndeyokuti:

• Albumins ndiwo mapuroteni emakemikari anosunga mvura.
• Alpha-1-globulins, kazhinji 3.5-6%, inowedzera mumukana wakaoma wechirwere.
• Alpha-2-globulins, kazhinji 6.9 - 10%, ndiyo yekutanga kugamuchira kubvumira.
• Beta-globulins, kazhinji inowedzera kusvika ku7-12%, kuwedzera kunowanikwa munharaunda yakaoma yechirwere uye mukushandura kune chimiro chisingaperi.
• Gamma globulins, iyo inorwisa zvirwere, kazhinji inoumba 12-19%, ine zvirwere zvisingaperi iyo inowedzera.
• C-reactive protein - munguva yakaoma yekuputika kwemashupu inova akanaka.

Chiyero cheRopa chega

Yakagadzirirwa kudzidza ma carbohydrate metabolism uye kuongorora kwepascreas. Kazhinji vanopa ropa kune shuga kuti vaone kuti chinokonzera chirwere cheshuga. Mhedzisiro inobvumirwa yeglucose inokwana 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Zvakakosha kuomerera kumutemo: ropa rehuga rinotorwa kubva munwe mangwanani mangwanani musina chinhu chisina chinhu, kudya kwemanheru zvisati zvaitika hazvifaniri kunge zvisati zvasvika 19.00, kureva kuti, nguva shoma pakati pezvokudya nekuongorora inofanira kuva maawa masere. Zvechokwadi, kumwe kuongorora hakugone kuonekwa, asi kunokosha pakuongororwa kwechirwere cheshuga uye endocrine zvirwere zvezvirwere, uyewo ndiyo inonyanya kuisa parameter murapa inorayirwa.

Kutsunga kweropa rudzi

Kuongorora uku kunotarisirwa kusati kwave kushanda kana kuti kuwedzerwa ropa. Dzimwe nguva, pasina ruzivo, urongwa uhwu hunova chigumbuso mukati memhuri, apo chirwere chemwana wechiropa hachienderani neboka reropa reumwe kana vabereki vose. Ichokwadi, ichi chinhu chinowanzoitika uye ropa rakagara nhaka maererano nemitemo ye genetics. Somuenzaniso, kana vabereki vose vane boka rechipiri reropa, mukana wekuti mwana achava neboka rokutanga rakakura zvikuru. Uye kana vabereki vane ropa reboka rokutanga nechina, ipapo, maererano nemitemo ye genetics, mwana achava nechechi kana chechitatu boka.

Mune pamuviri, nguva dzose teerera maitiro apo amai veR Rh-vasingateereri ropa, uye mwana akapiwa nhaka nababa veRh-positive. Muchiitiko ichi, zvirwere zvinowedzera muropa raamai, izvo zvingave zvisina ngozi nekuda kwehutano hwemwana.

Hepatic tests

Nhengo yakadaro yakakosha inoshanda mumuviri, sechiropa, inogonawo kutsanangurwa neropa rekuongorora. Basa re transaminase mumusarudzo yakasarudzwa rinoratidza chirwere chechiropa uye rinofambidzana nerufu rwemasero eropa. Kuongororwa kunoitwa mune rimwe bhizinesi rebiochemical, paine ropa kubva munwe kana mutsva. Kuwedzera kwomuviri we transaminase hakuonekwi chete nehutachiona hepatitis, asiwo humwe hukuvadzwa (kukuvadzwa, kupisa, myocarditis, kudya kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa, kusanganisira maantibioti).

Chiyero cheRopa chekuteterol

Cholesterol inowanzo muviri ndeye 3.6-6.7 mmol / l. Izvo zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti high cholesterol inobatsira pakugadzirwa kweAristrosclerosis, uye iyo inokonzera zvirwere zvepfungwa dzakasiyana uye ndiyo inokonzera kushungurudzika kwemwoyo nekurova.

Kuongororwa kweropa ndiko kuongorora kwakanyatsobudirira uye kwakabudirira kwomuviri, izvo zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa kwakarurama kwechirwere chekuongororwa. Dzimwe nguva kuongororwa kwekutsvaga kweropa kunokosha kuti uchengetedze hupenyu hwomurwere. Mashoko akawanikwa kubva kuchirongwa chechirwere anoratidza kufanana kwemuviri kune imwe nzira yehutachiona, saka kugadzirira nekuita kwahwo kunofanirana nepamusoro-soro. Migumisiro yechipimo inobatsira chiremba kwete kungoongorora zvakananga, kuongorora kuoma kwechirwere chechirwere uye kubudirira kwehutano, uye dzimwe nguva kubatsira kuona chirwere chiri padanga kana pasina zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere.