Ndezvipi mosses? The mamiriro, kubereka, mosses, zvazvinoreva uye kushanda

Kuti tinzwisise chikwindi chii, unofanira kuongorora yekare boka zvinomera. Group ichi - yepamusoro mhando, zindoga uye dzakawanda. Munguva yedu panyika pane anenge 30.000 mhando mosses.

kupatsanura

Bhotani akazarura uye akaongorora vose anozivikanwa mhando bryophyte chirimwa, kupatsanura kunobva kusiyana Morphology, kuwanda nzira uye maumbirwo spore ose bolls. Department mossy inogona rakakamurwa makirasi akadaro: Deciduous, hepatic uye antotserotovye mosses.

Deciduous mosses

Chii mosses Deciduous? Ivo vaakadanawo briopsidami. Izvi kirasi guru, rinosvika vanenge 15 zviuru marudzi. Vamiririri boka iri vanonzi kupfuura zvikuru dziridza zvose miriwo wedhipatimendi ichi. Briopsidy zvakasiyana-siyana zvikuru, zvose chimiro uye kukura. Dzimwe vanosvika rebei saizi. The kupfuura zvimwe Danho chokuvapo kwavo - the gametophyte. Zvinoita somuti dzinde mashizha chete yakarongwa nenzira zononoka. Briopsidy zvirege kusawirirana. Ndivo chakajairika achinaya mvura, marshland uye dzine kunyorova. Nevamiririri Kukushkin furakisi, sphagnum Moss.

hepatic mosses

Chii chiropa mosses (liverworts)? Ivo pamusana vanenge zviuru 8.5 marudzi, uye vari rakakamurwa subclasses maviri. Marshantsievye jungermanniales uye liverworts. Hwakapararira zvimwe Danho - gametophyte. Externally, chirimwa chakafanana flattened "chokumisa" mashizha akaronga pamwe. Inoparadzirwa spores vachishandisa elaters (chaiwo zvitubu). Liverworts kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinopisa uye vakadzikama-nyorovera okunze. Typical Vamiririri: blefarostroma volosolistnaya, marchantia polymorphic, barbilofoziya lycopsids, ptilidium ciliated.

Antotserotovye mosses

Chii mosses antotserotovye? Kirasi uku mosses nyanzvi kazhinji anoonekwa somunhu subclass pamusoro liverworts. Zvinosanganisira anenge 300 marudzi.

In upenyu kutenderera chinokurira sporophyte rwakazara. Externally, chirimwa anotarira akafanana chovha kana rozetkopodobnoe thallus. mosses idzi dzinowanikwa unozvidzora okunze uye nyoro dzinopisa mhando. antotseros - mumiririri kirasi.

Generalized tsanangudzo mosses

Saka, chii chinonzi Mosses? Izvi - kukakanganiswa miti, kukwirira zvinogona dzinosiyana 1 mm 60 cm. Vanokura pamusoro hunde dzacho miti, pamadziro, panyika, mune Freshwater madziva uye marshes. Nokuda munyu kusashivirirana zvinomera haawaniki mumakungwa uye sesaline nevhu. Kakawanda, sechivako chikwindi yakareruka - the madzinde mashizha. Asi Midzi zvinomera pasi kukurukurwa hatisi zvachose. Water uye zvokudya ivo Sechipanji rhizoids kana muviri wose. Kuchinjira kumamiriro pano kuvapo kwakakanganisa kuti paiva chikwindi kufukidza zvemaziso uye rinenge uyewo masero matsva uchishanda uri conductive chinhu. Chirimwa chinhu perennial, kazhinji duku kukura (Kukwirira mashomanana mm), (masendimita anosvika 60) pane imwe huru. muviri wake sechinhu thallus (antotserotovye kana mumwe liverworts), kana akakamurwa "chokumisa" uye "mashizha". Attachment kuti substrate uye yakayamwa mvura outgrowths masero, vanonzi rhizoids (avanotarisira conductive is hurongwa).

Sechivako sphagnum chikwindi uye hapana zvakasiyana intricacy. Ichi chikuru chiedza manyoro kana zvishoma yakatsvukuruka courtines. Ivo mira "madzinde" akaronga ne bunchy vachiwaridza "mapazi". Pasina padzinde Moss rhizoids akarurama (zvishoma nezvishoma kufa pasi), vachiwaridza mumisara dzakawanda, pamwe vazhinji vachiwaridza lateral urongwa, izvo akaungana pamusoro hunde ari musoro batana. Mumazana vamwe hunde mapazi yakaunganidzwa matanda. Yokupedzisira ine 3-13 matavi rakarembera uye akaparadzaniswa hunde. Pamusoro "mapazi" vari pfupi uye aunganidzwa mune musoro batana. Hauoneki rine mvura masero pamwe pores vanoumba yokunze rukoko "nedzinde".

Single-rukoko "mashizha" sphagnum zvinosanganisira marudzi maviri masero: photosynthetic uye aquifers. Aimbova vane gonye-kufanana chimiro uye ane chloroplasts, iri pakati masero rine mvura. masero akadaro zhinji, vachibvumira sphagnum chikwindi yokufungisisa hombe Vhoriyamu mvura. Sporophyte sphagnum iri vakagumisa bhokisi, umo mune nharo vane muvharo. Kana spores vachikura, yakawedzera kuomesa mukati bhokisi, mauri muvharo anovhura uye spores vakura vari vabudiswa panze. Izvi zvinoitikawo noushamwari ekunze kuti nani pakupararira spores.

Chii Moss mitema? By achirova Vamiririri zvavo vanogona kunzi Kukushkin neshinda. Its "chokumisa" kufukidza zvakaoma, rima mutema mutsunda serin'i "mashizha". Rine rhizoids uye inokura kusvika 30-40 cm. Inosiya chikwindi akatsivama pryamootstoyaschie pamwe elongated filmy tsinga mumuhara uye yakabudikira kubva kumusoro. "Nhengo" ane chinyakare vascular maitiro uye dioecious gametophyte. Pamusoro "chokumisa" rinoguma antheridia uye archegonium. Kubva zygote pashure muchangosangana anovandudza sporophyte, inova bhokisi riri padzinde refu kukura kwake haploid spores. Box akafuka mutete idonhe chivharo, vazodzikisa vhudzi, kufanana neshinda mutsvuku. Moss bhokisi inokamukana kupinda chivharo, mutsipa uye urnochku. Inside bhokisi rinoti "zvakavanzika" mbiru, akazara masero chena. Around mbiru yaiva sporangium. Urnochka chivharo uye inoganhurana pamwe mhete rinoumbwa masero pamwe thickened masvingo. mhete Iri basa anodonha urnochki ayo kupatsanurwa kubva chivharo.

Rutoto Nzira mosses

chizvarwa Sexual mu upenyu kutenderera chirimwa akavamba pamusoro asexual. Moss nhengo dzokubereka nadzo dziri kuumbwa zvakananga muviri wake. antheridia ichi uye archegonia ataurwa pamusoro. Archegonium mhosva inotungamirwa uye kukura ari wakaiswa hadzi gametes uye antheridia - nokuti zvizhinji munhurume gametes. The nembeu hadzi gamete (mamiriro - kuvapo mvura) kachitanga asexual chizvarwa chikwindi - sporophyte. mhando iyi bhokisi nedzinde vasiyana muviri Moss. Rine spores zhinji, zvinokwanisa kuita kuti imere pasi akanaka ezvinhu, kuti vaumbe chirimwa chitsva. Dzimwe vanokwanisa bereka vegetatively. Panguva iyoyowo muviri anosiiwa vakuru thallus, iyo wanamatira pedyo chirimwa uye anotanga chinozvimirira uye kubereka.

Kuparadzirwa mosses

Zvakanyanya kuoma kuona pasina chikwindi pane kuudza apo Moss inokura. Flora iyi vakagovera zvinenge kose - kubva dzinopisa kusvika polar kumatunhu. Achitsva dziri chikwindi inokura kunyanya dzemakomo nemasango, kureva. E., kupi yakakwirira mwando rikunde. Dzimwe ivhu wakafukidzwa mosses, akasawana dzisinganayi ndima, sezvo chirimwa nayo anokwanisa vanomboenda kumisa kukwanisa kurarama mumwaka, uye pakatanga mwando yokusimbisa nayo. Zvikurukuru, mosses vakawanda mune unozvidzora uye kunyunguduka zvikamu kuchamhembe hemisphere.

Moss uye kukosha

Zvichireva mosses zvinotarisirwa kwazvo. Chekutanga, nemhaka vamiririri izvi chirimwa nyika hunodzorwa serakavakwa mvura nechiyero, nekuti vanogona kuunganidza vari thallus guru matura unyoro. Chechipiri, kuti chikwindi anosika rinokosha chirimwa biocenosis, kunyanya avo mundima vakafukidza chose pasi. Uyezve, boka iri rine pfuma kuunganidza uye vanochengeta nemwaranzi. Zvichireva mhuka Moss Uyewo guru, nekuti huru inosimbisa bryophytes ndiwo maonero vamwe vanhu. Hongu, uye upenyu hwevanhu, chirimwa ichi uyewo inoita basa rinokosha. Somuenzaniso, mhando dzakawanda vari zvinobudirira kushandiswa pharmacology. A peat Moss yakaumbwa afa, rinoshandiswa sezvo mafuta.