Paramecium caudatum: marongerwo uye nzira maberekero

Paramecium caudatum - a zvakajairika rudzi kuti muri boka nyore zvipenyu. It anogara mumvura mitumbi yakachena akamira ane zvakakwana mari Organic zvinhu, izvo vanodzirurira. Nenzira, sechivako ciliate-shangu anonzi yakaomesesa boka iri zvipenyu.

General unhu

Paramecium caudatum - unicellular muviri ane chimiro chaizvoizvo afanane inotsikwa shangu uye rakaramba nokuda rizere rokunze rukoko yacho cytoplasm. mitumbi All mhuka yakafukidzwa akawandisa cilia, izvo akarongwa longitudinal pemitsara. basa ravo chikuru - kufamba.

Rinoenderera Paramecium caudatum kungopotsera magumo kutanga. Cilia kufamba zvishoma kunonoka hama kune mumwe. Kana anozunungusa muviri zvakare rotates kumativi akabatana.

Zvayaiva pakati vanonzi cilia trichocysts - duku chokurukisa-zvakaumbwa organelles, izvo kuita mashandiro kudzivirirwa. Mumwe trichocysts ine muviri uye muromo iyo pamberi tide (kudhumhana, kudziyisa, kutonhora) rinooneka vanogumurwa.

Paramecium caudatum: mamiriro

Unorema muviri - nayo endoplasma, kana mvura chikamu cytoplasm. Ectoplasm riri pedyo cytoplasmic Kamudzira ane gobvu unaku nokuumba ine pellicle.

Kugaya. Paramecium caudatum anodya utachiona uye ane panzvimbo pachangu cellular zvomudumbu hurongwa. Pedyo pamberi kuguma muviri perioral fanera, ane pemvura womukati akafuka cilia yakaoma maitiro. Movement pamusoro cilia akasika aibuda, izvo zviri vakanwa uye zvigare. Uyezve inotonhorera nezvimedu kuwira huro, idzo kurira kwepfuti cilia, uye chete ipapo - pamuromo. By endocytosis zvinovaka muviri kupinda zvomudumbu vacuole. Zvakasara goho kuburikidza yakananga organelle - poroshitsu.

Majini zvokunyama. Paramecium caudatum ane cores zviviri - guru (macronucleus) uye diki (micronucleus). Micronucleus rine kwakakwana akagadzirwa magene mashoko uye kutora chikamu mune zvepabonde kubereka yacho muviri. Macronucleus mhosva kwetunhu mapuroteni yeimwe.

Zindoga uye kufema. Paramecium caudatum anogona kuvapo kunyange panguva yakaderera chaizvo okisijeni kuwanda mumvura. Kunyura okisijeni pepasi.

Sezvambotaurwa, nyore muviri anogara mumvura yakachena uye nokuda wevasungwa kusiyana zvaanoda osmoregulation hurongwa. Ciliate contractile vacuole ane mbiri - mberi uye neshure, rimwe nerimwe riri mapazi tubules hurongwa. zvakawandisa Urume uye yechipiri metabolic zvigadzirwa anounganidzwa uye akaratidza muna tubules ose vacuoles mune zvakatipoteredza. Both organelles vari kuderedzwa rave, kamwe ose 15-20 seconds.

Kubereka ciliate-shangu

Nokuti muviri ichi inozivikanwa se pabonde uye asexual kubereka.

Asexual kubereka rinoitwa muchinjikwa sero nokupesana mukati zviviri zvakaenzana zvikamu. Panyaya iyi, muviri anoramba chinoshingaira mamiriro. Izvi zvinoteverwa asi kunzwisisa patsva chichiitwa, panguva iyo chikamu nerimwe muviri rinopedzisa anodiwa organelles.

Bonde pakati vanhu vaviri kwakaitwa conjugation. Ciliates kwenguva akanamatirana pamwe chete, uye chepakutanga zambuko pakati cytoplasm achiumbwa pakati hukawanika dzavo. Macronuclear zvose zvinenge anoparadzwa, uye vaduku cores vakakamurwa meiosis.

Munda chinoumba achiumbwa mina haploid yakatarwa okutodza. Uyezve, vatatu vacho vakaurayiwa, uye vanosara mugove kubudikidza mitosis, achiumba maviri protonukleusa - munhurume nomunhukadzi. Utachiona Exchange "rume" protonukleusami. Zvadaro Fusion rikaitika nerimwe nuclei maviri, uye vakagadzirira sinkariaona. Zvadaro unopfuura mitosis, pashure iyo mumwe aumba nuclei inova macronucleus, uye wechipiri - micronucleus.