Mapoka Ecological zvinomera: Mienzaniso

zvirimwa zvose zviri siyana, vari kukura zvinenge zvose pamusoro nyika uye zvose ezvinhu. Uye kuvimba kuti chii ezvinhu vari kupfuura akakodzera mamwe marudzi, vanobatana mune zvipenyu mumapoka zvinomera.

Chii?

Mapoka Ecological zvinomera - ari yakatarwa kwazvakaita kuti aratidze zvinodiwa zvakafanana kukosha zvimwe chinhu, akadai mwando, chiedza zvikuru, etc. Uyezve, zvirimwa zvikuru rimwe boka vane zvimwe zvinhu, izvo vavapo mukufamba shanduka mune nedanho kwadzakabva zviri muviri kune zvimwe zvirwere dzezvakatipoteredza. Saka, zvirimwa kwezvakatipoteredza mapoka akasiyana-siyana anogona vangasimudzira kwakasiyana mumwe.

Miganhu kuripo pakati akasiyana pane kwakajairika.

Ndezvipi mapoka kwezvakatipoteredza zvinomera zviri ikoko?

zvirimwa zvose vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvakadai, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa imwe chinhu.

Saka, weboka miti mapoka ezvakatipoteredza kwakavakirwa zvavanoda:

• chiedza;
• mwando;
• vamwe tembiricha;
• Soil trophic;
• ivhu acidity;
• ivhu salinization.

The ichocho chinogona Classified kwete chete miti yomusango, asi nezvezvichaitwa zvakatipoteredza mapoka kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba. The musimboti iri zvakangofanana. Kuwedzera pakuziva kuti boka ndezvaiye ichi kana kuti ruva, unogona kupa naye zvakakodzera.

Mapoka zvemhoteredzo Major zvinomera, zvichienderana kudiwa ari mwando

On the zvakatipoteredza zvinhu mapoka matatu zvinomera zvinogona kupatsanurwa:

• hydrophytes;
• mesophytes;
• xerophytes.

Hydrophytes - ndivo miti kuti zvikure mumvura. Kazhinji, vanokurira mumvura yakachena, asi inogona kuitika kunyange munyu.

To ichi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza boka rinosanganisira zvinomera akadai nomudonzvo, mupunga, nomudonzvo, petsanga, arrowhead, etc.

Ari oga subgroup pamusoro hwemvura zvinomera vangazivikanwa gilatofity. Flora ichi, izvo zvine simba madzinde, saka havagoni kukura kubva mumvura kwezvakatipoteredza. The chikuru Chikamu chirimwa ichi (mashizha uye maruva) riri pamusoro pemvura dura uye nekugadzirwa mvura. By gilatofitam zvinosanganisira mvura maruva, lotuses, vodokras etc.

Mesophytes - ndivo miti kuti vanosarudza yakakwirira mwando. Izvi zvinosanganisira anenge zvose zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvinomera, kusanganisira avo kuti kunowanzoitwa dzabudapo minda neminda yemiti.

Xerophytes - ndivo vamiririri nemiti, izvo dzakashandisa kurarama dzisinganayi munzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira gorosi uswa, Beach uswa uye cacti, kusanganisira nzvimbo.

Zvichienderana zvinodiwa muchiedza

Maererano nenheyo iyi inogona kupatsanurwa zvinomera mumapoka matatu:

• heliophyte;
• stsiogeliofity;
• stsiofity.

First - ichi ndicho zvirimwa zvinoda rakajeka chiedza.

Stsiogeliofity akakwanisa kushivirira mumvuri, asi kukura zvakanaka uye azere zuva. Pakati kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba iyi mhando vangazivikanwa Monstera. Pakati mbizi - Willow, Birch, Aspen. Chirimwa zvirimwa veboka iri tabapi, radish, parsley, mindi, nebharisami, magaka, Squash, asiparagasi, lettuce, rhubarb, zvakarungwa.

Stsiofity - ichi mumvuri-rudo zvirimwa. Havazosimudzirani kukura zvakanaka panguva zvikuru sechiedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose algae uye mosses, lichens, tsvimbo mosses, ferns.

Environmental mapoka, zvichienderana achida tembiricha

Kune mapoka mana zvirimwa Munokudzwa:

• gekistotermofity;
• mikrotermofity;
• mezotermofity;
• megatermofity.

First - iri akaomarara chaizvo zvinomera. Ivo dzabudapo kuchamhembe chikamu nyika.

Mikrotermofity - ndivo vamiririri kasvisto kuti vanokwanisa withstanding yakawanda chando, asi hapana yakanyanya frosts.

Mezotermofity wakafanana nokupisa uye megatermofity kumira wandei kupisa.

Zvichienderana ivhu mhando

Pano zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza boka zvinomera zviri kusiyaniswa dzakasiyana zvinhu zvitatu.

First - trophicity ivhu. saturation Iri ivhu zvinovaka muviri, uyewo macro- uye microelements. Maererano chikonzero ichi, kuti chirimwa rakakamurwa oligotrophs mesotrophe, eutrofy. Oligotrophs anogona kukura pamusoro murombo nevhu, mesotrophe vanosarudza mwero yakaorera, tsime eutrofy kukura chete panyika dema uye dzimwe mhando nevhu dzakakwirira nembereko.

Zvichienderana salinity ivhu pamusoro izvo vanokura, zvinomera vakakamurwa muzvikwata zviviri: halophytes uye glycophytes. Wekutanga vanokwanisa kushivirira salinity ivhu, uye wechipiri - kwete.

Uye pakupedzisira, zvichienderana ph pamwero ivhu miriwo akakamurwa zvipenyu mapoka matatu: neytrofity, atsidofity uye bazofity. nzvimbo ivhu wokutanga kwazvakarerekera ph (pedyo 7). Atsidofity kukura pamusoro nevhu dzakakwirira acidity. A bazofity vanosarudza alkaline ivhu.

Saka isu akatarira vose zvipenyu mapoka zvinomera, mienzaniso mhando kuti nhengo kwavari.