Cars, Motokari
Automatic Transmission - sei kushandisa? nokuchinja modes, uye otomatiki kuzvidzora
Nhasi, vatyairi zhinji ruzivo, uye vatyairi pamwe ruzivo, achisarudza wakazviitira motokari ane otomatiki hutachiwana. Beginners vanowanzotevedzera kuti kutya kakawanda vanofanira kuchinja rachulis kana uchifamba, zvakanaka vatyairi unyanzvi kungoti akaonga zvawo mukana wakadzikama uye akayera kufamba pamusoro muchina vakapakata otomatiki hutachiwana. Asi kana ruzivo anotenga motokari yake, kazhinji haazivi sei kuti zvakakodzera kushandisa chete "otomatiki". Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvidzidziswi wokutyaira zvikoro, uye nokuti inobata motokari kuchengeteka uye upenyu basa nokupfuuridzirwa zvigadziriswe. Ngatione kuti zvakakodzera kuti kushandisa otomatiki hutachiwana, kuti arege kuva nematambudziko nayo mune ramangwana.
Mhando otomatiki transmissions
Tisati tataura pamusoro sei kuenda automatic, unofanira kufunga mhando vezvikwata kuti mukwanisi ano motokari vagadziri. Basa chii howa runobva ndiye bhokisi chete kana siyana zvinoenderana kuishandisa.
Gidrotransformatornaya PPC
Zvichida ichi ndicho akakurumbira uye dzekare mhinduro. Gidrotransformatornymi mhando vakagadzirira pamwe vazhinji vose motokari dziripo nhasi. Ndizvo chete zvakagadzirwa ichi uye atanga kusimudzira otomatiki kupfuudzwa kuna zvavo.
Ndinofanira kutaura kuti convert pacharo haasi chikamu nokuchinja mashandiro. Its basa - mumwe makabatisisa mubhokisi "otomatiki muchina", ndiro torque convert transmits torque kubva muinjini kusvika makumbo ari mubishi kutamira kure muchina.
The Injini uye mashandiro kuti "otomatiki" havana dzakaoma Links kune mumwe. The rotational simba iri inoparadzirwa kushandisa mafuta anokosha hutachiwana - nayo anoramba circulates panzvimbo namahwindo denderedzwa pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa. zano Izvi zvinoita injini ine giya avimbiswa kushanda apo motokari ndewe.
Hazvina basa nokuchinja ari hydraulic maitiro, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, asi hydraulic Unit, asi ichi ndicho vakawanda zvakadaro. Mazuva yemashoko anodawo modes takatsunga mukombiyuta. Saka, PPC inogona kushanda mune mwero, mutambo kana upfumi muoti.
The zvokuimba Chikamu mabhokisi aya ndezvechokwadi uye rakanyatsojeka amenable kugadzira. Hydraulic chikwata chinhu simba gwapa. Kana mavharuvhu basa rake zvakanaka, ipapo mutyairi vachasangana kusawirirana. Asi chiitiko havanyatsokurukurirani zvakachengetwa vane otomatiki hutachiwana zvikamu, kunyange kugadzira mutengo inodhura kwazvo.
Kana nokufambisa zvechadenga motokari, akashongedzerwa gidrotransformatornymi panzvimbo, ivo kuvimba zvemagetsi pazviruva - nokukurumidza ichi otomatiki Switch nezvimwe sensors, uye somugumisiro uchapupu ichi vakatumira nokuchinja murayiro panguva yakakodzera.
Kare, mabhokisi akadaro zvaipiwa chete rachulis mana. Current mhando vane 5, 6, 7 uye kunyange 8 anobatsira. Maererano Vagadziri, dzakanga nhamba transmissions chinowedzera kuvandudzika simba maitiro, kumeso inofamba uye nokuchinja, uye mafuta upfumi.
stepless variator
Ikaonekwa kwayo chiso chinhu waishandiswa mhinduro kune chinyakare "muchina" hakusi zvakasiyana, asi nheyo kushanda zvakasiyana. Hapana rachulis, uye hurongwa hazvirevi chinja. The giya ratios vanochinjwa dzichimhanya uye pasina dzongonyedzo - hakutsamiri pakukurumidza ipfupi kana injini iri untwisted. mabhokisi aya zvinopa kunonyanyisa kumeso kushanda - nyaradzo nokuda mutyairi.
Chimwe ndinoiitawo uyo CVT gearshift zvokutaurwa waidiwa vatyairi - ndiko kumhanya basa. kutapukirwa Izvi hazvirevi kutambisa nguva nokuchinja muitiro - kana unofanira kusimuka kuti akurumidze, zvichava pakarepo pamusoro zvikuru vakarongeka torque kuti motokari mhanyisa.
Automatic Transmission: sei kushandisa
Funga anodawo ezvinhu uye anodawo mitemo zvavo gidrotransforatornyh zvetsika michina. Vari yakaiswa pamusoro motokari dzakawanda.
Main otomatiki modes
Kuti uone dzinokosha nemitemo oparesheni, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kukurira avo modes kuti kupa nzira idzi.
Nokuti zvose, pasina chaakasiya motokari pamwe otomatiki hutachiwana modes vanosungirwa - a «P», «R», «D», «N». Uye mutyairi anogona kusarudza munhu achida nzira, bhokisi riri nepokuongorora mhikuriso kusarudza bhendi. In chitarisiko, hazvina kusiyana kubva selector chinja Chinyorwa gearbox. Musiyano kuti nokupfuuridzirwa kusuduruka muitiro rinoitwa nenzira yakarurama mutsetse.
Anonyorwa pamusoro control panel - zviri nyore chaizvo, kunyanya vatyairi ruzivo. Panguva sangano hapana chikonzero kutsauswa kubva mumugwagwa uye akakotamisa musoro wake kutarisa chii anodzinga kuchinjwa machine.
Automatic hutachiwana muoti «P» - iri yokupakira mujenya. In nzira iyi, kudzima zvose motokari zvinoriumba. Zvinofanira chete mberi pamwe refu zvimire kana kupaka. Uyewo, nzira iyi kutanga injini.
«R» - shure hutachiwana. With marongero ichi, muchina vachaenda namanhede. Zvinosanganisira neizvi giya inokurudzirwa chete pashure mumuchina amira chose; zvinokoshawo kuyeuka kuti necheshure iri kusashanda chete kana akaora mwoyo zvizere akamedura. Mimwe algorithm nezviito zvichida kuti nouchapupu kuvadza nokupfuuridzirwa uye motokari. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuziva zvose avo vane otomatiki hutachiwana. Kuishandisa zvakanaka, nyanzvi chifunga, uye vatyairi vane ruzivo. Teerera mazano aya, vanobatsira chaizvo.
«N» - kwazvakarerekera, kana kwazvakarerekera. Panzvimbo ino, injini haasisina transmits torque kuti chassis uye kumhanya ari simbe. Tinoratidza kushandisa kuchinjwa ichi chete pfupi kufanira. Uyewo, hadzirishandisi bhokisi iri kwazvakarerekera nzvimbo kana uchityaira. Vamwe Nyanzvi angarayira kuti sorwonzi motokari iri nzira iyi. Kana otomatiki hutachiwana iri kwatakarerekera, injini hakubvumidzwi.
Modes Automatic mufambo
«D» - inofamba muoti. Kana bhokisi riri panzvimbo iyi, iyo motokari chichienderera mberi. In kutapukirwa ichi vari rave kushandisa panguva vachisundira gasi chitiviri pedyo mutyairi.
Motokari muchina angava 4, 5, 6, 7 uye kunyange 8 transmissions. Lever yokusarudzira zvakawanda mota vakadaro vangava akawanda kusarudza kufamba mberi - hazvina «D3», «D2», «D1». Mazita anogona kuva pasina tsamba. Izvi nenhamba zvinoratidza zvinowanikwa pamusoro giya.
Chimiro «D3» mutyairi anogona kushandisa rachulis zvitatu zvokutanga. Urongwa uhwu zvikuru zvikuru akaputsa pane ari kwakajairika «D». rudzi urwu inokurudzirwa kana kufamba pasina kuderera hazvibviri. Uyewo, kushanda iri ichishanda pamwe kakawanda nemadzinza uye anokwira.
«D2» - Naizvozvo ndizvo chete rachulis maviri okutanga. Panzvimbo iri mubhokisi riri Kutamiswa pana aimhanya anosvika 50 km / h. Kazhinji ichi rinoshandiswa utsinye ezvinhu - kunge sango mugwagwa kana gomo unomonereka. Panzvimbo ino, kufadza injini braking kugona inoshandiswa. Uyewo kushandura bhokisi iri «D2» vanoda mu kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa.
«D1» - iyi ndiyo chete Gear wokutanga. Panzvimbo iyi otomatiki hutachiwana rinoshandiswa kana motokari zvakaoma kupararira pane 25 km / h. An chinokosha ZANO vaya otomatiki hutachiwana (sei kushandisa ose mamiriro ayo): hakusi zvakakodzera kuti zvinosanganisira nzira uyu mukuru aimhanya, zvikasadaro zvichava kukukurwa.
«0D» - imwe nhamba akawedzera. Ichi chinhu zvakanyanyisa nzvimbo. Zvinofanira kushandiswa kana muchina akaita vakanongazve nokukurumidza kubva 75 kusvika 110 km / h. Kubva kutapukirwa inokurudzirwa kana mwero wakati akadonhedzwa 70 km / h. nzira iyi yekudyidzana kunoderedza huni kudyiwa musi mikuru.
Zvinosanganisira zvose modes izvi zvinogona kuva chero hurongwa motokari ichifamba. Zvino tinogona chete kutarisa speedometer uye tachometer iri isingachadiwi.
mamwe Features
On transmissions akawanda akaziva, ebetsero modes. Izvi zvinoitika, nyanzvi mumitambo, overdrive, chando uye mari.
Normal nzira inoshandiswa vanhuwo ezvinhu. Economy anogona kuwana kumeso uye akanyarara chokufambisa. In mutambo muoti, ivo zvemagetsi zvaanopa simba injini kuti vaifanira - mutyairi zvose kuti motokari anokwanisa, asi pamusoro upfumi achafanira kukanganwa. Winter muoti rakagadzirirwa kushanda ezvinhu tsvedza hukawanika. The motokari iri akatanga kwete wokutanga uye ane yechipiri kana kunyange Gear wechitatu.
zvidzidzo izvi kazhinji yaisanganisira nomumwe mabhatani uye haizoshandisi. Zvinofanira akati kuti, pasinei zvose zvakanakira kuti vatyairi anopa otomatiki hutachiwana, vatyairi vanoda kutyaira motokari. Hapana nani sei chinja kumhanya motokari yake. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, boka Porsche mainjiniya ndakasika munhu kwadzinoita otomatiki "Tiptronic". kutevedzera iyi dzakaitwa nemaoko bhokisi. Kunoitawo kuti manually kusimudza kana uchida kuti downshift.
Automatic hutachiwana: sei kuchovha
Mukuita yokutanga iri motokari kubva panzvimbo, uye kana nhungamiro kwebasa bhokisi muoti iri kushandisa kana akamedura. Kana kuchinja mirayiridzo sezvazviri haumanikidzwi vanomboenda kuisa bhokisi iri kwazvakarerekera chinzvimbo.
Tora rutsoka dzedu kubva akamedura inokurudzirwa chete pashure mutyairi vanonzwa cho mumwe kusunda - zvinonzi kuchinjwa kwazvo kuroorana.
Kana uchida kurega dzimwe motokari zviedza, uyewo nyaya kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, hazvina zvakakodzera kugadza selector kune kwazvakarerekera nzvimbo. Uyewo, regai zano kuzviita pamusoro mawere. Kana motokari skids, hazvina zvakakodzera kushandisa kumanikidza kuti gasi - zviri zvakaipa. Better vakwanise downshifts uye kushandisa akaputsa chitiviri kuti mavhiri engoro tenderera nezvishoma.
The Mamwe subtleties yokushanda pamwe otomatiki hutachiwana anogona kunzwisisa chete achityaira ruzivo.
uchishandisa mitemo
Chinhu chokutanga unofanira inoodza mwoyo kuti akaputsa chitiviri. Ipapo selector rinoshandurwa rokufambira muoti. Next, kusunungura kupaka akamedura. The akamedura chitiviri awire zvakanaka - motokari anotanga kufamba. nokuchinja All uye kuchinja pasi otomatiki hutachiwana unoitwa kubudikidza akamedura, rutsoka rworudyi.
Kuderedza mwero, zvakanaka kuti vaende ari gasi chitiviri - transmissions vose kuitwa kwaita.
The chikuru Kutonga - hapana unopinza akagadzirwa akurumidze, unopinza braking, chero kamwe masangano. Izvi zvinotungamirira kupfeka pamusoro kukweshera disks uye anowedzera daro therebetween. Izvi zvinogona zvino kutungamirira kuti kuchava zvisingafadzi ukapisa murwi kana kuchinja otomatiki hutachiwana.
Vamwe Nyanzvi dziri zano kuzorora bhokisi. Somuenzaniso, apo kupaka zvinokwanisika kuti muchina kumonera panguva simbe pasina gasi. Chete pashure izvi zvinogona vomanikidza akisarareta.
Automatic Transmission: Nezvokusaita
Zvinonzi zvaisambobvumirwa kupa mutoro muchina ushamwari. Kunyange kana motokari shure wakachengetwa pamusoro razero mhepo tembiricha, makiromita yakanakisisa kutanga kukunda yakaderera aimhanya - zvinokuvadza chaizvo kuti bhokisi unopinza kumhanyisa uye jerk. Asava mutendi mutsva mutyairi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti vari kuti zvakazara anodziya ari otomatiki hutachiwana, unofanira nguva kupfuura inodziya-up simba chikwata.
Automatic haina arongera kure-munzira uye hwakanyanya kushandiswa. Vazhinji ano PPC Classic mazano havadi probuksovok mavhiri. Nzira yakanakisisa kutyaira kuti nyaya - kunze jeko akagadzirwa nokukurumidza mumigwagwa yakaipa. Kana motokari iri chavasina, kubatsira nefoshoro - kwete mutoro zvikuru hutachiwana ukoshi.
Uyewo, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kwete wakaremedza mashoko chaiwo otomatiki hutachiwana mukuru mitoro - zvigadziriswe overheat uye saka simba uye zvakawanda kusakara. Sorwonzi Trailers nedzimwe motokari - kukurumidza rufu kuti muchina.
Mukuwedzera, musatanga motokari vakapakata otomatiki hutachiwana, aine "Hwokutengesa". Kunyange zvazvo vatyairi vemotokari zhinji uye kutyora mutemo uyu, pano tinofanira kuyeuka kuti haangafambi pasina nokuda mashandiro.
Kuva nechokwadi kuti tichifunga zvimwe ari chinja. In kuramba kutsigira, unogona kugara, asi chete kana chengetedzo yacho akamedura chitiviri. hazvitenderwi kuti kudzima simba chikwata ari kwazvakarerekera chinzvimbo - ichi chinogona kuitwa chete pachinzvimbo "Parking". Wairambidza kufambisa mhikuriso mu "Rental" kana panzvimbo «R» kufamba.
Common Problems
Typical zvikanganiso nyanzvi kusiyanisa Kuparara zvikamu, idonhe mafuta, nezvinetso zvemagetsi uye hydraulic chikwata. Dzimwe zvikasashanda tachometer. Uyewo, dzimwe nguva pane nezvinetso torque convert asingashandi injini nokukurumidza Switch.
Kana uri kushandisa bhokisi ane dambudziko iri anozunungusa mhikuriso, izvi zviratidzo nezvinetso selector. Kugadzirisa kudikanwa kutsiva chidimbu - otomatiki hutachiwana zvikamu zviri Automotive muzvitoro.
Kazhinji breakdowns zhinji dzinoitika nokuda mafuta leakage kubva hurongwa. Kazhinji, otomatiki gearboxes vari ichiyerera kubva pasi zvisimbiso. Zvingangoita kuti aongorore vezvikwata iri viaduct kana kuona buri. Kana vhinza Ndiko mureza chii inoda kukurumidza kugadziriswa pakati chikwata. Kana ukaita nguva dzose, dambudziko anogona kugadziriswa nokutsiva mafuta uye zvisimbiso.
On dzimwe motokari, pane mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti haasi kushanda tachometer. Kana iwe mira uye speedometer, asi otomatiki hutachiwana anogona kupinda nechimbichimbi muoti. Kazhinji, matambudziko aya kwazvo, zviri nyore chaizvo. Matambudziko pasi chaiyo Switch. Kana iwe kuritsiva kana kuchenesa nayo neshamwari, ipapo zvose vakadzokera pazvigaro zvavo. Unofanira kutarisa otomatiki hutachiwana nokukurumidza Switch. It iri muviri bhokisi.
Uyewo, vatyairi atarisana zvisiri kushanda otomatiki hutachiwana nokuti matambudziko Electronics. Kazhinji, kudzorwa chikwata anoverenga zvakaipa nokukurumidza nokuda nokuchinja. Chikonzero kuti zvingava injini nokukurumidza Switch. Repair of chikwata - zviri musoro, asi yokutsiva pamusoro Switch uye zvishwe rubatsiro.
Kakawanda zvazvinoita pasi hydraulic chikwata. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mutyairi zvisiri kushandiswa hutachiwana. Kana muchina haasi neshungu muchando, apo hydraulic chikwata chiri nyore kwazvo. Nezvinetso hydraulic chikwata kunowanzoguma vibrations siyana, vamwe vanoshandisa rokuongorora kuti kuvhunduka iri kuchinja otomatiki hutachiwana. In Motokari ano kukuvara ichi vachadzidza pamusoro-bhodhi pakombiyuta.
Nokushanda otomatiki kupfuudzwa muchando nguva
Vazhinji nokukundikana ari otomatiki hutachiwana zvazvingava, zviri yechando. Izvi nokuda kunambwa yakaderera tembiricha kwenyika pfuma uye kuti uri chando kana anozunungusa vhiri nemhuru - izvi zvakare kwete nzira yakanakisisa kunokanganisa hurumende.
Pamberi kutanga kuchitonhora muchairi vanofanira kuongorora nokupfuuridzirwa Urume. Kana akaona specks nesimbi machipisi, kana nemvura zvasvibiswa uye vakava turbid, kunofanira kutsiviwa. Kana mukuru mafuta shanduko uye Sefa mitemo, ipapo kushanda munyika yedu, Zvinokurudzirwa kuita izvi ose 30 000? Km kubva run mumotokari.
Kana mumuchina wavharwa, zvino hazvisi zvakakodzera kushandisa «D» nzira. Muchiitiko chino, zvinobatsira downshifting. Kana paine zviri pasi, zvino motokari iri kudhonzwa neshure inofamba. Asi havashushi izvozvo zvakare.
Kuti tidzivise skidding yakaderera rachulis pamusoro dzinotsvedza mugwagwa, nokuti mberi nemavhiri motokari vanofanira kubata akisarareta chitiviri kune veshure nemavhiri - nekusiyana, kusunungura chitiviri. Asati atendeuka nani kushandisa yakaderera rachulis.
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