Department kuparadzira Moss: zviri marongerwo uye kushanda, zviratidzo, kudya kunovaka, kubereka, mukuru maitiro uye kukosha. Vamiririri weDhipatimendi kupararira Moss

Department kuparadzira Moss anonziwo mosses vechokwadi uye bryophytes. Mhando dzose aibatanidza genera, zvinoriumba, akavapindurawo, mhuri vanenge 700 vanenge 120.

Department kupararira Moss mhuri: mukuru unhu

Vamiririri dhipatimendi - zviri kunyanya etuzvirimwa havasi anopfuura 50 mm pakureba. The chete kunze ndivo mvura mosses, iyo inogona kusvika kureba masendimita 50 uye epiphytes, izvo kunyange kwenguva.

Department anoreva taxon yepamusoro zvinomera. mhuri Moss ane vanenge 25 zviuru marudzi.

Kwekutanga dhipatimendi ichi kunze mosses, absented uyewo marchantiophyta antotserotovye uye mosses. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, taxa ava vakaparadzana madhipatimendi. Kazhinji, kutaura pamusoro unhu ose madhipatimendi izvi zvitatu, vave kuita kushandisa kurongwa seboka izwi bryophytes (Bryophytes).

Department Plants, uyewo mamwe vamiririri bryophytes, mamwe maitiro chokuita noupenyu kutenderera: ari predominance pamusoro haploid gametophyte munhu diploid sporophyte.

nyaya

Characteristics dhipatimendi kupararira Moss kunoratidza kuti mosses, uyewo mamwe spore, mune shanduka mashoko vaibva psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), kuri yekare yakatotsakatika pano zvirimwa. Sporophyte pamusoro mosses anonzi tuso nedanho rutapudzo pakati rwamadzitateguru mapazi sporophytes.

Asi pane imwe pfungwa kuti zvinoratidza kuti mosses vane lycopsids uye Rhyniophyta hwakabva chinotokurudzira zvikuru yekare boka zvinomera. The tanga paleontological anowana kwakatanga mukupera Devonian - mangwanani Carboniferous.

tsananguro zvoutachiona

mhuri Moss kunoratidzwa ndechokuti vamiririri vayo havana maruva, midzi, vascular hurongwa. Vari ne spores kubereka, ichiibvira mu sporangia sporophyte.

Koshesa mu haploid gametophyte upenyu kutenderera chinhu perennial minyoro, kazhinji vane mashizha-divi protuberances, uye protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mapoka dzakakwirira zvinomera, vamiririri vemhuri Moss vane nyore yakarongeka. Rinonyanya kwemarudzi kuti tine hunde uye mashizha, pane vashomanana chine webwe uye thallus.

Asi nemashizha madzinde pamusoro mosses hazvisi zvechokwadi, avo masayendisiti mutauro unonzi kaulidii uye Phyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, riri pamusoro hunde ari zononoka. Vane ndiro rose. The tsinga haisi nguva dzose

Sporophyte havana kukwanisa midzi, uye ari gametophyte kurudyi. Sporophyte chinomiririrwa matatu zvinoriumba: Kamudzira (sporangium), pamwe dzichiri spores mariri; gumbo (sporophores) iro bhokisi; kurega kupa vasiri kusakarongeka pamwe gametophyte.

In mosses pane zvinoverengeka unhu kuti kusiyanisa kubva zvose yepamusoro miriwo. Izvi kushaya pamidzi, iro ndanyarara hangu nokuvapo vakawanda rhizoids. Uchibatsirwa yavo, muti uye wanamatira kuti substrate uye rinewo zvishomanana Absorção de Água kuti unyoro. Zvikurukuru, Absorção de Água muitiro rinoitwa mu yepazasi chikamu chirimwa.

Pane kuitwa, conductive, chitoro uye chifukidzo jira. Asi mossy hapana vascular chaiyo uye zvemaziso munyama, nepo zvose yepamusoro miriwo ikoko.

The nharaunda nokuparadzirwa

Nokuda kwayo unpretentiousness mosses vakapararira mumakondinendi ose, kunyange Antarctica, uye kazhinji kukura mune ezvinhu zvakanyanyisa zvakatipoteredza.

Kazhinji, mosses kukura batana clumps. Shaded nzvimbo, kazhinji pedyo napedyo kuna dura, ndiyo yakanaka zvakatipoteredza Moss. Asi unogona kukura mune akazaruka uye akaoma munzvimbo.

mhuri Moss zvinosanganisira mhuka dzakadaro izvo kurarama Freshwater madziva. Asi zvomugungwa haazi pakati pavo kunyange zvazvo pane mhando dzakawanda vakarara matombo mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno.

Department kupararira Moss: ukoshi

Musango:

• muri mapato kusika chaiyo biocenosis, kunyanya apo pasi chakafukidzwa zvinenge chose (achinaya mvura);
• Moss pabutiro rinoungana uye anobata mwaranzi inopisa;
• kwaniso yekubata uye kuramba tiine yakawanda mwando chinokonzera zvinobatanidzwa murau mvura nengaidzo nharaunda.

Mabasa vanhu:

• dzinobatsira eutrophication ivhu, saka rezasi yacho kunyatsoshanda munyika yekurima;
• rokushandura muitiro rinoitwa dzakafanana eko mvura pachivande, iyo inodzivirirawo ivhu pamusoro ngura;
• dzimwe mhando sphagnum chikwindi inoshandiswa mukurapa sezvo dressings;
• Sphagnum mosses ndiwo anokonzera peat inotungamirwa.

kupatsanura

Zviratidzo wedhipatimendi vakawaridza Moss, pasinei kwayo generality, asi achititadzisa patsanura vamiririri dhipatimendi rimwe voga mapoka mashomanana.

Kudeuka boka miti kungova dhipatimendi - boka chaiye (vachiwaridza mosses). Chinosanganisira subclasses yakasvibirira sphagnum chikwindi uye Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Nzvimbo nokuti mosses ndivo ivhu, muti hunde dzacho, matombo uye matenga edzimba, asi kukura zvakanaka mune munyoro mumasango, izvo zvinoumba chinoramba makapeti.

zvirimwa izvi zvaisanganisira mumhuri Moss, chaizvo vazhinji. Chinonyanya chaiwo mumiririri MUNOGONA Kukushkin neshinda. Madzinde vari tote hazvina mapazi, dzine akafukidza yavo nepaburi Linear-lanceolate mashizha. Órgãos uye archegonium antheridium akaita misoro madzinde vanhu kazhinji kukura pedyo. In antheridia achiumbwa dvuhzhgutikovyh spermatozoa mune archegonia - mumwe wakaiswa zai.

Munguva yacho yakawanda mvura (mvura kana dova rinorema) inotanga muchangosangana. Mvura kunodiwa sezvo urume kushambira kuburikidza nawo archegonium. Kana zygote akaumba, kubvira pakutanga kwake kukudziridza sporophyte. It pachako hakusi chine musoro, uyewo zvose miriwo ndeve mhuri Moss. Power sporophyte tichiregeredza munhukadzi gametophyte.

Kamudzira sporogony unotora sporangium. Pane paumbwe haploid spores. Kana vakura, ivo spores kuwana zvakakwana hope. Anopararira zvavo mhepo. Kana zvinhu zvose zvakanaka, kuti spores imere uye kupa simukai protonema vane mapazi chimiro munyoro filaments.

sphagnum mosses

Sphagnum mosses (350 rudzi) vari rimwe boka zvinomera anoumba boka chikwindi chaiyo, Moss mhuri. General maitiro uye kukosha mosses aya zvinoverengeka zvinhu. Sphagnum - ichi ndicho chete nhangemutange subclass ichi.

Ivo vanoonekwa ne kusavapo rhizoids, nekuti icho chekubuda mvura ichiputswa zvicherwa kunoitika zvakananga masero nemashizha madzinde. Pamusoro hunde yacho gametophyte muri whorls nemapazi, izvo, akavapindurawo, vari vakaronga mashizha. Idzowo imwe nzira yokubudisa riri pamusoro mukuru akabatana.

In Mashizha sphagnum Moss hapana midrib. In izvi nezvemarudzi maviri masero: vapenyu - vanonzwisisa (refu uye yakatetepa, pamwe chloroplasts) uye vakafa (pasina protoplasm, nemvumi pamadziro vane pores). The mhando muchitokisi chechipiri chiri hunde. anatomical kwakadaro nemamiriro hunde uye mashizha sphagnum rinobvumira kuti kupinza uye vazvidavirire chitsama mvura kuti yaro uremu kunogona kusapfuudza uremu chirimwa ka30. Imhaka ichi, ivhu iro kukura sphagnum mosses vari kusangana mvura zvakawandisa uye doro zvishoma nezvishoma.

Saka siyana ndiyo mhuri Moss. Kubereka kwese sphagnum chikwindi, pamwe musiyano chete kubva dzimwe nhengo wedhipatimendi, uye kuti antheridia archegonium inogona kuumbwa kwete chete pane pedyo inokosha, asi musi iwoyo chirimwa.

Feature sphagnum Moss ari kugara vakai-kwechibayiro hunde muromo uye unooma ari pasi. Asi kwete wevakafa kuora zvachose, nokuti waterlogged ivhu rine zvishoma okisijeni, izvo zvinokosha kukura ivhu tusingaoneki kuita manyowa kuti chirimwa residues.

Shure kwenguva yakareba kuunganidza yakawanda Organic zvinhu muchimiro peat. peat inotungamirwa - kwacho chinono chaizvo: about 1 masendimita mumakore 10 kusvika 1 M - kwemakore ane chiuru.

Andreeva mosses

Green uye sphagnum mosses - kupfuura dzakawanda boka uwandu kwemarudzi zvinomera anoumba mhuri Moss. General maitiro uye kukosha rimwe boka, pasinei waro duku nhamba, kubvumira kuti govera nayo ari oga taxonomic chimwe. Subclass Andreeva mosses inomirirwa imwe mhuri uye imwe mhando Andrea. In kuparadzirwa - usinganyanyi uye kuchitonhora kumatunhu vose hemispheres. Kurai dzemakomo pamatombo nematombo.

Gametophyte kachitanga kunyange mugakava. Chokutanga, masero otanga uye ipapo kuputsa goko kusawirirana. In chete-rukoko shizha homogeneous masero. The mashizha richireba pamusoro, pova hygroscopic bvudzi. The madzinde havasi mwanda vascular.

Sporogonia akapa bhokisi uye haustoria. Box haana muvharo. Kana cracking walnut pamusoro spores kupinda kunze kuburikidza pakakoromoka 4 riri pakati ichibhabhamisa.

Saka, boka guru yepamusoro spore zvinomera zviri nhamba yechipiri bedzi maruva - navanopinda kupararira Moss mhuri. Zvakakurukurwa marongerwo uye kushanda vamiririri idzi umambo miti unotipa kuvati amphibians, sezvo avanotarisira kurarama panyika (kunze hwemvura mosses), uye anogona muwande chete pamberi mvura.