Barsakelmes Island muGungwa Aral

Barsakelmes - kare wechipiri Chitsuwa, uye ikozvino - turakiti iri kuchamhembe kweGungwa Aral rukapwa, muna Kyzylorda mudunhu Kazakhstan. Doma Barca Kelmes ( "enda - hapana kudzoka"), maererano nengano, chokuita akashungurudzwa zvichaitirwa mhuri dzinoverengeka akanga atizira pachitsuwa munguva yehondo. Nomunyika akakamanikana iri chando pamusoro chando, vanhu vakanga akabviswa kumhenderekedzo madutu akaparadza chando zambuko. Vakakwanisa kupona chando kuburikidza kuvhima mhuka neshiri, kuparadzira remwoto saxaul uye kubvunda chando, asi muzhizha ari madziva meltwater rukapwa, uye zvose vapoteri vakafa nenyota.

Zvakakurukurwa pachitsuwa

The kudzidza yakatanga Barsakelmes Butakova rwendo muna 1848. The chitsuwa pacharo uye Aral Sea pamepu zvinogona kuonekwa pazasi. Kubvira ipapo, masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti chikamu ichi munyika iri kuchinja saizi yaro. Izvi imhaka yakasimba shoaling mvura. Somuenzaniso, muna Kuma1960, chitsuwa chaiva 23 km pakureba, muna 1980 - 30 km, richisvika imwe nzvimbo 300 sq. ? km. Kuma1990, sezvo kuomesa dura Barsakelmes ikava kweItari, uye kubudikidza 2009 gungwa kumativi hwaoma, uye akava chaiwo muganhu yakaoma.

Climate

Island Barsakelmes Sea Aral ari zvikuru Continental okunze nharaunda. Izvi zvinooneka munzvimbo huru nemwaka uye diurnal tembiricha zvakasiyana. munda ino ndohwaJehovha North-okunze nharaunda Turan mugwenga wongoramba. Paavhareji July tembiricha - + 25 ° ... + 26 ° C, kunonyanyisa - + 42 ° ... + 44 ° C. In February Kazhinji kunobva -10 ° C kuti -13 ° C. Yakadereresa mwero tembiricha rwakanga rwakakura pane kumativi -36 ° C.

Refu chando nguva (gumi rokutanga December kusvika gumi March rokutanga), asi kunoratidzwa kakawanda thaws pamwe razero tembiricha. The nguva risiri tembiricha zvinopfuura 0 °, kwozoti mazuva 227-237 kubva March kusvika 20/25 8/13 yaNovember. The chando-isina ekunze akasiyira kwenguva mazuva 173-178.

Nokufamba kwenguva chirimo mwando yakaderera, ramakore mazuva chete 10% (chando - 50%). Spring ipfupi, uye chando ari kubvunda nokukurumidza. Kunonaya yakaderera - 126-128 mm pagore, navazhinji nayo vakagumbuswa mwaka inotonhora. Mwedzi kupfuura kuchinaya - April uye October. Rakadzikama chando pabutiro kudzika 10-15 kusvika 40 masendimita akabata mazuva 80-90. ivhu nechando udzamu ari masendimita 45. Muchando chando kakawanda mhepo yakasimba. Sea nokuomesa Climate akaita rakapinza, avhareji tembiricha zhizha akasimuka 2-2,5 ° C, chando akadonha 1-2 ° C.

The Zvinoumba ivhu

Island Barsakelmes kusvikira 1965 aiva mugove kure negungwa zhinji. Ndivo kunyanya the lagoon nyanza, iyo iri kumadokero kwayo divi. reservoirs izvi vane zvachose kunharaunda 490 hectares, udzamu kwavo 1.5-2 mamita. Ivhu runowanzoitika kweGungwa Aral dunhu - ndachena mashava, kusanganisira vakawanda sesaline uye takyr-wakawanda. Sea nokuomesa zvakaguma dzakakwirira salinity pose nokuda yokutama mhepo negungwa munyu.

rubatsiro

Island iri Aral muGungwa nokuda Tinozorodzwa muzvikamu zviviri. Chokutanga - yakakwirira rwenze kumaodzanyemba aine kunonyanyisa kukwirira 108 metres, wechipiri - mumupata kuchamhembe. Kuchamhembe-nokumavirira, nokumusoro uye kumabvazuva jecha Dunes dziri pamhenderekedzo aimbova. In upamhi vanozadzika makiromita maviri kumavirira uye 200-440 M kumabvazuva.

uwandu hwevanhu

Kusvikira pakutanga XX remakore, chitsuwa yakanga isingagarwi Barsakelmes, zvachose kwevanhu pariri zvaishaikwa. Tsanangura kuti zvaiva nyore. Chokutanga, izvi imhaka kunzvimbo uye mamiriro okunze unhu. Mumakore 1929-1939 musi Barsakelmes akaita kuvhima makasimba "Soyuzpushnina" vaiva dzimba nechepakati Manor uye dugouts, matumba nokuti nguva hove pasi squirrels. pfupi reservoirs kuunganidza mvura mvura uye chando dzakavakwa zvinodiwa nevanhu uye chitsuwa kupinza zvipfuwo zvayo.

chengetedza Barsakelmes

Muna 1939, chitsuwa tsvene hwagadzwa, mumwe ane mabasa ndicho kubereka vana mashoma uye panjodzi marudzi. Kare muna 1929, akauya Barsakelmes saiga, muna 1953 - kulan, rakanga akaronga domesticate uye kuyambuka nemabhiza kuti vabereke manyurusi. By mid-remakore rakaitwa acclimatization én nemhara, tsuro, Gopher-sandstone, pheasant uye hwari. Kula nemhara vaiva zvinhu mikuru yokudzivirira, asi pashure 2009 boka abva Peninsula uye vakapararira mhiri inowanzorimwa. Saiga pakazopera 1980, nhamba yose yakanga vanhu 30, uye vamwe vakanga kana kupfura nemhaka dzisingadzorwi kuvhima, kana kuva nyama mapere, ndokugara pachitsuwa mumazuva iwayo. Anofungidzirwa, chikamu chemombe kuburikidza yechando chando akatamira kune yakaoma.

muriwo nyika

Barsakelmes chitsuwa kusiyaniswa chinokosha vamiririri nemiti. Angiosperms vane 257 rudzi yomumwe 172 genera 46 mhuri. Hunodzorwa goosefoot, izvo pane 41 marudzi, kusanganisira vanhuwo kune dzisinganayi mapazi dema saxaul, Anabasis Salsa uye boyalysh. Rakapararira herbaceous halophytes, uyewo akasiyana Quinoa uye Climacoptera. Mhuri chinomiririrwa dzakawanda nechipiriso uye kusimba gwenga wheatgrass uye munhenga. wachena gavakava akavamba pakati Asteraceae. Cruciferous - 26 marudzi, vakawanda deskurenii Sofia uye Goldbach. Bhinzi vari vashoma zvikuru, asi dzimwe nguva pane nzvimbo duku hunodzorwa nezvavanodavira jecha nemiakasia, grandiflora Caragana uye ngamera munzwa. mhuri idzi shanu muridzi 57% veko kasvisto.

Kazhinji, chirimwa nyika ndohwaJehovha Turan floristic province. Kazakhstan endemic mhando: munhenga Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy Barbed Quinoa, petrosimoniya nemitsipa vhudzi, akawanda mhando gavakava: switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, nemicheka-akanzwa. Zvakawanda mumatenhere ose womutamarisiki. Mumwe zvishongo vari Barsakelmes murenje saxaul yemiorivhi, aine nekukwirira 2.5-3 mamita kumira.

mhuka nyika

Pano vertebrates 20 marudzi, pakati pavo chete amphibian, girini buruuru mupenyu pedyo kwenguva madziva. Pakati zvinokambaira rakajairika takyr CHIDHAMBAKURA. Zvakajairika mazuva cottonmouth Pallas, museve-nyoka, squeaky nechipfira, vaigara Anabasis Salsa-seropolynnoy mugwenga. The chidzutswa dzvinyu akawana zvakasimba. Rare mhando vari coluber uye inowanzorimwa kamba.

Island Barsakelmes mupfumi-siyana vamiririri shiri. The avifauna ine vanenge 211 eshiri, zvose nesting uye dzichitama. Ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi kamwe nested mbeveve nejichidza, rakamonana nekondo, mallard, garganey, wachena Dhadha, shoveler, Stilt, reCaspian Tern. Great kukuvara panosangana pasi pamusoro mahombekombe uye jecha zviwi, gava rakaiswa. On mawere inogarwa shelduck, dema rinomhanya, pleshanka, dombo shiri, jackdaw, European nyuchi-inodya, uye mune mamwe makore nesting shiri dzamakondo - ég norukodzi uye kestrel.

Mhuka pakazosvika 1990 pakanga 12 mhando: diki uye zvipfupi mafuta-tailed inosvetuka inosvetuka (zvemo), bicolored shrew, Gopher-sandstone (zvokutengeserana mhando), wachena BoyzMikaro, gava, mhumhi uye vamwe Korsak akasangana ambotaurwa mune Kuma1960 kuparadzwa makava..

To muchidimbu

Nhoroondo chacho unofadza zvikuru. About naye kunozivikanwa. nzvimbo iyi nyika yakasiyana uye zvisinganzwisisiki. Vanhu vakawanda vakati kuti nguva kwarinoenda kucherechedzwa (awa pachitsuwa kuenzaniswa mazuva haizi pachitsuwa). Pane akanyangarika zvikepe guru kuti ashambire muGungwa Aral. Pamepu, inoumbwa panguva, chitsuwa hakuratidzwi, kubva 2009, zvakanga vakaguma kuvapo nokuda kupwa vakawanda yacho.