Arsenic oxide: kugadzirira uye zvivako

In zvakadaro Periodic table Kufananidzira, akadai Arsenic, izvozvo ane nzvimbo iri simbi - nonmetal. By basa ravo riri pakati sehydrogen yemhangura. Non-esimbi hunhu runoonekwa mune chokwadi chokuti anogona kuratidza mwero wakati oxidation -3 (dota ₃ - arsine). Compounds uine oxidation mamiriro +3 vane amphoteric zvivako, uye mwero +5 vanoratidza zvayo acidic ehupfumi. Chii Arsenic oxide?

Oxides uye hydroxides

Zvinotevera Arsenic oxides: Sezvo ₂ O ₃ uye sezvo ₂ O _5. Panewo unoenderana hydroxides:

• Metamyshyakovistaya asidhi Haso _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya iine acid H ₃ Aso _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya asidhi Haso _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya iine acid H ₃ Aso _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya iine acid H ₂ Sezvo ₄ O _7.

Chii Arsenic trioxide?

Arsenic oxide unoumba vaviri izvo Sezvo ₂ O ₃ ane zita trioxide. fuma iyi, iro rinoshandiswa kunorapwa, asi haisi mhembwewo namakemikari. Izvi inorganic remubatanidzwa riri guru rine organoarsenicheskih yeimwe (yeimwe ane kabhoni chisungo c) nevamwe vakawanda. Vazhinji kushandiswa Sezvo ₂ O ₃ vari pamakakatanwa nokuda chepfu yezvakaita maatomu akafanana. Zita remubatanidzwa ichi Trade ndiye Trisenox.

General ruzivo pamusoro trioxide

Makemikari yokuita Arsenic trioxide ane zvinotevera chimiro Sezvo ₂ O _3. The samolecular kurema mukomboni ndiyo 197,841 g / mol. Pane nzira dzakawanda kuwana oxide ichi. Mumwe wavo ari roasting kuti sulphide esimbi. Makemikari kuita sezvinotevera:

2As ₂ O ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ O ₃ + 6Saka ₂

Vazhinji oxides kunogona kuwanikwa somunhu byproduct pakati kubudiswa mamwe ores. Arsenopyrite vanowanzochema tsvina nendarama nemhangura, uye anosunungura Arsenic trioxide, kana neshungu pamberi mhepo. Izvi zvingaita kuti zvakakomba chepfu.

The nemamiriro Arsenic trioxide

Arsenic trioxide ane nzira Sezvo ₄ O ₆ nemvura uye gasi maitikiro (pazasi 800 ° C). In maitikiro izvi, zviri isostructural pamwe fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Zvisinei, pane kutonhora pamusoro 800 ° C Sezvo ₄ O ₆ collapses kuti samolecular Sezvo ₂ O _3. Kuyaruka zviri isostructural pamwe diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ O _3). In yayo rakasimba mamiriro, remubatanidzwa ichi zvinoratidza polymorph kugona (kukwanisa kurarama mbiri kana kupfuura nzira sekristaro mamiriro).

Properties ose Arsenic trioxide

Vamwe dzinokosha zvivako zviri Arsenic trioxide ndeinotevera:

• trioxide mhinduro vanoumba simba asidhi nemvura. Izvi imhaka yokuti amphoteric mukomboni chiri namavara akanaka oxide.
• Hazvina soluble mu alkaline mhinduro uye anopa arsenate.
• Arsenic trioxide ane mukuru solubility mu hydrochloric asidhi (HCl), uye pakupedzisira inopa pfungwa yokushanda Arsenic trichloride uye acid.
• Rinopa pentoxide (Sezvo ₂ O ₅₎ pamberi simba oxidants akadai hydrogen peroxide, ozone uye nitric acid.
• Iye anenge insoluble mune zvinoita zvokufembedzwa.
• Zvinoita kufanana chena yakasimba utano chakaipa.
• It ane utsotso zvokusvika 312,2 ° C uye Kubika achitandadza 465 ° C.
• The arambe achirema iri acho 4.15 g / masendimita ^3.

Kushandiswa Arsenic trioxide mune zvokurapa

mushonga uyu boka antineoplastic vamiririri, uye rinoshandiswa pakurapa kenza. Arsenic toxicity zvinozivikanwa. Zvisinei, Arsenic trioxide ane mishonga zvinodhaka anoshandiswa kurapa mamwe kenza kwemakore akawanda. Kugadzirisa rakashandiswa kurapwa ichi anonzi mhinduro Fowler. Muna 1878 godu Boston City Hospital akashuma kuti ichi chigadzikiso kungashanda kuderedza leukocytes muvanhu.

Somugumisiro ₂ O ₃ yakanga ainyanya kushandiswa pakurapa neleukemia, sezvo refu kusvikira yakatsiva radiotherapy. Asi pashure 1930s, zvishoma nezvishoma akatangazve mukurumbira wayo pakurapa neleukemia, chero bedzi paiva mishonga ano. Izvi Arsenic oxide ichaongororwa nzira kurapa echirwere myelogenous neleukemia yakanakisisa. Kunyange nhasi fuma iyi inoshandiswa kurapa imwe mhando chakasimba promyelocytic neleukemia pamwe kundikana retinoid kana anthracycline mishonga. Rinoshandiswawo kurapa chirwere myeloid neleukemia, vakawanda myeloma, chenjera myeloid neleukemia, rwekenza yelymphoma, kenza nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa.

kushandisa trioxide

Arsenic trioxide zvinowanzodavirwa chinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi Hauoneki rinoonekera. remubatanidzwa Izvi zvaibatsira zvemagetsi kuvaka semiconductors uye zvimwe alloys. Rinoshandiswa pendi. Arsenic trioxide kungashanda mukurapa anomera muuropi.

Kare, fuma iri rinoshandiswa dentistry, asi nokuti zvikuru chepfu remubatanidzwa kushandiswa dentistry yemazuva ano dzakavharwa. Arsenic oxide (Sezvo ₂ O Formula ₃₎ rinoshandiswawo sezvo zvisaora huni, asi zvinhu izvozvo kunorambidzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi. Akabatana Arsenic trioxide mhangura acetate anopa rakajeka munyoro ruvara.

zvikuru chepfu fuma

Trioxide pacharwo refu azvipire toxicity. Naizvozvo, unofanira nguva dzose zvinodiwa matanho usati kurishandisa. Zvinogona kuva nengozi zvikuru zvinotevera nyaya:

• Meal. Kana Sezvo ₂ O _3, netsaona anopinda zvomudumbu turakiti, unofanira pakarepo kubvunza chiremba. Hazvina varumbidzwa kuedza kunyengedza kurutsa asati kutsvaka rubatsiro. Zvakakosha kubvisa chero zvakasimba zvipfeko, ndimugure chisungo ake, unbutton pakora, bhandi uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Contact ganda. Kana kubatana chero pose muviri hwobva kugeza njodzi nzvimbo ine mvura yakawanda. Utachiona mbatya neshangu vanofanira kubviswa pakarepo, uye vanofanira kushamba asati shandisazve. Kana zvikuru ganda kuonana, unofanira pakarepo kurapwa. It angabatsira disinfecting nekushambidza utachiona nzvimbo nesipo uye antibacterial ruomba kushanda.
• Eye nevateereri. Kana Sezvo ₂ O ₃ anouya neZvapupu maziso, chinhu chokutanga kuita kubvisa chero kuonana lenses uye ziso nemvura kwemaminitsi 15. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mvura inotonhora. Parallel iyi, munhu ane kudana amburenzi.
• Inhalation. Vanhu vanenge inhaled gasi, anofanira kuiswa yakasiyana nzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena. Uyewo, unofanira pakarepo kurapwa. Kana chinetso kufema, okisijeni anofanira pakarepo kuzviita. Kana munhu haakwanisi ufuridzire pamusoro yavo, unofanira kupa chakagadzirwa afemeruke.
• remubatanidzwa ichi angava hunokachidza kukanganisa vanhu. Kana ingestion kuna yakawandisa Arsenic trioxide, zvingava kunyange kurufu. Safety magirazi uye magiravhusi vanofanira kugara kushandiswa kana kushanda Sezvo ₂ O _3. Basa vanofanira nguva dzose kuitwa zvakanaka-ventilated nzvimbo.

nemishonga

Common divi migumisiro fuma iyi anosanganisira zviratidzo zvakadai:

• murombo havi;
• kurutsa;
• svoto;
• abdominal kurwadziwa;
• kupatira;
• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• nekuneta;
• dzungu;
• fivhiri;
• kufema matambudziko;
• yakakwirira pamwero leukocytes;
• BP shuga;
• ganda nekumhanyirira.

Ishoma nemishonga dzinosanganisira:

• muromo yakaoma;
• dzisingapindirani kufema;
• bhokisi marwadzo;
• yakaderera kwevari leucocytes;
• tsandanyama uye mapfupa kurwadziwa;
• kuzvimba kumeso uye meso;
• manyoka;
• tremor;
• ropa shoma;
• Low wokufema muropa.

Rare divi migumisiro Sezvo ₂ O _3:

• mugari kurova kwehana (izvo kungatoita kurufu);
• kufuta;
• kufenda;
• ndisipo kufunga;
• chaanoziva;
• zvimba dumbu;
• achiipa ganda.

Upenyu-vachityisidzira zviratidzo yokuwana Arsenic trioxide - munhu kufuta, fivha, zvakaoma kufema, kupfupika mweya, muchipfuva marwadzo, chikosoro.

Arsenic trioxide munhu zvikuru chepfu fuma, izvo kungatoita kuti kurasikirwa neupenyu. Kunyange zvakadaro, chinofanira kubatsira mune zvokurapa. Tinofanira nguva dzose kutora matanho okudzivirira.

nemakemikari

Arsenic trioxide chinhu amphoteric yepamusoro oxides ose Arsenic yayo aqueous mhinduro dziri zvakaneta acidic. Saka, zviri nyore soluble mune alkaline mhinduro vawane arsenates. Zviri zvishoma soluble mu acids, kunze hydrochloric.

Chete simba oxidants akadai ozone hydrogen peroxide uye nitric acid, zviri aumba kubva Arsenic Penta-oxide ine mwero acidity 5 Sezvo ₂ O _5. Achitaura oxidation nemishonga, Arsenic trioxide wakasiyana phosphorus trioxide, iyo nyore kupiswa kuti phosphorus pentoxide. Rutapudzo anopa zvokuvamba Arsenic kana arsine (nedota _3).

Arsenic pentoxide

Chemical Formula pentoxide iri Sezvo ₂ O _5. Its vakawanda matadza pamusoro 229.8402 g / mol. Zviri chena hygroscopic upfu ane arambe achirema pamusoro 4,32 g / masendimita ^3. Utsotso nguva inosvika 315 ° C, panguva iyo rwunotanga anoora. The fuma ine solubility zvakanaka mvura uye doro. Arsenic oxide ehupfumi kuti kwazvo chepfu uye ngozi kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvi remubatanidzwa inorganic iri ishoma, zvikuru chepfu uye saka anowana chete shoma vezvokutengeserana chikumbiro, kusiyana yepamusoro Arsenic oxide (Sezvo ₂ O Formula _3).

Arsenic anozivikanwa zvikurukuru somunhu muchetura uye carcinogen. trioxide Its - remvura soluble upfu, iyo inobereka Hauoneki, shata uye odorless mhinduro. Yaiva nzira yakakurumbira yokuuraya kuMiddle Ages. Kushandiswa kwaro anopfuurira nhasi, asi chinangwa chokuunza runyararo uye zviduku zvakawanda.