Guru Zaire. Guta muKinshasa. Democratic Republic of the Congo

Guta guru reRepublic of Zaire, zita muna 1997 kusvika Democratic Republic of Congo, iri nhasi rimwe makurusa maguta Africa uye rinozivikanwa muKinshasa. Zvisinei, zita ano guru akapiwa chete pashure rusununguko.

Congo iri map Africa

Nyika, iri nechepakati chikamu kondinendi African, nzvimbo iri wechipiri chete Algeria, uye pamusoro nhamba rinomirira panzvimbo yechina mushure Nigeria, Ethiopia uye Ijipiti. The nyika ine refu uye makakatanwa nhoroondo yakazara nezvehondo uye zvinorwisana maari.

Zvakangotanga vakatanga anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore asati auya edu, apo amarudzi dzeChirungu dzaiva varimi vakatanga kutama kuchamhembe kure negungwa, ousting zvemo vanhu vaPygmy, uyo akazova vashomana, kumanikidzwa kuti arikunze pakati paruzhinji uye enyika upenyu munyika.

Zvisinei, kwemazana emakore akawanda, nhoroondo Congo vasingazivi hwega mamiriro masangano, uye chete muna XlV remakore pakati kunosvika guru rwizi African Congo yakabuda umambo chete zita, iro, uye brunt pamusoro kudhumhana pamwe Portuguese dzakadzidzvinyirira ari XV remakore. Kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana mana emakore, vatongi vemo nokuzvidira vakatengesa zvidzidzo zvavo vokuEurope avo, akavapindurawo, zvifambiswe varanda African kuNorth America.

dzayaitonga

Pasinei nokuti yose Africa uye Democratic Republic of Congo iri zvikuru sei eChechi yaitonga masimba uye makaro zviri vatengesi, mumwe haafaniri wakarerutsa zvinobatsira vamwe vanhu kuti kukura dzomuAfrica.

Nzvimbo munzvimbo inozivikanwa nhasi sezvo Republic of Congo, vaisiyana nemamwe dzayaitonga pfuma, nokuti akanga asina pamutemo muhutongi chero European nyika, asi yagara voga vaiva ne muBelgian mambo, vaakadana guta guru Zaire ainzi. The yokugara kutanga chii zvino kunzi ungana guru reLeopoldville - vachikudza eBelgian King Leopold.

Foundation muguta

The ibwe guru mutsva Zaire rokutanga akateya akakurumbira British akaongorora Africa, mumwe mutori aiongorora Henry Morton Stanley, yakavambwa pamahombekombe erwizi zvokutengeserana pambiru kubva raiva kutanga yakarongeka kukura nechepakati chikamu kondinendi, kusvikira ipapo havaratidzi kunzwisisa.

Rusununguko rwokufamba Africanization

Sezvo inception kwayo muna 1881 uye kusvikira kusunungurwa kubva joko muBelgian korona muna June 1960, guta guru Zaire, ainzi reLeopoldville, asi pamwe veMubatanidzwa mudzvinyiriri Mobutu hurumende, yakanga zita. Chikonzero renaming yakanga mudzvinyiriri muAtlantic Anti-ichitongwa nhaka, kusanganisira mitauro: Dutch, zvakajairika muZaire vakatsva ndeimwewo misha nezviremera. Saka Kinshasa - guta guru richangobva akasika mamiriro - vawana zita rayo ano, uko akapfuura kubva mumwe misha vakapinda komuganhu guta.

Makore okutanga rusununguko munyika asina kubudirira uye runyararo. Pashure pokutonga pfupi iri nevanhu akasarudzwa President Kasavubu apedza bvisa ake. Mari ne US General Mabuchi pachigaro musoro wehurumende. Kinshasa - Congo guta - akava mhando pfupa kukakavara pakati US uye Soviet Union, iyo akatsvaka kudzora pamusoro vapfumi chicherwa deposits, kusanganisira uranium exchange. Uye tinofanira kubvuma kuti makwikwi ichi, vokuAmerica wakunda yakajeka.

Kuwedzera uye urombo

1966 asati, guta guru Zaire, ainzi reLeopoldville, asi akanga apiwa zita rokuti muKinshasa pashure kuziviswa kwemashoko Africanization mitemo. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yeguta iri murwizi uye zvimwe zvakwakanakira muchimiro kuenda kurwizi chokufambisa migwagwa, asi simba pakukwirira kuchinja uye nezvikumbaridzo kubvumira kutumirwa tsika chikamu shoma chete erwizi.

Kukunda kukamurwa ichi kubva kumhenderekedzo guru, akatanga kudhonza njanji, izvo pakupedzisira pave guru maindasitiri kukura. Zvinokonzera njanji akatanga kuvaka Mapaipi, yakapedzwa muna 1914.

Congo iri map Africa ndeimwe anokosha, saka kana mukutanga kuma1990, zvematongerwo dambudziko munyika, vakawanda African inoti vava zvakawanda kana zvishoma mune yayo resolution.

Imwe rwizi - misoro miviri

Capital pakati Zaire - handiyo chete guta rakamiswa pamahombekombe muCongo. On zvakashandurwa kumahombekombe muKinshasa ndiro guru pedyo mamiriro. Democratic Republic of Congo iri pamuganhu pamwe nehurumende, ane pamutemo zita - Republic of Congo. Vagari misoro miviri kunogona kutarisa vavakidzani kuburikidza kumbonyanya paupamhi rwizi pamusoro izvo, zvinosuruvarisa pane zambuko unobatanidza maviri nemisha pakukura.

Modern Kinshasa, guta rimwe varombo nyika munyika, iri zvikuru anoyevedza kuona. Mumwe ari kutemwa kusiyana vapfumi dzebhizimisi uye slum munzvimbo vanhu vari kunyimwa kuwana zvinokosha dzomumaguta zvivako. Vagari vazhinji havatombofaniri dzose mikana yokushandisa mvura yakachena.

muzvitangwena guru ndivo kwainyanya zvinetso zvakawanda dzomumaguta, zvakadai kwemhosva uye chirwere. Guta guru Zaire nguva inoremekedzwa pamusoro nzvimbo chepamusoro maguta zvikuru ngozi muAfrica. Street mhosva inoita guta rinenge kukodzera akazvimirira vafambi uye yekudyidzana zvinomutsa redzimba mitengo. Zvinosuruvarisa akapakatira nokupamba, zvibharo uye kidnappings vakava Kinshasa zvikuru zvakajairika. Housing munzvimbo dzakachengeteka munzvimbo anomira dzimwe nguva anodhura kupfuura Europe uye Hotels vari akakombwa nemasvingo marefu kurichinja kuva mhando cram nokuda chena vatorwa.

Social bhora weguta

Pasinei zvikuru mumatanda dzinodhura uye vakatsvaka-pashure pamisika zvicherwa, kutaura pamusoro fuma nyika haisi zvakakodzera. Corruption, postcolonial nyaya rinotyisa Kutarisirwa kununura vagari taisireva.

Sezvo chero guta guru, mune mumayunivhesiti muKinshasa uye zvikoro vavatorwa yepamusorosoro. It anoshanda Academy of Arts, ane zvokurapa akatanga, National Pedagogical uye kunyange mumayunivhesiti Catholic.

The utano kwemauto chinomiririrwa akawanda hwakawanda nezvipatara uye zvokurapa nzvimbo. Sezvo vakawanda dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica, muna Congo zvikuru basa dzomunyika masangano kuti mari dzokurapwa rubatsiro vemo.

Kinshasa - guru idzva mamiriro

The political dambudziko kwakagadziriswa munyika muna 2005, pamwe kuitwa bumbiro idzva. Maererano itsva mutemo inokosha, munyika nharaunda rakakamurwa mapurovhinzi gumi. Guru anopiwa nzvimbo chaiyo iri administrative kukamurwa - zviri zvese guta uye zvionera nharaunda.

The conurbation pamusoro Kinshasa ane vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni masere, asi chaizvoizvo hapana anonyatsoziva kuti vanhu vakawanda vanogara dimensionless muzvitangwena dzakapoteredza guta uye vashandi kuti bhandi mhando kuti anotsaura guru kubva kumaruwa inoganhurana nayo.

Asi, pasinei urombo uye matambudziko makuru mumagakava bhora, zvemo yakawanda Kinshasa vakaita kufambira mberi kukuru mune dzakawanda mutambo uye vanoratidza basa.