Achishandisa unyanzvi okuti: mienzaniso mumabhuku

Full, manune, akanaka uye yakajeka zvakanaka rinopa pfungwa, manzwiro uye kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokudaro kubudirira zvose renyu ramunoita, uyewo akarivaka yakarurama zvikuru rokunyengetedza. Pano zvishoma hunotaurwa zvinoreva romubati okuti munhu anofanira kuita zvinodiwa mugumisiro kubva nyika ose zuva, uye chii chii - kuti zadzai zvombo kuti kuratidza rwokutaura mabhuku.

Special expressiveness mutauro

Nomuromo chimiro, anokwanisa atambudzwe muteereri kana muverengi, kuti risingakanganwiki nokuda utsva, kusiyana, mumwechete, aine kubva zvatinosiita uye zuva nezuva - ine mitauro mashoko.

Pano anoshanda zvakanaka, chero nzira romubati okuti mumabhuku Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa dimikira zvukopis, gudziramukanwa, vane, uye vamwe vakawanda. Unofanira ishe chaiwo nzira uye nzira yakasanganiswa, sezvo ruzha mumashoko uye collocations.

Zvikuru basa reDare mashoko, mitsara, girama uye phonetic zvinhu. Ose pachishandiswa unyanzvi mashoko mumabhuku inoshanda zvese zviri noumhizha.

phonetics

Pano chikuru chinhu - zvukopis, chaiwo unyanzvi nzira, inobva kusikwa inzwi mifananidzo kubudikidza inzwi repetitions. Unogona kunyange vatevedzere chaiye-nyika rinonzwika - the segwenhure, chinoridzirwa muridzo, ruzha, mvura, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti pave nekukurukurirana neshamwari pamwe manzwiro uye pfungwa unofanira kumutumidza kuti muteereri kana muverengi. Ndicho chinangwa chikuru kuti kuitwa pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Mienzaniso onomatopoeia rine zvakawanda mabhuku lyrics: pano kunonyanya akanaka Balmont "Midnight dzimwe nguva ...".

Inenge zvose vanyanduri ose Silver Age zvukopisi kushandiswa. Beautiful mitsetse akasiya Lermontov, Pushkin, Boratynsky. The Symbolists akadzidzawo kudana uye auditory, rinoonekwa uye kunyange olfactory, gustatory, tactile inofananidza kufamba hwomoyo muverengi kuona zvimwe manzwiro uye manzwiro.

Pane mhando huru mbiri, zvizere kundizivisa zvukopisnye pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Mienzaniso Blok uye Andrei Bely, vanowanzoororwa chete kushandiswa assonance - uchidzokorora chete nzvanyira kana vachiridza zvakafanana. Mhando rechipiri - the alliteration, iyo kazhinji kuwanikwa atova Pushkin uye Tiutchev, - kudzokorora emakonzonendi - fanana kana zvakafanana.

Mutauro uye mitsara

Nzira huru romubati mashoko mumabhuku - mudungwe munzira kuti chaizvo rinoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu kana chinhu, kushandisa mashoko avo yokufananidzira. The Mhando chikuru tropes: nokuenzanisa, epithet, vane kwokufananidzira, metonymy, synecdoche, periphrasis, gudziramukanwa uye litotes, ndyaringo.

Kunze tropes, pane nyore uye inobudirira pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. mienzaniso:

• antonyms, anoreva zvakafanana, homonyms, paronyms;
• idioms;
• Mutauro unokura, kupendwa stylistically, uye mashoko, anoshandisa pakunogumira.

Wokupedzisira chinhu chinosanganisira akariposhera uye jargon, uye kunyange mashoko, hazvitombobvumidzwi yekutenga muvanhu. Zvakapesana vane dzimwe nguva zvikuru kupfuura chero epithets: Ndezvipi iwe wakachena! - mwana, kushambira mudziva. Anoreva zvakafanana uchenjeri uye kuvandudza kutaura kururama. Dimikira kufadzwa ndechokuti wacho anonzwa yaizivikanwa uye nokukurumidza anoenda kuonana. Izvi mitauro mananara havasi zvakananga pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Mienzaniso asi vasiri anokosha, wakafanira imwe chiito, kana chinyorwa, asi anogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera nokupenya mufananidzo uye matambudziko pamusoro wacho. Beauty uye liveliness kutaura kuvimba zvachose worudzii maturusi kusika zvinoyevedza mashoko akashandiswa mariri.

Uye kuenzanisa epithet

Epithet - application kana kuwedzera nechiGiriki. Marks zvinokosha chinhu chinokosha chechinyorwa ichi uchishandisa shaped tsanangudzo, yakavakirwa Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kuenzanisa. Kakawanda chipauro ichi: dema kuora mwoyo mangwanani sedoe, nezvimwewo, asi anogona kuva epithet pazita, dudzirachiito, PARTICIPLE chisazitasingwi, uye mimwe mukukurukurirana. Unogona kukugoverai epithets kushandiswa mumutauro nevakawanda, National enhetembo uye munhu Copyrights pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Mienzaniso yose mitatu mhando: munhu yomumvuri kunyarara, yakanaka jaya, rakamonana rufuramhembwe. Inogona kupatsanurwa zvakasiyana - yokufananidzira uye kuratidza: mune yebhuruu mhute, usiku kuvapengesa. Asi kuzopesanisa ose, Chokwadi, ndokunge chaizvo.

Enzanisa - tikaenzanisa iyoyi, pfungwa kana chinhu nomumwe. Chisingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa enzaniso apo mazita kuchinjaniswa, zvichienzaniswa inofanira kutaurwa zvose chinhu, chizenga, chiito, etc. Somuenzaniso: Mumwe sokupenya yakaita meteor. Unogona enzanisa-siyana.

• Instrumental (kuyaruka Nightingale nendege);
• okufananidza chipauro kana dudzirachiito (girini gungwa ziso);
• mibatanidzwa kana, sokunge, etc. (Apo mhuka squeaked musuo);
• Mashoko akafanana, yakafanana, etc. (Meso ako akafanana maviri bvungapfunga);
• Okufananidza clauses (goridhe mashizha akananga ari dziva, seboka ramakwai kungozvifunga kubhururuka pamusoro nyeredzi).

nevamwe inowanzoshandiswa chevarwere nhetembo: Hachisi bhiza ... pamusoro vadetembi kazhinji kuvaka kumbonyanya guru Vhoriyamu basa, uchishandisa imwe inzira unyanzvi okuti. In mabhuku, ivo Classics zvinogona kuonekwa Somuenzaniso, muna nhetembo Koltsov, Tiutchev, wokuchamhembe, Gogol kwakaita prose, Prishvina nevamwe vazhinji. Raishandiswa zvizhinji. Zvichida ichi ndicho vakatsvaka-akawanda pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Mumabhuku, zviri pose pose. Uyezve, rinoshanda yesayenzi uye mbirikira, uye vakataura rugwaro pamwe chete nesimba uye kubudirira.

Dimikira uye somunhu

Mumwe inoshandiswa zvikuru pachishandiswa unyanzvi mashoko mumabhuku - dimikira rinoreva muchiGiriki kuti - chinja. Shoko kana mutongo rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira. Hwaro pano ndiyo Mhedziso kufanana zvinhu, zviitiko, zviito, etc. Kusiyana nevamwe enzaniso inonyatsobudisa tsindirana. Inotungamirira chete, nechii chete kana mumwe. Zvakafanana zvinogona inobva chimiro, ruvara, vhoriyamu, rwendo, manzwiro, etc. (A kaleidoscope zviitiko, chinopa rudo, gungwa mabhii, pfuma yemashoko nhetembo). Madimikira inogona rakakamurwa zvavo (zvakajairika mutauro) uye uri: chendarama maoko uye nyeredzi nedhaimani mafaro). In muupenyu kare uye madimikira kwesayenzi: yacho ozone rejeri, mhepo zuva, etc. Kubudirira mukurukuri munyori rugwaro kunoenderana zvinoreva romubati mashoko akashandiswa chii.

zviri muhwezva Kind, rakafanana enzaniso - musimboti, kana zviratidzo zvipenyu sangano vari kune zvinhu, zvatinofunga kana mananara zvakasikwa: avete hope bvungapfunga, mumatsutso zuva akarovererwa uye kudzima - vane zvakasikwa zvinoitika kakawanda, nezvahwo hunotaurwa nyika zvinhu - ona Ann. "The gitare uye uta," Mayakovsky "Cloud mutirauzi", Mamin-Siberian dzake "hunhu hwakanaka uye ushamwari chiso musha" uye zvakawanda. Kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva hatina cherechedzai vomukombiyuta: mudziyo inoti mhepo vachirapa, upfumi atanga kufamba, etc. Kunenge kuti pane nani nzira achishandisa unyanzvi okuti, matauriro, kupenda zvakawanda mavara pane musimboti.

Metonymy uye synecdoche

MuchiGiriki metonymy zvinoreva renaming, ndiro zita riri kubva chinhu nazvo, uko nechigadziko - contiguity. Very decorates ari narrator kushandiswa pachishandiswa unyanzvi mashoko, kunyanya akadai metonymy. Kukurukurirana panheyo adjacency angava zvinotevera:

• kugutsikana uye kugutsikana: kudya ndiro matatu;
• Vanyori nemabasa: kumutsamwira Homer;
• chiito chacho chombo: vakatongerwa minondo uye moto;
• chinhu uye chidzidzo zvinhu: nendarama kudyiwa;
• nzvimbo uye vatambi: guta ruzha.

Metonimija nopindirana pachishandiswa unyanzvi rokuti kutaura, naro akawedzera zvakajeka, zvakarurama, mufananidzo, uye zvakajeka, hapana epithet conciseness. Achiziva kushandisa, uye vanyori, uye nevanhu, izvozvo uzere kwezuva nezuva mashoko ose siyana muupenyu.

Uyewo, munhu worudzii metonymy - mumwe synecdoche, muchiGiriki - kuwirirana, zvakare, inobva yaitsiva zvinoreva chimwe chiitiko mumwe chinangwa, asi mumwe chete musimboti - the quantitative ukama pakati mananara kana zvinhu. Putira inogona sezvinotevera:

• usingashandi nokuda makuru (kwazviri shiri nhunzi, ingwe haana kutaura; kunwa girazi);
• chikamu rwose (Beard, kuti akanyarara? Moscow haana vanotenderwa zvirango).

Kupfupisa kana kupfupisa

Description kana anorondedzera mutongo muchiGiriki - dzokai, rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo mashoko kana mubatanidzwa mashoko - a kududzirwa. Somuenzaniso, Pushkin akanyora "zvisikwa naPetro", uye vose vanoziva kuti akanga achireva St. Petersburg. Kunoita kupfupisa zvinotevera:

• kuziva chikuru zviri chinhu, izvo tinomiririra;
• kudzivisa dzokororo (tautology);
• zvakajeka vanoongorora kuratidzwa;
• wedzera chinyorwa kutobaya pathos, pathos.

Shanduro dzokududzira impermissible chete mumabhizimisi uye wevakadzidza manyorerwo, asi zvimwe kune zvakawanda. In kwezuva nezuva kutaura kazhinji coexists pamwe ndyaringo, kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe izvi zvinoreva zviviri romubati okuti. mutauro Russian kunowedzerwa kubudikidza confluence pamusoro tropes siyana.

Gudziramukanwa uye litotes

Rokufananidzira rokuti chete kunyanya kuwedzerera vaiwanzoti kana kuramba unhu, zviito, kana zviitiko - ichi Gudziramukanwa (chiGiriki rakashandurwa sezvo Kuwedzeredza). Litotes - nekusiyana, ndiko musiyapaduku.

Pfungwa wanamatira kujairika chimiro, inopenya coloring mupfungwa, kutendeseka kupima. Zvikurukuru zvakanaka kubatsira kusika sekesa mifananidzo. Anoshandiswa venhau ive nzira zvinokosha romubati okuti. In mabhuku pasina tropes izvi zvakare, havagoni kuita: isingawanzowanikwi shiri Gogol kuchabhururuka chete pakati Dnieper; tuduku Kapukanana Krylov neyokuti rakawanda zvinenge basa rose chero munyori.

Ndyaringo uye kutsvinya

MuchiGiriki izwi iri rinoreva kuti unyengeri kuti kunoenderana nokushandiswa dzakarasika. Chii zvokurarama romubati okuti panodiwa kuti kusekwa? Statement kunge zvakapesana ayo aida zvinoreva kana yakanaka kuongororwa anovanza rinosekesa: akangwara musoro - kukumbira mbongoro ari ngano Krylov muenzaniso. "Unsinkable gamba" - ndyaringo zvaishandiswa yechinangwa venhau, izvo kazhinji akaisa Taridzamutauri kana mumabhuraketi. Tools kusika zvinoyevedza mashoko hazvirevi kupedza nayo. Zvinoshamisa kwazvo - akatsamwa, bhendesera - kazhinji kushandiswa kutsvinya: musiyano pakati aiva uye kunanga, uyewo nemaune nokufumura zvakaburitswa. Tsitsi, achiisa rakapinza - manyorero ake: I kakawanda nharo pamusoro manakiro oysters uye makokonati chete nevaya vakadya navo (Zhvanetskiy). Algorithm kutsvinya ari ngetani zviito: akaipa chakajairika tive kutsamwa, ipapo anouya maitiro - wokupedzisira mwero mupfungwa kubudirana pachena; zvakakodzwa nguruve zvinotyisa mapere nzara. Zvisinei, unofanira kushandisa kutsvinya akangwara sezvinobvira. Uye hazvisi kazhinji, kana munyori haisi nyanzvi satirist. Media kutsvinya kazhinji funga pachavo akangwara kupfuura vamwe. Zvisinei, hapana satirist haana kushanda kuti vawane goho rudo. Iye uye chitarisiko chake nguva dzose kuvimba zvinoreva romubati mashoko akashandiswa kuongorora chinyorwa chii. Kutsvinya - chombo devastatingly simba.

Non-yakachengeteka nzira mutauro Mutauro

Ipa kutaura subtlest mupfungwa nuances uye mashoko rubatsiro anofanana. Somuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa shoko "rudzi" panzvimbo "run" nokuti mukuru kuratidza simba. Uye kwete kwaari:

• kugadzirisa pfungwa uye kuchinjwa yenharaunda noruvara zvinoreva;
• Maonero pamusoro kuri reshiyo uye Copyright;
• zvikuru yakawedzera okuti;
• Kuziviswa zvakadzama mufananidzo.

Zviri zvakare nzira yakanaka okuti vari zvakare antonyms. Ivo kujekesa pfungwa, kunyepera kusiyana, zvizere maitiro mumwe kana mumwe Chiitiko: vaima bepa kuti marara mafashamo uye zvechokwadi ingano - rukova. Kubva antonyms zvikaitika zvikuru aida kugamuchira tsamba - the zvinyorwa zvokupikisa.

Vanyori vakawanda, uye chete ona-njere achida kutamba nemashoko, coinciding mu inzwi uye kunyange mutsamba asi izvo nevamwe zvirevo: yakaoma mukomana atonhodze kubika mvura Nokutonga pamahombekombe; furawa uye flours; Entries matatu gwapa kunyatsoongorora. Uye anecdote: Listen mabhosi? Ndizvo chaizvo, ndatenda ... uye airamba. It homonyms, homographs, uye homophones.

Mashoko akafanana ari chiperengo uye inzwi, asi anoreva zvakasiyana zvachose, zvakare, anowanzoshandiswa sezvo puns uye zvekupedzesa kuratidza simba pamwe nounyengeri kushandiswa. History - chemaneka; Maitre - millimeter, etc.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti izvi hazvisi huru nzira romubati kutaura, sezvo anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms, uye homonyms paronyms, mukuru uye mabhizimisi manyorerwo havasi kushandiswa.

dimikira

Zvikasadaro - tsumo wakagadzirira Mitsara mashoko, zvakare, akawedzera Mukurukuri kana munyori achitsetsenura. Rengano mufananidzo, mukuru kana ataura kuratidza Kukoshesa - akanaka kana kuti asina kunaka (diki furaya uye mboni ziso, lather mitsipa uye munondo Damocles) - ichi zvose kunosimbisa uye decorates zvakajeka fungidzira rwezuva. Salt Mitsara - rinokosha boka - aphorisms. pfungwa dzakadzama mu pfupi Bhaibheri. Nyore kuyeuka. Inowanzoshandiswa, uyewo nedzimwe nzira kutaura, mune imwe mabhuku acho. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvirevo uye mashoko.