Relativistic PARTICIPLE uremu

Muna 1905, Albert Einstein akabudisa dzidziso yake relativity, iro zvishoma yakachinja pfungwa sayenzi kwenyika. Pachishandiswa zvekungofungira ake payakavakirwa relativistic guru rwaiwanikwa.

Special Dzidziso relativity

The Chaizvoizvo yose iri chokwadi kuti hurongwa zvinofamba hama kune mumwe, chero pezvakaitwa anoverengeka kutora nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvakananga, chinotaurwa Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera uremu pamwe kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Kana velocity inofamba wegadziriro iri shoma zvikuru pane velocity yechiedza (υ << C = 3 × 10 ^8), kuchinja aya anenge asina kuoneka, sezvo vachagara vanowanzotevedzera razero. Zvisinei, kana motokari nokukurumidza pedyo kumhanya chiedza (semuenzaniso, zvakaenzana chimwe mugumi izvozvo), ipapo zvinhu zvakadai uremu, urefu uye nguva ipi neipi kwacho shanduko. Tichibatsirwa zvinotevera Masvomhu anogona overenga tsika idzi nenzira inonakidza waverenga reference, kusanganisira - mukanyiwa munhu relativistic PARTICIPLE.

Apo k _0, m ₀ uye T ₀ - kureba muviri, mukanyiwa uye mutoo ari mira ino, uye υ - kumhanya chinhu.

Maererano Einstein pfungwa, hapana muviri hausi kukwanisa kusvika mukuru nokukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya chiedza.

zororo guru

Q relativistic PARTICIPLE zororo gobvu kunoitika dzinoti mu relativity pfungwa, kana muviri uremu kana zvacho vanotanga kuchinja zvichienderana nokukurumidza. Saizvozvowo, vamwe vakawanda rinonzi muviri uremu, riri huri nguva yakayerwa pa zororo (pasina inofamba), i.e. velocity raro razero.

Relativistic muviri uremu imwe huru parameters netsananguro inofamba.

enzanirana musimboti

Pashure chitarisiko Einstein pfungwa zvinoda vamwe dzokororo yaishandiswa emakore akawanda Newtonian Vanamakanika, aisagona kushandiswa kana kufunga bhuku mapuranga, kutamira ari kumhanya rakafanana kumhanya chiedza. Saka, zvose zvaida kuchinja simba equations uchishandisa Lorentz kushandurwa - kuchinja muviri Coordonatele kana pfungwa uye nguva apo muitiro yokuchinjira pakati inertial bhuku enyika. Tsananguro date kushanduka inobva chokwadi kuti zvose inertial puranga zvose mitemo wefizikisi basa zvakaenzana uye zvakaenzana. Saka, mirayiro yemasikirwe vasiri chero nzira kuvimba kusarudza nezvezvinotaurwa hurongwa.

Kubva Lorentz kuchinja coefficient uye kunoratidzwa inokosha relativistic Vanamakanika, sezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro uye zita pamwe netsamba α.

Nheyo enzanirana iri nyore - anoti kuti chero dzidziso itsva zvikurukuru chiitiko chipi vachapa zvakafanana sezvo yapfuura mumwe. Zvakananga, mune relativistic hurongwa nayo zvinoratidzwa ndechokuti panguva aimhanya kuti vari kudzika zvikuru pane kumhanya chiedza, mitemo dzenhoroondo hurongwa anoshandiswa.

relativistic PARTICIPLE

Relativistic PARTICIPLE chinonzi PARTICIPLE kuti zvinofamba panguva kumhanya rakafanana kumhanya chiedza. inofamba yavo kunorondedzerwa chinokosha relativity. Pane kunyange boka nezvimedu vane kuvapo zvinogoneka chete achityaira kumhanya chiedza - izvi zvinonzi zvacho pasina vakawanda kana chete massless, sezvo vamwe gobvu ndiro razero, saka zviri rakasiyana inoramba kuti vasina zvakafanana iwayo dzisiri relativistic, dzenhoroondo hurongwa .

Kureva, mukanyiwa munhu relativistic PARTICIPLE rokuzorora kungava razero.

PARTICIPLE anganzi relativistic kana ayo kinetic simba anogona kuenzaniswa simba iro kunoratidzwa zvinotevera payakavakirwa.

mutoo uyu anosarudza mamiriro kwaida nokukurumidza.

The simba pamusoro nezvimedu kunogonawo kuva kupfuura dzipere simba - izvi zvinonzi ultrarelativistic.

Kutsanangura kufamba inoramba yakadaro yakashandiswa quantum makanika uye quantum kazhinji munda dzidziso kuti rondedzero akawanda.

chitarisiko

inoramba yakadaro (relativistic uye Ultra-relativistic) kuripo dzinongoitika muchimiro bedzi yepasi pose nemwaranzi, kuti ndiye nemwaranzi, panobva chiri kunze paNyika remagetsi hunhu. Man, izvo zvinosikwa artificially mu chaiyo accelerators - kuvashandisa somunhu emapoka mhando inoramba dzawanikwa, uye nyora ichi nguva dzose achiudza. marongero akadaro ndiko, somuenzaniso, Large Hadron Collider riri kuSwitzerland.

Emerging pamwe β-kuora maerekitironi zvinogona dzimwe nguva kusvika yakakwana nokukurumidza kuitira kuti kupa kune boka relativistic. Relativistic Erekitironi uremu kunogona kuwanika pamusoro Masvomhu izvi.

Pfungwa vakawanda

Weight Newtonian hurongwa ane kunyorerana ehupfumi dzakawanda:

• The rinokweva uchikwezvwa miviri zvauya nokuda kwavo uremu, kureva, zvakananga kunoenderana payo.
• uremu muviri hakunei kusarudza nezvezvinotaurwa maitiro uye haachinji kana ayo change.
• inertia ane muviri kunoonekwa kwayo uremu.
• Kana muviri anochengeterwa nehurongwa umo hapana pezvakaitwa regai kuitika uye inova yakavharwa, ayo vakawanda vachange anongoda hapana shanduko (kunze diffusion kutapurirana umo nezvishoma anononoka chaizvo).
• Rinoumba body mass inoumbwa mukanyiwa waro nomumwe zvikamu.

Nheyo relativity

• Galileo kwakaita nheyo relativity.

Pfungwa iyi akagadzira vasiri relativistic Vanamakanika, uye runoratidzwa sezvinotevera: pasinei nemamiriro yozorora, kana vanoita chero kufamba, zvose kwemasayendisiti mavari mberi saizvozvo.

• Einstein kwakaita nheyo relativity.

Pfungwa iyi tichishandisa zvinotaurwa maviri:

1. MuGarireya relativity musimboti inoshandiswa iyi. Kureva, munhu chete zvachose zvose mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa kushanda saizvozvo.
2. Kumhanya chiedza nguva dzose uye zvachose mune bhuku zvose mapuranga ndiro, zvisinei kumhanya kwebasa chiedza tsime uye chinovhara (chiedza mugamuchiri). Kuti aratidze chokwadi ichi, vakawanda kuedza, izvo kunosimbiswa zvakakwana kwokutanga kufembera.

Mukanyiwa ari relativistic uye Newtonian hurongwa

• Kusiyana Newtonian hurongwa, mune relativistic guru dzidziso haagoni kuva nechiyero uwandu zvinhu. Uye zvirokwazvo relativistic gobvu kunoyerwa zvakawanda kwazvo nzira, ndokusiya zvinoita kutsanangura Somuenzaniso, kuvapo nezvimedu pasina vakawanda. In relativistic hurongwa, kutaura simba pane vakawanda - ndiko kuti huru determinant upi muviri kana chepuraimari PARTICIPLE, raro simba kana tichimhanya. Zvechivhurumukira Zvinokwanisika zvinotevera fomura.

• Zvisinei, vamwe vakawanda pamusoro PARTICIPLE chinhu chinokosha chaizvo kuchiitwa - mutengo wayo kwazvo duku uye uwandu isina, saka muri yakakodzera kuyerwa pamwe kunonyanyisa zvakarurama uye nokukurumidza. Energy PARTICIPLE zororo anogona kuwanikwa zvinotevera payakavakirwa.

• Saizvozvowo Newton dzidziso iri yoga ino kurema iri kugara, i.e., haachinji nguva. Uyewo hazvina haachinji uye kuchinja kubva CO kune mumwe.
• Hapana zvachose pasina chiyero inertia of zvinofamba muviri.
• The relativistic guru inonakidza muviri hakubvi pakutsvaga pokudzora rinokweva mauto pamusoro payo.
• Kana muviri kurema akaenzana razero, zvichataurirana kufamba kumhanya chiedza. The neizvi hachisi chokwadi - kumhanya chiedza kungakanganisa kwete chete massless inoramba.
• The zvachose nesimba relativistic nezvimedu runobvira uchishandisa zvinotevera okuti:

Hunhu vakawanda

Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, sainzi zvaifungwa kuti mukanyiwa upi PARTICIPLE kunokonzerwa remagetsi hunhu, asi zvevakomana zvakazivikanwa kuti nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kutsanangura chete chiduku chikamu - ndiwo mupiro mukuru unobva hunhu simba nekuita, kunobva gluons. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haigoni kutsanangurwa mukanyiwa ane gumi nezvimedu, hunhu izvo asati elucidated.

Relativistic vakawanda kuwedzera

Mugumisiro theorems zvose uye mitemo pamusoro apa kungaratidzwa zvakajeka kukwana, uye zvinoshamisa muitiro. Kana muviri mumwe ichifamba hama mumwe chero akurumidze, ayo parameters uye nezvitunha mukati, kana muviri yepakutanga ane hurongwa shanduko. Chokwadi, panguva yakaderera aimhanya ari anenge asina kuva kuoneka, asi mugumisiro vacharamba aripo.

Mumwe anogona kumbotipa muenzaniso nyore - imwe ndima nguva ari kufambisa pa 60 km / h chitima. Ipapo mutoo rinowanikwa coefficient kuti kusiyana pakati parameters.

mutoo uyu akanga hunorondedzerwawo pamusoro. Dzinomiririra ose mashoko mairi (apo munenge ≈ 1 · 10 ⁹ km / h) pamwe anotevera results:

Zviri pachena, kuchinja ishoma zvikuru uye haachinji chokupika maawa zvekuti chakange kuoneka.